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{{Infobox Tennis player
{{otheruses}}
|playername = Miroslava Vavrinec
{{Infobox Book | <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] -->
| image = <!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image: Miroslava Vavrinec.jpg|Mirkoslava Vavrinec]] -->
| name = Animal Farm
| nickname = Mirka
| title_orig =
| country = {{SUI}}
| translator =
| residence = [[Wollerau]], [[Switzerland]] {{fact|date=September 2008}}
| image = [[Image:AnimalFarm 1stEd.jpg|200px]]
| datebirth = {{birth date and age|1978|4|1}}
| image_caption = 1st US edition cover
| placebirth = [[Bojnice]], [[Slovakia]] then [[Czechoslovak Socialist Republic|CSSR]]
| author = [[George Orwell]]
| height = {{height|m=1.74}}
| illustrator =
| weight = {{convert|59|kg|lb st|abbr=on|lk=on}}<ref>[[:fr:Miroslava_Vavrinec|Miroslava Vavrinec French wikipedia page (en Francais)]]</ref><ref>[[#WTA|WTA Profile]]</ref><!-- please don't change the weight here unless her WTA profile changes. The pages for most living retired tennis pros list the weight from the profile, rather than the (often higher) current weight. -->
| cover_artist =
| turnedpro = [[January 15]], [[1998]]
| country = [[United Kingdom]]
| retired = [[2002]]
| language = [[English language|English]]
| plays = Right handed
| series =
| careerprizemoney = $260,832
| subject = <!-- Subject is not relevant for fiction -->
| singlesrecord = 202–159
| genre = [[Satire]]<!-- [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels/Novel categorization]] -->
| singlestitles = 0
| publisher = [[Secker and Warburg|Secker and Warburg (London)]]
| highestsinglesranking = 76 ([[September 10]], [[2001]])
| release_date = 17 August 1945
| AustralianOpenresult = 2nd round (2001)
| english_release_date =
| FrenchOpenresult = 1st round (2001)
| media_type = Print ([[Hardcover]] & [[Paperback]])
| Wimbledonresult = 1st round (2001)
| pages = 112 pp (UK paperback edition)<!-- First edition page count preferred -->
| USOpenresult = 3rd round (2001)
| isbn = ISBN 0-452-28424-4 (present)<!-- First released before ISBN system implemented -->
| doublesrecord = 38–68
| preceded_by = <!-- Preceding novel in series -->
| doublestitles = 0
| followed_by = <!-- Following novel in series -->
| highestdoublesranking = No. 214 ([[August 24]], [[1998]])
| updated = January 24, 2007
}}
}}
'''''Animal Farm''''' is a [[novel]] by [[George Orwell]], and is the most famous [[Satire|satirical]] [[allegory]] of [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[totalitarianism]]. Published in 1945, the book reflects events leading up to and during the [[History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)|Stalin era]] before [[World War II]]. Orwell, a [[democratic socialism|democratic socialist]], and a member of the [[Independent Labour Party]] for many years, was a critic of [[Joseph Stalin]], and was suspicious of [[Moscow]]-directed [[Stalinism]] after his experiences with the [[NKVD]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]].


'''Miroslava (Mirka) Vavrinec''' (born [[1 April]] [[1978]] in [[Bojnice]], [[Slovakia]]) is a former [[Women's Tennis Association|WTA]] [[tennis]] player from [[Switzerland]], who retired from the game in [[2002]] after a foot injury. She is the girlfriend of former [[List of ATP number 1 ranked players|World No. 1]] tennis player [[Roger Federer]], having first met him at the [[2000 Summer Olympics|Sydney Olympics]] in [[2000]]. Since her retirement, Vavrinec is frequently photographed on the ATP circuit attending Federer's matches.
The book was chosen by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' Magazine as one of the 100 best English-language novels (1923 to 2005)<ref>[[#Gr|Grossman 2005]]</ref>, was number 31 on the [[Modern Library List of Best 20th-Century Novels]] and won a Retrospective Hugo in 1996.


