Pat Nixon and Cove Rangers F.C.: Difference between pages
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{{Football club infobox | |
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{{Infobox First Lady |
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clubname = Cove Rangers | |
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| name = Thelma "Pat" Nixon |
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image = [[Image:Coverangersbadge.gif]]| |
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fullname = Cove Rangers Football Club | |
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| birth_date = {{birth date|mf=yes|1912|3|16}} |
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nickname = Rangers | |
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| birth_place = [[Ely, Nevada|Ely]], [[Nevada]], [[United States|U.S.]] |
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founded = 1922 | |
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| death_date ={{death date and age|mf=yes|1993|6|22|1912|3|16}} |
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ground = [[Allan Park, Aberdeen|Allan Park]] | |
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| death_place = [[Park Ridge, New Jersey|Park Ridge]], [[New Jersey]], [[United States|U.S.]] |
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capacity = 2300 | |
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| occupation = [[First Lady of the United States]] |
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chairman = | |
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| office1=[[First Lady of the United States]] |
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manager = John Sheran | |
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| term_start1=January 20, 1969 |
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league = [[Highland Football League]] | |
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| term_end1=August 9, 1974 |
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season = [[2007–08 in Scottish football|2007–08]] | |
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| predecessor1= [[Lady Bird Johnson]] |
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position = Highland Football League, 1st | |
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| successor1= [[Betty Ford]] |
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pattern_la1= _blueshoulders|pattern_b1=|pattern_ra1= _blueshoulders| |
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| office2=[[Wife of the Vice President of the United States|Wife of the Vice President of the<br>United States]] |
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leftarm1=FFFFFF|body1=0000FF|rightarm1=FFFFFF|shorts1=0000FF|socks1=0000FF| |
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| term_start2=January 20, 1953 |
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pattern_la2= _blueshoulders|pattern_b2=|pattern_ra2= _blueshoulders| |
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| term_end2=January 20, 1961 |
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leftarm2=FFFF00|body2=FFFF00|rightarm2=FFFF00|shorts2=0000FF|socks2=FFFF00| |
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| predecessor2= [[Jane Hadley Barkley]] |
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| successor2= [[Lady Bird Johnson]] |
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| spouse = [[Richard Nixon]] |
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| children = [[Tricia Nixon Cox|Tricia]], [[Julie Nixon Eisenhower|Julie]] |
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| parents = William Ryan, Sr. and Katherine Halberstadt |
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| religion = [[Methodist]] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Cove Rangers''' are a senior [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[football (soccer)|football]] club currently playing in the [[Highland Football League]]. They are based in [[Cove Bay, Aberdeen|Cove Bay]], a suburb of [[Aberdeen]] and play their football at [[Allan Park, Aberdeen|Allan Park]]. |
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The current manager is [[John Sheran]]. |
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'''Thelma Catherine''' "'''Pat'''" '''Ryan Nixon'''<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon">{{cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=38|title=First Lady Biography: Pat Nixon|accessdate= 2007-08-15|year= 2005|publisher= The National First Ladies Library}}</ref> (March 16, 1912 – June 22, 1993) was the wife of [[Richard Nixon]], 37th [[President of the United States]], and served as [[First Lady of the United States]] from 1969 to 1974. She was commonly known as '''Pat Nixon'''. |
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Cove were formed in 1922 and played in the local amateur leagues until 1985, when they became a [[junior football|junior]] team. However, the club applied and were accepted to the [[senior football|senior]] [[Highland Football League]] in 1986, where they have played ever since. They have racked up a formidable reputation in the lower rounds of the [[Scottish Cup]], reaching the 3rd round three times. In 2001 they won their first [[Highland Football League|Highland League]] championship - but even more impressively won the ''quadruple'' of [[Highland Football League|Highland League]], Aberdeenshire Shield, Scottish Qualifying Cup and [[Highland Football League Cup|League Cup]]. |
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Born in Nevada, Pat Ryan grew up in [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], [[California]]. She graduated from high school in 1929, then attended [[Fullerton Junior College]] and later the [[University of Southern California]]. She paid for her schooling by working multiple jobs, including pharmacy manager, typist, and [[X-ray technician]]. In 1940, she married lawyer Richard Nixon; they had two daughters. Pat campaigned for her husband in his successful [[United States Congress|congressional]] campaigns of 1946 and 1948. Richard Nixon was soon elected [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] under [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], and as his wife Pat undertook many missions of goodwill with her husband and gained favorable media coverage. She assisted her husband both in his unsuccessful [[United States presidential election, 1960|1960 presidential campaign]], and later his [[United States presidential election, 1968|successful campaign of 1968]]. |