Vavrinec, born in [[Slovakia]], emigrated to [[Switzerland]] when she was two years old. Her parents currently own a jewelry shop and reside in [[Schaffhausen]].<ref>[http://federermagic.blogspot.com/2004/12/roger-federers-girlfriend-miroslava.html "Roger Federer's Girlfriend - Miroslava 'Mirka' Vavrinec"], FedererMagic.blogspot.com</ref> In [[1987]], when Vavrinec was nine, her father took her to watch a tournament at Filderstadt in Germany. Vavrinec met [[Martina Navratilova]], who thought she looked athletic and should try tennis. Navratilova later sent Vavrinec a [[racquet]] and arranged for her first tennis lesson.<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/people/profiles/article296236.ece "Roger Federer: A smashing guy"], Brian Viner, ''The Independent'', [[July 2]] [[2005]]</ref>
==Overview==
The short novel is an [[allegory]] in which animals play the roles of the [[Bolshevik]] revolutionaries and overthrow and oust the human owners of the farm, setting it up as a commune in which, at first, all animals are equal; however, class and status disparities soon emerge between the different animal species. The [[novel]] describes how a society's ideologies can be manipulated and twisted by those in positions of social and political power, including how a [[utopia]]n society is made impossible by the corrupting nature of the very power necessary to create it.


==Footnotes==
==Characters and their possible real-life counterparts==
{{reflist}}
The events and characters in Animal Farm satirise [[Stalinism]] ("Animalism"), authoritarian government and human stupidity generally<ref name="Bott7">[[#Bo|Bott page 14]]</ref>; Snowball is [[Trotsky]]<ref name="Bott7"/> and the head pig Napoleon is [[Stalin]].<ref name="Bott7"/>

The dogs are also important characters in this novel that enabled Orwell to discover and express more of what had happened in [[Russia]]. The other characters have their parallels in the real world, but care should be taken with these comparisons, as Orwell's intent was not always explicit and they often simply represent generalised concepts.{{Fact|date=July 2008}}<!-- or remove -->

===Pigs===
'''[[Old Major]]''' is the inspiration that fuels the Revolution and the book. According to one interpretation, he could be based upon both [[Karl Marx]] and [[Vladimir Lenin]]. However, according to [[Christopher Hitchens]]: "the persons of Lenin and Trotsky are combined into one [i.e., Snowball], or, it might even be truer to say, there is no Lenin-pig at all. "<ref>Hitchens, Christopher (2002), Why Orwell Matters, Basic Books, pp 186-187.</ref>

Old Major is presented positively. According to the interpretation that Old Major represents Marx and Lenin, the satire in ''Animal Farm'' is not of [[Marxism]], or of Lenin's revolution, but of the corruption that occurred later. Hitchens, while disagreeing with the interpretation that Old Major represents Lenin, agrees that Orwell presents Marxism sympathetically, stating that in the book "the aims and principles of the Russian Revolution are given face-value credit throughout; this is a revolution betrayed, not a revolution that is monstrous from its inception." Old Major introduces the animals to the song [[Beasts of England]].

'''[[Napoleon (Animal Farm)|Napoleon]]''', a [[Berkshire (pig)|Berkshire boar]], is the main [[tyrant]] and [[villain]] of ''Animal Farm'' and is based upon [[Joseph Stalin]].

Orwell made this allusion clear in his 17 March 1945 letter to his publisher:{{Fact|date=July 2008}}
{{quote|...when the windmill is blown up, I wrote, "all the animals including Napoleon flung themselves on their faces." I would like to alter it to "all the animals except Napoleon". If that has been printed it's not worth bothering about, but I just thought the alteration would be fair to J.S. ([[Joseph Stalin]]), as he did stay in [[Moscow]] during the German advance.<ref name ="Hitch">[[#Hitch|Hitchens 2000]]</ref>}}

Napoleon begins to gradually build up his power, using puppies he took from mother dogs Jessie and Bluebell, which he raises to be vicious dogs as his [[secret police]]. After driving Snowball off the farm, Napoleon usurps full power, using false propaganda from Squealer and threats and intimidation from the dogs to keep the other animals in line. Among other things, he gradually changes the Commandments to allow himself privileges such as eating at a table and to justify his dictatorial rule. By the end of the book, Napoleon and his fellow pigs have learned to walk upright and started to behave similarly to the humans against whom they originally revolted. (In the French version of ''Animal Farm'', Napoleon is called César, the French spelling of [[Caesar]].<ref name="Dav">[[#Dav|Davison 2000]]</ref>)

'''[[Snowball (Animal Farm)|Snowball]]''' is Napoleon's rival. He is an allusion to [[Leon Trotsky]]. He wins over most animals, but is driven out of the farm in the end by Napoleon.<!-- repetitive --> Snowball genuinely works for the good of the farm and devises plans to help the animals achieve their vision of an egalitarian utopia, but Napoleon and his dogs chase him from the farm, and Napoleon spreads rumours to make him seem evil and corrupt and that he had secretly sabotaged the animals' efforts to improve the farm. In his biography of Orwell, Bernard Crick suggests that Snowball was as much inspired by POUM leader [[Andrés Nin]] as by Trotsky. Nin was a similarly adept orator and also fell victim to the Communist purges of the Left during the Spanish Civil War.{{Fact|date=July 2008}}

'''[[Squealer (Animal Farm)|Squealer]]''', a small fat porker, serves as Napoleon's right hand pig and minister of propaganda. Inspired by [[Vyacheslav Molotov]] and the Soviet paper ''[[Pravda]]'', Squealer manipulates the language to excuse, justify, and extol all of Napoleon's actions. He represents all the propaganda Stalin used to justify his own heinous acts. In all of his work, George Orwell made it a point to show how politicians used language. Squealer limits debate by complicating it and he confuses and disorients, making claims that the pigs need the extra luxury they are taking in order to function properly, for example. However, when questions persist, he usually uses the threat of the return of Mr Jones, the former owner of the farm, to justify the pigs' privileges. Squealer uses statistics to convince the animals that life is getting better and better. Most of the animals have only dim memories of life before the revolution; therefore, they are convinced.

'''Minimus''' is a poetic pig who writes the second and third national anthems of ''Animal Farm'' after the singing of "Beasts of England" is banned. He represents admirers of Stalin both inside and outside the USSR such as [[Maxim Gorky]]. As Minimus composed the replacement of "Beasts of England", he may equate to the three main composers of the ''[[National Anthem of the Soviet Union]]'' which replaced ''[[The Internationale]]'' – [[Gabriel El-Registan]], [[Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov]], and [[Sergey Mikhalkov]].{{Fact|date=October 2008}}

The '''Piglets''' are hinted to be the children of Napoleon (albeit not truly noted in the novel) and are the first generation of animals actually subjugated to his idea of animal inequality.

The '''Rebel Pigs''' are four pigs who complain about Napoleon's takeover of the farm but are quickly silenced and later executed. This is based on the [[Great Purge]] during Stalin's regime. The closest parallels to the Rebel Pigs may be [[Nikolai Bukharin]], [[Alexei Rykov]], [[Grigory Zinoviev]], and [[Lev Kamenev]].{{Fact|date=October 2008}}

===Humans===
'''[[Jones (Animal Farm)|Mr Jones]]''' represents [[Nicholas II of Russia]], the deposed [[Tsar]], who had been facing severe financial difficulties in the days leading up to the [[Russian Revolution of 1917|1917 Revolution]]. The character is also a nod toward [[Louis XVI]]. There are several implications that he represents an autocratic but ineffective [[capitalism|capitalist]], incapable of running the farm and looking after the animals properly. Jones is a very heavy drinker and the animals revolt against him after he drinks so much that he does not feed or take care of them, and his attempt to recapture the farm is foiled in the '''Battle of the Cowshed''' (the [[Russian Civil War]]). Ironically, Napoleon himself becomes almost obsessed with drinking and eventually changes the commandments to suit his needs. Toward the end of the book, the pigs become the mirror image of Jones, though they thirst for more power than ever before.

'''[[Frederick (Animal Farm)|Mr Frederick]]''' is the tough owner of Pinchfield, a well-kept neighbouring farm. He represents [[Adolf Hitler]] and the [[National Socialist German Workers Party|Nazi Party]] in general.<ref name="Cliff39">[[#Mo|Moran page 39]]</ref> He tricks them into selling wood to him for forged money and later attacks them, destroying the windmill but being finally beaten in the resulting '''Battle of the Windmill''' ([[World War II]]). There are also stories of him mistreating his own animals.

'''[[Pilkington (Animal Farm)|Mr Pilkington]]''' is the easy-going but crafty owner of Foxwood, a neighbouring farm overgrown with weeds, as described in the book. He represents the western powers, such as the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[United States]]. The card game at the very end of the novel is a metaphor for the [[Tehran Conference]], where the parties flatter each other, all the while cheating at the game. This last scene is [[irony|ironic]] because all the Pigs are civil and kind to the humans, defying all for which they had fought. This happened at the Tehran Conference: the Soviet Union formed an alliance with the United States and the United Kingdom, capitalist countries that the Soviet Union had fought in the early years of the revolution.<ref name="Cliff39"/> At the end of the novel, both Napoleon and Pilkington draw the Ace of Spades (which in most games, is the highest-ranking card) at the same time and begin fighting loudly, symbolising the beginning of tension between the U.S. and Soviet superpowers.

''''Mr Whymper'''' is a man hired by Napoleon to represent ''Animal Farm'' in human society. He is loosely based on Western intellectuals such as [[George Bernard Shaw]] and, especially, [[Lincoln Steffens]], who visited the U.S.S.R. in 1919.