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Cove were drawn against [[Edinburgh University]] football club in the 3rd round (proper) of the [[Scottish FA Cup]]. The tie took place at [[Allan Park, Aberdeen|Allan Park]] on Saturday, November 24th, 2007 with Cove winning 1–0 through a 90th minute goal from McKibben. |
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As First Lady, Pat Nixon promoted a number of charitable causes, including [[volunteerism]]. She oversaw the collection of more than 600 pieces of historic art and furnishings for the [[White House]], an acquisition larger than that of any other administration. Pat became the most traveled First Lady in U.S. history up to that time, visiting about 80 nations; she was the first First Lady to enter a combat zone. These trips gained her favorable reception in the media and the host countries. Her tenure ended when, after being re-elected in a [[United States presidential election, 1972|landslide victory in 1972]], President Nixon resigned two years later amid the [[Watergate scandal]]. |
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Finally Cove were drawn against [[Ross County]] football club in the 4th round of the [[Scottish Cup]]. They finally bowed out after losing 4–2. |
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Her public appearances became less frequent in her later life. She and her husband returned to [[California]], and later moved to [[New Jersey]]. Pat suffered two [[stroke]]s—one in 1976 and another in 1983—and was later diagnosed with [[lung cancer]] in the early 1990s. She died in 1993 aged 81. |
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However that did not deter the south [[Aberdeen]] side from claiming their second ever [[Highland Football League|Highland League]] Championship with a 3–0 home win against [[Lossiemouth F.C.|Lossiemouth]] on the 3rd of May 2008. |
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==Early life== |
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Thelma Catherine Ryan was born in the small mining town of [[Ely, Nevada]], the day before [[St. Patrick's Day]]. Her father, William M. Ryan, Sr., was a sailor, gold miner, and [[market gardening|truck farmer]] of Irish descent. Her mother, Katherine Halberstadt, was a German immigrant.<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> |
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[[Cove Rangers]] were one of the clubs preparing an application for entry into the [[Scottish Football League]] following [[Gretna F.C.]] relinquishing their league status on 3rd June 2008. The other clubs were [[Spartans F.C.|Spartans]], [[Annan Athletic]], and [[Preston Athletic F.C.|Preston Athletic]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/g/gretna/7433470.stm Gretna relinquish league status], ''BBC Sports''. Retrieved on [[3 June]] [[2008]]</ref> Annan Athletic were eventually awarded the place, due to their superior facilities. |
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Pat was a nickname given to her by her father, referring to her birthdate and Irish ancestry.<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> Upon enrolling in college in 1931 she dropped her first name of Thelma, replacing it with Pat and occasionally rendering it as Patricia; the name change, however, was not a legal action, merely one of preference.<ref>{{cite news|author=Halloran, Richard|title=First Lady of the Land at 60: Thelma Catherine Ryan Nixon, Woman in the News|work=The New York Times|date=March 16, 1972|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Kinnard, Judith M.|title=Thelma Ryan's Rise: From White Frame to White House|work=The New York Times|date=August 20, 1971|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref><ref>As a teenager, she was also known as Buddy. Thelma Ryan's high-school yearbook page gives her nickname as Buddy and her ambition to run a boarding house. The page is reproduced as an illustration in the following article: Kinnard, Judith M., "Thelma Ryan's Rise: From White Frame to White House", ''The New York Times'', August 20, 1971</ref> |
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The club have started plans for a new stadium in preparation for a possible place in the SFL. |
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After her birth, the Ryan family moved near [[Los Angeles, California]], and in 1914 settled on a small truck farm in [[Artesia, California|Artesia]] (present-day [[Cerritos, California|Cerritos]]).<ref>{{cite news|title=First Lady Hailed on Return 'Home'|work=The New York Times|date=September 6, 1969|page=18|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> During this time she worked on the family farm, and also at a local bank as a janitor and bookkeeper. Her mother died of cancer in 1924.<ref name="nyt-obit">{{cite news|title=Pat Nixon, Former First Lady, Dies at 81|work=The New York Times|date=July 23, 1993|page=D22|accessdate=2007-11-09|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE5D7113AF930A15755C0A965958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2}}</ref> Pat, who was 12 at the time, assumed all the household duties for her father, who died in 1929 of [[silicosis]], and two older brothers, William Jr. (1910–1997) and Thomas (1911–1992). She also had a half-sister, Neva Bender (born 1909), and a half-brother, Matthew Bender (born 1907), from her mother's first marriage;<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> her mother's first husband had died during a [[flash flood]] in South Dakota.<ref name="First Lady Pat Nixon"/> |
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==Education and career== |
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It has been said that few, if any First Ladies worked as consistently before their marriage as did Pat Nixon.<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> As she told the writer [[Gloria Steinem]] during the 1968 presidential campaign, "I never had it easy. I never had time to think about things like ... who I wanted to be or whom I admired, or to have ideas. I never had time to dream about being anyone else. I had to work."<ref name="PN is the Ultimate Good Sport">{{cite news|author=Viorst, Judith|title=Pat Nixon Is the Ultimate Good Sport|work=The New York Times|date=September 13, 1970|page=SM13|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> |
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After graduating from Excelsior High School in 1929, Pat Ryan attended [[Fullerton College|Fullerton Junior College]]. She paid for her education by working odd jobs, including as a driver, a pharmacy manager, a telephone operator, and a typist.<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> She also earned money sweeping the floors of a local bank,<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> and from 1930 until 1932, she lived in New York City, working as a secretary and an [[X-ray technician]].<ref name="nyt-obit" /> |
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Determined "to make something out of myself",<ref name= "PN is the Ultimate Good Sport" /> she enrolled in 1931 at the [[University of Southern California]] (USC), where she majored in merchandising. As a former professor noted, "She stood out from the empty-headed, overdressed little sorority girls of that era like a good piece of literature on a shelf of cheap paperbacks."<ref name="silentpartner">{{cite news|title=The Silent Partner|work=Time|date=February 29, 1960|accessdate=2007-11-09|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,873226-1,00.html}}</ref> The young Ryan held part-time jobs on campus, worked as a sales clerk in [[Bullocks Wilshire|Bullock's-Wilshire]] department store, taught typing and shorthand at a high school,<ref name="nyt-obit"/> and supplemented her income by working as an extra in the film industry.<ref name="wh"/> She appeared as part of a brief walk-on in the 1935 film ''[[Becky Sharp (film)|Becky Sharp]]'', as well as the 1936 film ''[[The Great Ziegfeld]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0027698/fullcredits|title=The Great Ziegfeld (1936)|accessdate=2007-10-02|year= 2007|publisher=Internet Movie Database, Inc}}</ref> |
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In 1937, Pat Ryan graduated ''[[cum laude]]'' from USC with a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree in merchandising,<ref name="First Lady Pat Nixon"/> together with a certificate to teach at the [[high school]] level, which USC deemed equivalent to a [[Master's degree]].<ref>Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), p. 48</ref> Pat accepted a position as a high school teacher in [[Whittier, California]].<ref name="wh">{{cite web|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/firstladies/pn37.html|title=Patricia Ryan Nixon|accessdate=2008-08-01|publisher=The White House}}</ref> |
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==Marriage and family== |
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While in Whittier, Pat Ryan met a young lawyer fresh out of [[Duke University]], [[Richard Nixon|Richard Milhous Nixon]]. The two became acquainted at a Little Theater group when they were cast together in ''[[The Dark Tower]]''.<ref name="nyt-obit"/> Known as Dick, he asked Pat Ryan to marry him the first night they went out. "I thought he was nuts or something!" she recalled.<ref>{{cite news|title=Diplomat in High Heels: Thelma Ryan Nixon|work=The New York Times|date=July 28, 1959|page=11|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> He courted the redhead he called his "wild Irish Gypsy" for two years,<ref>Marton, Kati (2001), p. 173</ref> even driving her to and from her dates with other men. Eventually they married at the [[Mission Inn]] in [[Riverside, California]] on June 21, 1940. She said that she had been attracted to the young Nixon because he "was going places, he was vital and ambitious ... he was always doing things".<ref name= "PN is the Ultimate Good Sport"/> Later, referring to Richard Nixon, she said, "Oh but you just don’t realize how much fun he is! He’s just so much fun!"<ref name="os234"/> While Richard Nixon served in the [[U.S. Navy|Navy]] during [[World War II]], Pat worked as a government [[economist]] living in [[San Francisco]].<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> |
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Veteran [[United Press International|UPI]] reporter [[Helen Thomas]] suggested that in public, the Nixons "moved through life ritualistically", but privately, however, they were "very close".<ref name="csa172"/> In private, Richard Nixon was described as being "unabashedly sentimental", often praising Pat for her work, remembering anniversaries and surprising her with frequent gifts.<ref name="csa172"/> During state dinners, he ordered the protocol changed so that Pat could be served first.<ref name="csa173">Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 173</ref> Pat, in turn, felt that her husband was vulnerable and sought to protect him.<ref name="csa173"/> Of his critics, she said that "Lincoln had worse critics. He was big enough not to let it bother him. That's the way my husband is."<ref name="csa173"/> |
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===Early campaigns=== |