===Horses===
There are three main horse characters: '''Clover & Boxer''' and '''Mollie the mare'''.

'''[[Boxer (Animal Farm)|Boxer]]''' is one of the main characters. He is the tragic symbol of the working class, or [[proletariat]]: loyal, kind, dedicated, and physically the strongest animal on the farm, but naïve and slow. His [[ignorance]] and blind [[Trust (social sciences)|trust]] towards his leaders leads to his death and their profit. In particular, his heroic physical work represents the [[Stakhanovite]] movement. His maxim of "I will work harder" is reminiscent of Jurgis Rudkus from the [[Upton Sinclair]] novel ''[[The Jungle]]''. His second maxim, "Napoleon is always right" is an example of the propaganda used by Squealer to control the animals. It was not adopted until later in the book. Boxer's work ethic is often praised by the pigs, and he is set as a prime example to the other animals. When Boxer is injured, and can no longer work, Napoleon sends him off to the knacker's and deceives the other animals, saying that Boxer died peacefully in the hospital. When the animals cannot work, Napoleon tosses them aside, for they mean nothing to him.

'''Clover''' is Boxer's companion and a fellow draft horse. She helps and cares for Boxer when he splits his [[hoof]]. She blames herself for forgetting the original [[Seven Commandments]] when Squealer had actually revised them. Clover is compassionate, as is shown when she protects the baby ducklings during Major's speech; albeit made out to be somewhat vain in the opening of the novel by the narrator, who remarks that she never "recovered" her figure after giving birth to her fourth foal. She is also upset when animals are executed by the dogs, and is held in great [[respect]] by three younger horses who ultimately replace Boxer.

'''Mollie''' is a self-centred and vain white mare who likes wearing ribbons in her mane, eating [[sugar]] cubes (which represent luxury) and being pampered and groomed by humans. She represents upper-class people, the [[bourgeoisie]] and [[Russian nobility|nobility]] who fled to the West after the [[Russian Revolution of 1917|Russian Revolution]] and effectively dominated the [[Russian diaspora]]. Accordingly, she quickly leaves for another farm and is only once mentioned again.

===Other animals===
'''[[Benjamin (Animal Farm)|Benjamin]]''' is a wise old [[donkey]] that shows slight emotion and is one of the longest surviving of the Manor Farm animals; he is alive to the very last scene of the book. The animals often ask him about his lack of expression but he always answers with: 'Donkeys live a long life. None of you have ever seen a dead donkey.' Benjamin can also read as well as any pig, but rarely displays his ability. He is a dedicated friend to Boxer and is sorely upset when Boxer is taken away. Benjamin has known about the pigs' wrongdoing the entire time, though he says nothing to the other animals. He represents the cynics in society. It has also been speculated that Benjamin could also represent the role of Jews in society, although this is unlikely since so many of the early supporters of the Russian Revolution were Jews. Another possibility is that Benjamin is an allegory for intellectuals who have the wisdom to stay clear of the purges. Yet another possibility is that Benjamin is an allegory of [[George Orwell|the author himself]].

'''Muriel''' is a wise, old [[goat]] who is friends with all the animals on the farm. She, like Benjamin and Snowball, is one of the few animals on the farm who can read (with some difficulty, she has to spell the words out first) which helps Clover know that the Seven Commandments have been surreptitiously changed throughout the story. She possibly represents the same category as Benjamin. The only difference is that she dies at the end of the book due to age.

The '''Puppies''', who were raised by Napoleon to be his security force may be a reference to the fact that a major factor in [[Stalin]]'s rise to power was his appointment as General Secretary of the Communist Party by [[Lenin]] in 1922, in which role he used his powers of appointment, promotion and demotion to pack the party quietly with his own supporters. He did this so effectively that [[Lenin's Testament]] eventually called for Stalin's removal from this post. Lenin's request was ignored by the leading members of the Politburo - most notably [[Trotsky]], represented in the novel by Snowball. The puppies represent Stalin's secret police.

'''Moses the [[Raven]]''' is an old bird that occasionally visits the farm with tales of Sugarcandy Mountain, where he says animals go when they die, but only if they work hard. He represents religion, specifically the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], which is banned when the pigs come to power. His religious persona is exacerbated by the fact that he is named after [[Moses|a biblical character]]. He leaves after the rebellion, for all animals are supposed to be equal, and religion is not part of equality, but returns later in the novel because he convinces the animals to work harder. Nobody does anything to harm Moses, due to the fact that all animals (and Moses being an animal) are equal. In the end, he is one of few animals to remember the rebellion, along with Clover, Benjamin, and the pigs.

The '''[[Sheep]]''' represented the masses, manipulated to support Stalin in spite of his treachery. They show limited intelligence and understanding of the situations but support Napoleon and regularly chant "Four legs good, Two legs bad" and distract people.

The '''[[Rats]]''' may have represented some of the nomadic people in the far north of the [[USSR]].

The '''[[Chickens|Hens]]''' may have represented the [[Kulaks]] as they destroy their eggs rather than hand them over to Napoleon, just as during [[Collectivization in the Soviet Union|collectivisation]] some Kulaks destroyed machinery or killed their livestock.

The '''[[Cat]]''' represents laziness (for she, along with Mollie, did not do any work on the farm)

==Significance==
The [[allegory]] that the book employs allows for reader interpretation on a number of levels:

[[George Orwell]] wrote the book following his experiences during the [[Spanish Civil War]], which are described in another of his books, ''[[Homage to Catalonia]]''. He intended it to be a strong condemnation of what he saw as the [[Stalinist]] corruption of the original [[socialism|socialist]] ideals. For the preface of a Ukrainian edition he prepared in 1947, Orwell described what gave him the idea of setting the book on a farm:<ref>[[#Or|Orwell 1947]]</ref>
{{quote|...I saw a little boy, perhaps ten years old, driving a huge carthorse along a narrow path, whipping it whenever it tried to turn. It struck me that if only such animals became aware of their strength we should have no power over them, and that men exploit animals in much the same way as the rich exploit the proletariat.}}

This Ukrainian edition was an early propaganda use of the book. It was printed to be distributed among the Soviet citizens of Ukraine who were some of the many millions of [[displaced persons]] throughout Europe at the end of the Second World War. The American occupation forces considered the edition to be propaganda printed on illegal presses, and handed 1,500 confiscated copies of ''Animal Farm'' over to the Soviet authorities. The politics in the book also affected the UK, with Orwell reporting that [[Ernest Bevin]] was "terrified".<ref>Letter to [[Herbert Read]], 18 August, 1945</ref> that it may cause embarrassment if published before the [[United Kingdom general election, 1945|1945 general election]].

In recent years, the book has been used to compare new movements that overthrow heads of a corrupt and undemocratic government or organisation, only eventually to become corrupt and oppressive themselves as they succumb to the trappings of power and begin using violent and dictatorial methods to keep it. Such analogies have been used for many former African colonies such as [[Zimbabwe]] and [[Democratic Republic of Congo|the Democratic Republic of the Congo]], whose succeeding African-born rulers were accused of being as corrupt as, or worse than, the European colonists they supplanted.

The book also clearly ponders whether a focus of power in one person is healthy for a society. The book leaves the ending slightly ambiguous in this regard.

[[Image:Animalism flag.svg|thumb|200px|Version of Horn and Hoof Flag, based on [[hammer and sickle]].]]

==British censorship and suppressed preface==
During [[World War II]] it became apparent to Orwell that anti-Russian literature was not something which most major publishing houses would touch — including his regular publisher [[Victor Gollancz Ltd|Gollancz]]. One publisher he sought rejected his book on the grounds of government advice — although the assumed civil servant who gave the order was later found to be a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[spy]].<ref>[[#Ta|Taylor page 337]] Writing to Leonard Moore, a partner in the literary agency of Christy & Moore, publisher "Jonathan Cape explained that the decision had been taken on the advice of a senior official in the Ministry of Information. Such flagrant anti-Soviet bias was unacceptable: and the choice of pigs as the dominant class was thought to be especially offensive. The 'important official' was, or so it may reasonably be assumed, a man named [[Peter Smollett]], later unmasked as a Soviet agent."</ref>

Orwell originally wrote a preface which complains about British government suppression of his book, self-imposed British self-censorship and how the British people were suppressing criticism of the USSR, their World War II ally. "The sinister fact about literary [[censorship]] in England is that it is largely voluntary.&nbsp;... &#91;Things are&#93; kept right out of the British press, not because the Government intervened but because of a general tacit agreement that 'it wouldn't do' to mention that particular fact." Somewhat [[irony|ironically]],<!-- editorialising? --> the preface itself was censored and is not published with most editions of the book.<ref>[[#Ba|Bailey83221]] (Bailey83221 includes a preface and two cites: 1995-08-26 The Guardian page 28; 1995-08-26 New Statesman & Society 8 (366): 11. ISSN: 0954-2361)</ref><ref>[[#Dag|Dag 2004]]</ref>



==Controversies==
* The estate of Orwell declared itself "hostile" to the publication of ''[[Snowball's Chance]]'', a 2002 parody of ''Animal Farm'' by U.S. author [[John Reed (novelist)|John Reed]].<ref>[[#War|Warren]]</ref><ref>[[#Tel|Telegraph]]</ref><ref>[[#Smi|Smith]]</ref><ref>[[#Str|Strausbaugh]]</ref>

==Cultural references==
{{main|Animal Farm in popular culture}}

References to the novella are frequent in other works of popular culture, particularly in popular music and television series.