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Pat campaigned at her husband's side in 1946 when he entered politics, running successfully for a seat in the [[United States House of Representatives]]. That same year, she gave birth to a daughter and namesake, [[Patricia Nixon Cox|Patricia]], known as Tricia. In 1948, Pat had her second and last child, [[Julie Nixon Eisenhower|Julie]]. When asked about her husband's career, Pat once stated, "The only thing I could do was help him, but [politics] was not a life I would have chosen."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,942982,00.html|title=Pat Nixon: Steel and Sorrow|accessdate=2008-08-18|work=Time|date=August 19, 2008}}</ref> Pat participated in the campaign by doing research on his opponent, incumbent [[Jerry Voorhis]].<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> She also wrote and distributed campaign literature.<ref name="Encyclopedia Brittanica">{{cite encyclopedia| title =The American Presidency| encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica | publisher =Encyclopædia Britannica| year= 2007| accessdate = 2007-11-05}}</ref> Nixon was elected in his first campaign to represent [[California's 12th congressional district]]. During the next six years, Pat saw her husband move from the U.S. House of Representatives to the [[United States Senate]], and then be nominated as [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]'s [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]]ial candidate. |
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Although Pat Nixon was a [[Methodist]], she and her husband attended whichever [[Protestant Church]] was nearest to their home, especially after moving to Washington. They attended the Metropolitan Memorial Methodist Church because it sponsored her daughters' Brownie troop, occasional [[Baptist]] services with the Reverend Dr. [[Billy Graham]], and [[Norman Vincent Peale]]'s Marble Collegiate Church.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,844670-2,00.html|title=A Worshiper in the White House|accessdate= 2007-10-08|date=6|year= 1968|month= December|publisher=Time|pages=1–2}}</ref> |
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==Second Lady of the United States, 1953–1961== |
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[[Image:Nixons in Ghana 1957.jpg|thumb|right|Vice President and Mrs. Nixon during a visit to [[Ghana]], 1957]] |
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During the [[United States presidential election, 1952|Presidential campaign of 1952]] Pat Nixon's attitude toward politics changed when her husband was accused of accepting illegal campaign contributions. Pat encouraged him to fight the charges, and he did so by delivering the famed "[[Checkers Speech]]", so-called for the family's dog, a [[cocker spaniel]] given them by a political supporter. This was Pat's first national television appearance, and she, her daughters, and the dog were featured prominently. Defending himself as a man of the people, Nixon said of his wife, "I should say this, that Pat doesn't have a [[mink]] coat. But she does have a respectable [[U.S. Republican Party|Republican]] cloth coat, and I always tell her she would look good in anything."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/34_eisenhower/psources/ps_checkers.html|title=Richard Nixon's Checkers Speech|accessdate=2007-11-05|year=2002–2003|publisher=PBS}}</ref><ref>In 1968, however, a fashion writer of ''The New York Times'' noted that Pat Nixon had purchased a coat made of blonde mink and one of brown-and-black [[Persian lamb]] by the furrier Sidney Fink of Blum & Fink. {{cite news|author=Curtis, Charlotte|title=Fashion Spotlight Turns to New First Family|work=The New York Times|date=December 21, 1968|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> |
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Pat Nixon accompanied her husband abroad in his vice presidential years. She visited 53 nations, often bypassing luncheons and teas and instead visiting hospitals, orphanages, and even a [[leper colony]] in [[Panama]].<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> On a trip to [[Venezuela]], the Nixons' [[limousine]] was pelted with rocks and the couple was spat upon as representatives of the U.S. government.<ref name="silentpartner"/> |
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A November 1, 1958 article in the ''[[Seattle Times]]'' was typical of the media's favorable coverage of the future First Lady, stating that "Mrs. Nixon is always reported to be gracious and friendly. And she sure is friendly. She greets a stranger as a friend. She doesn't just shake hands but clasps a visitor's hand in both her hands. Her manner is direct ... Mrs. Nixon also upheld her reputation of always looking neat, no matter how long her day has been." A year and a half later, during her husband's campaign for the presidency, ''[[The New York Times]]'' called her "a paragon of wifely virtues" whose "efficiency makes other women feel slothful and untalented".<ref>{{cite news|author=Bender, Marylin|title=Pat Nixon: A Diplomat in High Heels|work=The New York Times|date=July 28, 1960|page=31|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> |
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Pat Nixon was named Outstanding Homemaker of the Year (1953), Mother of the Year (1955), and the Nation's Ideal Housewife (1957), and once admitted that she pressed all of her husband's suits one evening.<ref name= "PN is the Ultimate Good Sport"/> "Of course, I didn't have to," she told ''The New York Times'', "But when I don't have work to do, I just think up some new project." |
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==Her husband's campaigns—1960, 1962 and 1968== |
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Vice President Nixon ran for President of the United States in [[United States presidential election, 1960|1960]] against then-Senator [[John F. Kennedy]]. Pat was featured prominently in the campaign; an entire advertisement campaign was built around the slogan "Pat for First Lady".<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> Nixon conceded the election to Kennedy, although the race was very close and there were allegations of voter fraud.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/K/htmlK/kennedy-nixon/kennedy-nixon.htm|title=Kennedy-Nixon Presidential Debates, 1960|accessdate= 2007-10-08|author= Allen, Erika Tyner|publisher= Museum of Broadcast Communications}}</ref> Pat had urged her husband to demand a recount of votes, though Nixon declined.<ref name="os234">O'Brien, C.; Suteski, M. (2005), p. 234</ref> Pat was most upset about the television cameras, which recorded her reaction when her husband lost—"millions of television viewers witnessed her desperate fight to hold a smile upon her lips as her face came apart and the bitter tears flowed from her eyes", as one reporter put it.<ref name= "PN is the Ultimate Good Sport"/> This permanently dimmed Pat Nixon's view of politics.<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> |