== Adaptions ==

Animal farm has been adapted to film twice. [[Animal Farm (1954 film)|The first]] was an animated feature and [[Animal Farm (1999 film)|the second]] was a TV live action version.

==Editions==
* ISBN 0-451-51679-6 (paperback, 1956, Signet Classic)
* ISBN 0-582-02173-1 ([[paper text]], 1989)
* ISBN 0-15-107255-8 ([[hardcover]], 1990)
* ISBN 0-582-06010-9 (paper text, 1991)
* ISBN 0-679-42039-8 (hardcover, 1993)
* ISBN 0-606-00102-6 ([[prebound]], 1996)
* ISBN 0-15-100217-7 (hardcover, 1996, Anniversary Edition)
* ISBN 0-452-27750-7 ([[paperback]], 1996, Anniversary Edition)
* ISBN 0-451-52634-1 ([[mass market paperback]], 1996, Anniversary Edition)
* ISBN 0-582-53008-3 (1996)
* ISBN 1-56000-520-3 ([[cloth text]], 1998, Large Type Edition)
* ISBN 0-7910-4774-1 (hardcover, 1999)
* ISBN 0-451-52536-1 (paperback, 1999)
* ISBN 0-7641-0819-0 (paperback, 1999)
* ISBN 0-8220-7009-X ([[e-book]], 1999)
* ISBN 0-7587-7843-0 (hardcover, 2002)
* ISBN 0-15-101026-9 (hardcover, 2003, with ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]'')
* ISBN 0-452-28424-4 (paperback, 2003, Centennial Edition)
* ISBN 0-8488-0120-2 (hardcover)
* ISBN 0-03-055434-9 (hardcover) Animal Farm with Connections
* ISBN 0-395-79677-6 (hardcover) Animal Farm & Related Readings, 1997

==See also==
*''Anarchist Farm'', a sequel to ''Animal Farm'' by Jane Doe, III Publishing, 1996
*''[[Snowball's Chance]]'', a send-up of ''Animal Farm'' by [[John Reed (novelist)|John Reed]], Roof Books 2002
*''[[Władysław_Reymont#Communism|Bunt]]'', published in 1924, is a book with a theme similar to ''Animal Farm'' by [[Władysław Reymont]].