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In 1962, the Nixons embarked on another campaign, this time for [[Governor of California]]. Prior to Richard Nixon's announcement of his candidacy, Pat's brother Tom Ryan said, "Pat told me that if Dick ran for governor she was going to take her shoe to him."<ref name="Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), p. 205-206">Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), pp. 205–206</ref> She eventually agreed to another run, citing that it meant a great deal to her husband,<ref name="Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), p. 205-206"/> but Richard Nixon lost the gubernatorial election to [[Pat Brown]]. |
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Six years later, Richard Nixon ran again for the presidency. Pat was reluctant to face another campaign, her eighth since 1946.<ref name="jne235237">Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), pp. 235, 237</ref> Although she supported her husband in his career, she feared another "1960", when Nixon lost to Kennedy.<ref name="jne235237"/> She consented, however, and participated in the campaign by traveling on campaign trips with her husband.<ref>Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), p. 236</ref> Richard Nixon would make a political comeback with his presidential victory of [[United States presidential election, 1968|1968]] over Vice-President [[Hubert Humphrey]]—and the country would have a new First Lady. |
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==First Lady of the United States, 1969–1974== |
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===Major initiatives=== |
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Pat Nixon felt that the First Lady should always set a public example of high virtue as a symbol of dignity, but she refused to revel in the trappings of the position.<ref name="csa165">Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 165</ref> When considering ideas for a project as First Lady, Pat refused to do (or be) something simply to emulate her predecessor, [[Lady Bird Johnson]].<ref>Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 168</ref> She decided to continue what she called "personal diplomacy", which meant traveling and visiting people in other states or other nations.<ref>Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), p. 254</ref> |
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[[Image:NIXONinaugurationday.gif|thumb|left|Pat Nixon holds the Ryan and Nixon family Bibles as her husband is sworn in, January 20, 1969]] |
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One of her major initiatives as First Lady was the promotion of volunteerism, in which she encouraged Americans to address social problems at the local level through volunteering at hospitals, civic organizations, and rehabilitation centers.<ref name= "PN Biography: Richard Nixon Library">{{cite web |url=http://www.nixonfoundation.org/index.php?src=gendocs&link=PNbio|title=Biography of First Lady Pat Nixon|accessdate= 2007-10-08|year= 2005|publisher= Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace Foundation}}</ref> She stated, "Our success as a nation depends on our willingness to give generously of ourselves for the welfare and enrichment of the lives of others."<ref name="csa177">Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 177</ref> She undertook a "Vest Pockets for Volunteerism" trip, where she visited ten different volunteer programs.<ref name="csa177"/> Susan Porter, in charge of the First Lady's scheduling, noted that Pat "saw volunteers as unsung heroes who hadn't been encouraged or given credit for their sacrifices and who needed to be".<ref name="csa177"/> Her second volunteerism tour—she traveled {{convert|4130|mi|km|0}} within the United States—helped to boost the notion that not all students were protesting the [[Vietnam War]].<ref>Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 181</ref> She herself belonged to several volunteer groups, including Women in Community Services and Urban Services League,<ref name="csa177"/> and was an advocate of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973,<ref name="First Lady Pat Nixon"/> a bill that encouraged volunteerism by providing benefits to a number of volunteer organizations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=3984|title=Richard Nixon: Statement on Signing the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973|date=October 1, 1973|accessdate=2008-08-19|publisher=The American Presidency Project}}</ref> |
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Additionally, Pat became involved in the development of recreation areas and parkland, was a member of the President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped, and lent her support to organizations dedicated to improving the lives of handicapped children.<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> For her first [[Thanksgiving]] in the White House, Pat organized a meal for 225 senior citizens who did not have families.<ref name="csa178">Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 178</ref> The following year, she invited wounded servicemen to a second annual Thanksgiving meal in the White House.<ref name="csa178"/> Though presidents since [[George Washington]] had been issuing Thanksgiving proclamations, Pat became the only First Lady to issue one.<ref name="csa178"/> |
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===Life in the White House=== |
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[[Image:Pat Nixon greets White House visitors 1969.png|right|thumb|Pat Nixon greets young White House visitors, 1969.]] |