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==Citations==
<!-- in alphabetical order by last name or organisation name -->
{{refbegin}}
* <cite id="Ba">{{cite web
| author =Bailey83221
| date =2006-05-12
| title =Animal Farm suppression
| journal =[[LiveJournal]]
| url =http://bailey83221.livejournal.com/83481.html}}</cite>
* <cite id="Bo">{{cite book |title=Selected Writings |last=Bott |first=George |authorlink= |year=1968 |origyear=1958 |publisher=Heinemann Educational Books |location=London, Melbourne, Toronto, Singapore, Johannesburg, Hong Kong, Nairobi, Auckland, Ibadan |isbn=0-4351-3675-5 |pages=13-14, 23}}</cite>
* <cite id="Dag">{{cite web
| title =George Orwell: The Freedom of the Press
| last=Dag
| first=O.
| date=2004-12-19
| work =orwell.ru
| archiveurl =http://web.archive.org/web/20050306021634/http://orwell.ru/library/novels/Animal_Farm/english/efp_go
| archivedate=2005-03-06
| url =http://orwell.ru/library/novels/Animal_Farm/english/efp_go
| accessdate=2008-07-31
}}</cite>
* <cite id="Dav">{{cite web |title=George Orwell: Animal Farm: A Fairy Story -- 'A Note on the Text' |last=Davison |first=Peter |authorlink= |year=2000 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |location=England |isbn= |pages= |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20061212041856/http://www.orwell.ru/library/novels/Animal_Farm/english/eint_pd
|archivedate=2006-12-12 |url=http://www.orwell.ru/library/novels/Animal_Farm/english/eint_pd}}</cite>
* <cite id="Doo">{{cite web |author=doollee.com |url=http://www.doollee.com/PlaywrightsW/WooldridgeIan.htm |title=Wooldridge Ian - playwright |accessdate=2008-07-31}}</cite>
* <cite id="Gr">{{cite web |last=Grossman |first=Lev |coauthors=Richard Lacayo |url=http://www.time.com/time/2005/100books/the_complete_list.html |title=The Complete List / TIME Magazine - ALL-TIME 100 Novels |publisher=TIME magazine |year=2005 |accessdate=2008-08-31}}</cite>
* <cite id="Hitch">{{cite book |last=Hitchens |first= Christopher |title=Unacknowledged Legislation: Writers in the Public Sphere |pages=38 |url=http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=RBGmrDnBs8UC&hl=en |publisher=Verso |accessdate=2008-09-26}}</cite>
* <cite id="Low">{{cite web |url=http://www.defensetech.org/archives/002229.html |title=Defense Tech: CIA, Movie Producer |author=Christian Lowe (editor) |date=2006-03-10 |accessdate=2008-07-31}}</cite>
* <cite id="Mo">{{cite book |last=Moran |first= Daniel |title=Critical Essays - Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution |pages=39 |url=http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/LitNote/id-12,pageNum-39.html |publisher=[[CliffsNotes]] |accessdate=2008-08-31}}</cite>
* <cite id="Or">{{cite web |last=Orwell |first=George |date=March 1947 |url=http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/essays/ukrainian-af-pref.htm |title=Preface to the Ukrainian Edition of Animal Farm}}</cite>
* <cite id="Smi">{{cite journal
|last=Smith
|first=Dinitia
|title=A Pig Returns to the Farm, Thumbing His Snout at Orwell
|date=[[2002-11-25]]
|url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40711FB3A5D0C768EDDA80994DA404482
|work=Arts
|accessdate=2008-07-31
}}</cite>
*<cite id="Str">{{cite web
|title=Return to Animal Farm
|last=Strausbaugh
|first=John
|url=http://nypress.com/15/40/news&columns/publishing.cfm
|work=NEWS & COLUMNS
|accessdate=2008-07-31}}</cite>
* <cite id="Ta">{{cite book
| last =Taylor
| first =David John
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| year =2003
| title =Orwell: The Life
| pages =197
| publisher =H. Holt
| location =
| id =ISBN 0-8050-7473-2}}</cite>
* <cite id="Tel">{{cite journal
|title=Kill the beavers!
|author=[[The Daily Telegraph|telegraph.co.uk]]
|date=2002-11-27
|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2002/11/27/dl2703.xml
|work=Opinion
|accessdate=2008-07-31}}</cite>
* <cite id="War">{{cite journal |last=Warren |first=Marcus |title=Animal Farm parody 'exploits Orwell' |date=2002-11-26 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070814055317/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2002/11/27/wfarm27.xml&sSheet=/news/2002/11/27/ixworld.html |archivedate=2007-08-14 |publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph|telegraph.co.uk]] |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2002/11/27/wfarm27.xml&sSheet=/news/2002/11/27/ixworld.html |accessdate=2008-07-31}}</cite>
* <cite id="Woo">{{cite web |last=Woolridge |first=Ian |url=http://www.ian-wooldridge.com/animalfarm.php |title=Ian Wooldridge - Animal Farm |accessdate=2008-07-31}}</cite>
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
*<div id="WTA">{{wta|id=220121|name=Miroslava Vavrinec}}</div>
{{wikiquote}}
*[http://www.mensvogue.com/health/feature/slideshows/2007/04/roger_federer Slideshow of Roger Federer with Vavrinec]
* {{Gutenberg Australia|no =ebooks01/0100011|name = Animal Farm|html = yes}}
* [http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/essays/letters-agent-af.htm Excerpts from Orwell's letters to his agent concerning Animal Farm]
* [http://www.asiaing.com/animal-farm-by-george-orwell.html ''Animal Farm'' By George Orwell] - Free eBook in PDF format.
* [http://www.chalkfarm.org.uk/orwell.html Chalk Farm, the setting for Manor Farm in Willingdon, Eastbourne.]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=SGAZdjNfruYC Entire text as scanned pages online]
* [http://literapedia.wikispaces.com/Animal+Farm ''Animal Farm'' Book Notes] from Literapedia
* [http://histoforum.digischool.nl/lesmateriaal/animalfarmextra.htm Learning Activities]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Vavrinec, Miroslava}}
{{Animal Farm}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People of Slovak descent]]
[[Category:Swiss of Slovak descent]]
[[Category:Swiss tennis players]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2000 Summer Olympics]]