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After her husband was elected president in 1968, Mrs. Nixon met with the outgoing First Lady Lady Bird Johnson and toured the private quarters of the White House on December 12.<ref>Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), pp. 260, 264</ref> Eventually she asked Sarah Jackson Doyle—an interior decorator who had worked for the Nixons since 1965 and who decorated the family's 10-room apartment on [[Fifth Avenue]] in [[New York City|New York]] with French and English antiques—to serve as a design consultant.<ref>{{cite news|author=Reif, Rita|title=A Decorator for Nixons Gives Julie A Bit of Help|work=The New York Times|date=November 30, 1968|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> She hired Clement Conger from the [[United States Department of State|State Department]] to be the Executive Mansion's new curator.<ref>Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), pp. 261, 263</ref> |
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Pat Nixon had an interest in adding artifacts to the Executive Mansion, and built on [[Jacqueline Kennedy]]'s more publicized efforts. She added more than 600 paintings and furnishings to the White House and its collections, the largest number of acquisitions by any administration.<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> She created the [[Map Room (White House)|Map Room]] and renovated the China room, and refurbished nine others.<ref name="csa188"/> She worked with engineers to develop an exterior lighting system for the entire White House, literally making it glow a soft white.<ref name="csa188"/> She ordered the flag flown, day and night, even when the president was not there.<ref name="csa188"/> |
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She ordered pamphlets describing the rooms of the house for tourists so they could understand everything, and had them translated into Spanish, French, Italian and Russian for foreigners.<ref name="csa188"/> She had ramps installed for the handicapped and physically disabled. Pat instructed the police who served as tour guides to attend sessions at [[Winterthur]] (to learn how tours were guided "in a real museum"),<ref name="csa188"/> and arranged for them to wear less menacing uniforms, with their guns hidden underneath.<ref name="csa188"/> The tour guides were to speak slowly to deaf groups, to help those who lip-read, and Pat ordered that the blind be able to touch the antiques.<ref name="csa188"/> |
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[[Image:Pat Nixon flowers.gif|thumb|left|Pat works with a florist on flower settings, December 1970.]] |
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The First Lady had long been irritated with the perception that the White House was exclusively for the wealthy and famous:<ref name="csa188">Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 188</ref> she would routinely come down from the family quarters to greet tourists, shake hands, sign autographs, and pose for photos.<ref name="csa187"/> She opened the White House for evening tours so that the public could see the interior design work that had been implemented. In addition, she instituted a series of performances by artists at the White House in varied American traditions, from opera to [[bluegrass music|bluegrass]]; among the guests were [[The Carpenters]] in 1972. These events, however, were described as ranging from "creative to indifferent, to downright embarrassing".<ref name= "PN is the Ultimate Good Sport"/> When they entered the White House in 1969, the Nixons began inviting families to non-denominational Sunday church services in the [[East Room]] of the White House.<ref name="csa188"/> Mrs. Nixon also oversaw the White House wedding of her daughter, Tricia, to Edward Ridley Finch Cox in 1971.<ref>{{cite news|author=Krebs, Alvin|title=More on the Wedding|work=The New York Times|date=May 11, 1972|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> |
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She spoke out in favor of women running for political office and encouraged her husband to nominate a woman to the [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]], saying "woman power is unbeatable; I've seen it all across this country".<ref name="cc-nyt">{{cite news|author=Curtis, Charlotte|title=Pat Nixon: 'Creature Comforts Don't Matter'|work=The New York Times|date=July 3, 1968|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> She was the first of the American First Ladies to publicly support the [[Equal Rights Amendment]],<ref>Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 194</ref>, though her views on abortion were mixed. Following the Court's 1973 ''[[Roe vs. Wade]]'' decision, Pat stated she was [[pro-choice]].<ref name="First Lady Pat Nixon"/> However in 1972, she said, "I'm really not for abortion. I think it's a personal thing. I mean abortion on demand—wholesale."<ref>{{cite news|title=Mrs. Nixon Asserts Jane Fonda Should Bid Hanoi End War|work=The New York Times|date=August 9, 1972|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> |
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In 1972, Pat became the first Republican First Lady to address a [[1972 Republican National Convention|national convention]].<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> Her efforts in the 1972 reelection campaign—traveling across the country and speaking on behalf of her husband—were copied by future candidates' spouses.<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> |
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===Travels=== |
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[[Image:Pat Nixon in combat zone.jpg|thumb|right|Escorted by armed guards, Pat (far right) arrives via helicopter on the ground in [[South Vietnam]]. It was the first time a first lady had entered a [[war zone|combat zone]].]] |
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[[Image:NIXONSonthegreatwall.gif|thumb|right|The Nixons on the [[Great Wall of China]] during their historic trip, 1972]] |
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Pat Nixon held the record as the most-traveled First Lady before [[Hillary Rodham Clinton]].<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> In President Nixon's first term, Pat traveled to 39 of 50 states, and in the first year alone, shook hands with a quarter of a million people.<ref>O'Brien, C.; Suteski, M. (2005), p. 239</ref> She undertook many missions of goodwill to foreign nations as well. Her first foreign trip took in Guam, India, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Pakistan, Romania, and England.<ref name="csa171">Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 171</ref> On such trips, Pat refused to be serviced by an entourage, feeling that they were an unnecessary barrier and a burden for taxpayers.<ref name="csa171"/> Soon after, during a trip to [[South Vietnam]], Pat became the first First Lady to enter a combat zone.<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> She had tea with the wife of President [[Nguyễn Văn Thiệu]] in a palace, visited an orphanage, and lifted off in an open-door helicopter—armed by military guards with machine guns—to witness U.S. troops fighting in a jungle below.<ref name="csa171"/> She would later admit to experiencing a "moment of fear going into a battle zone", because, as author and historian Carl Sferrazza Anthony noted, "Pat Nixon was literally in a line of fire."<ref name="csa171"/> She later visited an army hospital, where, for two hours, she walked through the wards and spoke with each wounded patient.<ref name="csa172">Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 172</ref> The First Lady of South Vietnam, Madame Thieu, said Pat Nixon's trip "intensified our morale".<ref name="csa172"/> |
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After hearing in 1970 about an earthquake causing an avalanche and additional destruction in [[Peru]], Pat initiated a "volunteer American relief drive" and flew to the country, where she aided in taking relief supplies to earthquake victims.<ref>Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 185</ref> She toured damaged regions and embraced homeless townspeople; they trailed her as she climbed up hills of rubble and under fallen beams.<ref>Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 186</ref> Her trip was heralded in newspapers around the world for her acts of compassion and disregard for her personal safety or comfort,<ref name= "PN is the Ultimate Good Sport"/> and her presence was a direct boost to political relations. One Peruvian official commented: "Her coming here meant more than anything else President Nixon could have done,"<ref name="csa187"/> and an editorial in Peru's ''Lima Prensa'' said that Peruvians could never forget Pat Nixon.<ref name="csa187">Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 187</ref> [[Fran Lewine]] of the [[Associated Press]] wrote that no First Lady had ever undertaken a "mercy mission" resulting in such "diplomatic side effects".<ref name="csa187"/> On the trip, the Peruvian government presented her with the [[Order of the Sun|Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun]], the highest Peruvian distinction and the oldest such honor in the Americas.<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> |
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She became the first First Lady to visit Africa in 1972, on a {{convert|10000|mi|km|0|adj=on}}, eight-day journey to [[Ghana]], [[Liberia]], and the [[Ivory Coast]].<ref name="csa196">Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 196</ref> Upon arrival to Liberia, Pat was honored with a 19-gun salute, a tribute reserved only for heads of government, and she reviewed troops.<ref name="csa196"/> She later donned a traditional native costume and danced with locals. She was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Most Venerable Order of Knighthood, Liberia's highest honor.<ref name="csa196"/> In Ghana, she again danced with local residents, and addressed the nation's [[congress]].<ref name="csa196"/> At the Ivory Coast, she was met by a quarter of a million people shouting "''Vive Madame Nixon!''"<ref name="csa196"/> She conferred with leaders of all three African nations.<ref name="csa196"/> Upon her return home, White House staffer [[Charles Colson]] sent a memo to the President reading in part, "Mrs. Nixon has now broken through where we have failed ... People—men and women—identify with her, and in return with you."<ref name="csa197">Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 197</ref> |
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Another notable journey was the [[Nixon visit to China 1972|Nixon's historic visit]] to the [[People's Republic of China]] in 1972. While President Nixon was in meetings, Pat toured through [[Peking]] in her red coat. According to Carl Sferrazza Anthony, China was Pat Nixon's "moment", her turning point as an acclaimed First Lady in the United States.<ref name="csa199200">Anthony, C. S. (1991), pp. 199–200</ref> She accompanied her husband to the Nixon–[[Leonid Brezhnev|Brezhnev]] summit meetings in the [[Soviet Union]] later in the year. Though security constraints left her unable to walk freely through the streets as she did in China, Pat was still able to visit with children and walk arm-in-arm with Soviet First Lady Victoria Brezhnev.<ref name="csa199200"/> Later, she visited [[Brazil]] and [[Venezuela]] in 1974 with the unique diplomatic standing of personal representative of the president. The Nixons' last major trip was in June 1974, to Austria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Israel, and Jordan.<ref name="csa215">Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 215</ref> |
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===Fashion and style=== |
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[[Image:Pat Nixon poses 1970.gif|thumb|right|Pat Nixon posing in the [[White House]], 1970]] |