{{Switzerland-sport-bio-stub}}
[[Category:1945 novels]]
{{euro-tennis-bio-stub}}
[[Category:Animal Farm]]
[[Category:Books critical of communism and communists]]
[[Category:Literature featuring anthropomorphic characters]]
[[Category:Novellas]]
[[Category:Novels by George Orwell]]
[[Category:Allegory]]
[[Category:Hugo Award Winner for Best Novella]]
[[Category:Roman à clef novels]]
[[Category:Satirical novels]]


[[cs:Miroslava Vavrincová]]
[[ar:مزرعة الحيوانات]]
[[de:Miroslava Vavrinec]]
[[an:Rebelión en torre animal]]
[[fr:Miroslava Vavrinec]]
[[bn:অ্যানিম্যাল ফার্ম]]
[[bs:Životinjska farma]]
[[it:Miroslava Vavrinec]]
[[hu:Miroslava Vavrinec]]
[[bg:Фермата на животните]]
[[pl:Miroslava Vavrinec]]
[[ca:La rebel·lió dels animals]]
[[ceb:Animal Farm]]
[[sk:Miroslava Vavrincová]]
[[cs:Farma zvířat]]
[[da:Kammerat Napoleon]]
[[de:Farm der Tiere]]
[[es:Rebelión en la granja]]
[[eo:Besto-Bieno]]
[[eu:Abereen etxaldea]]
[[fa:مزرعهٔ حیوانات]]
[[fr:La Ferme des animaux]]
[[ga:Animal Farm]]
[[gl:A revolta dos animais]]
[[ko:동물 농장]]
[[hr:Životinjska farma]]
[[io:Animal-Farmeyo]]
[[id:Animal Farm]]
[[is:Dýrabær]]
[[it:La fattoria degli animali]]
[[he:חוות החיות]]
[[ka:ცხოველთა ფერმა (იგავი)]]
[[la:Animal Farm]]
[[lv:Dzīvnieku ferma]]
[[lt:Gyvulių ūkis]]
[[hu:Állatfarm]]
[[ms:Ladang Binatang]]
[[nl:Animal Farm]]
[[ja:動物農場]]
[[no:Kamerat Napoleon]]
[[pl:Folwark zwierzęcy]]
[[pt:Animal Farm]]
[[ru:Скотный двор (повесть Джорджа Оруэлла)]]
[[simple:Animal Farm]]
[[sk:Zvieracia farma]]
[[sl:Živalska farma]]
[[sh:Životinjska farma]]
[[fi:Eläinten vallankumous]]
[[sv:Djurfarmen]]
[[vi:Trại súc vật]]
[[tr:Hayvanlar Çiftliği (roman)]]
[[zh:动物庄园]]

Revision as of 01:17, 14 October 2008

Mirka Federer
Country (sports) Switzerland
ResidenceWollerau, Switzerland [citation needed]
Height1.74 m (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Turned proJanuary 15, 1998
Retired2002
PlaysRight handed
Prize money$260,832
Singles
Career record202–159
Career titles0
Highest ranking76 (September 10, 2001)
Grand Slam singles results
Australian Open2nd round (2001)
French Open1st round (2001)
Wimbledon1st round (2001)
US Open3rd round (2001)
Doubles
Career record38–68
Career titles0
Highest rankingNo. 214 (August 24, 1998)
Last updated on: January 24, 2007.

Miroslava (Mirka) Vavrinec (born 1 April 1978 in Bojnice, Slovakia) is a former WTA tennis player from Switzerland, who retired from the game in 2002 after a foot injury. She is the girlfriend of former World No. 1 tennis player Roger Federer, having first met him at the Sydney Olympics in 2000. Since her retirement, Vavrinec is frequently photographed on the ATP circuit attending Federer's matches.

Vavrinec, born in Slovakia, emigrated to Switzerland when she was two years old. Her parents currently own a jewelry shop and reside in Schaffhausen.[3] In 1987, when Vavrinec was nine, her father took her to watch a tournament at Filderstadt in Germany. Vavrinec met Martina Navratilova, who thought she looked athletic and should try tennis. Navratilova later sent Vavrinec a racquet and arranged for her first tennis lesson.[4]

Footnotes

  1. ^ Miroslava Vavrinec French wikipedia page (en Francais)
  2. ^ WTA Profile
  3. ^ "Roger Federer's Girlfriend - Miroslava 'Mirka' Vavrinec", FedererMagic.blogspot.com
  4. ^ "Roger Federer: A smashing guy", Brian Viner, The Independent, July 2 2005

External links

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