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The fashion press tends to take special interest in First Ladies. The traditional role of a First Lady as the nation's hostess puts her personal appearance and style under scrutiny, and the attention to Mrs. Nixon was lively. ''[[Women's Wear Daily]]'' stated that Pat had a "good figure and good posture", as well as "the best-looking legs of any woman in public life today".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,900581,00.html|title=Redoing Pat|accessdate=2008-07-25|work=Time|date=January 24, 1969}}</ref> Some fashion writers tended to have a lackluster opinion of her well tailored, but nondescript, American-made clothes. "I consider it my duty to use American designers", she said,<ref>{{cite news|author=Weinman, Martha|title=First Ladies—In Fashion, Too?|work=The New York Times|date=September 11, 1960}}</ref> and favored them because, "they are now using so many materials which are great for traveling because they're non crushable".<ref>Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 192</ref> She preferred to buy readymade garments rather than made-to-order outfits. "I'm a size 10," she told ''[[The New York Times]]''. "I can just walk in and buy. I've bought things in various stores in various cities. Only some of my clothes are by designers."<ref name="cc-nyt"/> She did, however, wear the custom work of some well-known talents, notably [[Geoffrey Beene]], at the suggestion of Clara Treyz, her personal shopper.<ref name="cc-nyt"/> Many fashion observers concluded that Pat Nixon did not greatly advance the cause of American fashion. Nixon's yellow-satin inaugural gown by Harvey Berin was criticized as "a schoolteacher on her night out", but Treyz defended her wardrobe selections by saying, "Mrs. Nixon must be ladylike."<ref>{{cite news|title=Pat's Wardrobe Mistress|work=Time|date=January 12, 1970|accessdate=2007-11-09|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,942153-2,00.html}}</ref><ref>Nixon also frequently wore wigs that replicated her short blonde hairstyle, especially on political trips when access to a hairdresser would be difficult. {{cite news|author=Curtis, Charlotte|title=Pat Nixon: 'Creature Comforts Don't Matter'|work=The New York Times|date=July 3, 1968|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> |
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Pat did not sport the outrageous fashions of the 1970s, because she was concerned about appearing conservatively dressed, especially as her husband's political star rose. "Always before, it was sort of fun to get some ... thing that was completely different, high-style", she told a reporter. "But this is not appropriate now. I avoid the spectacular."<ref>Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), p. 187</ref> |
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===Watergate=== |
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{{see|Watergate scandal}} |
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At the time the Watergate scandal broke to the media, Pat "barely noticed" the reports of a break-in at the [[Democratic National Committee]] headquarters.<ref name="csa201">Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 201</ref> Later, when asked by the press about Watergate, she replied curtly, "I know only what I read in the newspapers."<ref name="csa203">Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 203</ref> In 1974, when a reporter asked "Is the press the cause of the president's problems?", Pat shot back, "What problems?"<ref>Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 210</ref> Privately, Pat felt that the power within her husband's staff was increasing, so he was becoming more removed.<ref name="csa203"/> |
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[[Image:NIXONSandFORDS.jpg|thumb|left|The Fords escort the Nixons to a [[Marine One|waiting helicopter]] on Nixon's final day as president, August 9, 1974.]] |
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Pat Nixon did not know of the secret tape recordings her husband had made. Julie Nixon Eisenhower stated that the First Lady would have ordered the tapes destroyed immediately, had she known of their existence.<ref>Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), pp. 409–410</ref> Once she did learn of the tapes, she vigorously opposed making them public, and compared them to "private love letters—for one person alone".<ref>Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 214</ref> Believing in her husband's innocence, she also encouraged him not to resign and instead fight all the impeachment charges that were eventually leveled against him. She said to her friend Helene Drown, "Dick has done so much for the country. Why is this happening?"<ref>Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 215</ref> |
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After President Nixon told his family he would resign the office of the presidency, Mrs. Nixon replied, "But why?"<ref>Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 216</ref> She contacted White House curator Clement Conger to cancel any further development of a new official china pattern from the Lenox China Company, and began supervising the packing of the family's personal belongings.<ref>Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), pp. 417–419</ref> On August 7, 1974, the family met in the [[Sunroom|solarium]] of the White House for their last dinner. Pat sat on the edge of a couch and held her chin high, a sign of tension to her husband.<ref name="csa217">Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 217</ref> When the president walked in, she threw her arms around him, kissed him, and said, "We're all very proud of you, Daddy."<ref name="csa217"/> Later Pat Nixon said of the photographs taken that evening, "Our hearts were breaking and there we are smiling."<ref>Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), p. 424</ref> |
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The next morning, a televised 20-minute farewell speech to the White House staff took place in the East Room, during which the President read from [[Theodore Roosevelt]]'s biography and praised his own parents.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/nixon-farewell.htm|title= Richard M. Nixon: White House Farewell|accessdate= 2007-09-23|publisher=The History Place}}</ref> The First Lady could hardly contain her tears; she was most upset about the cameras, because they recorded her anguish, as they had during the 1960 election defeat. The Nixons walked onto the Executive Mansion's South Lawn with Vice President [[Gerald Ford]] and [[Betty Ford]] to ''[[Marine One]]''. As they walked, Pat, with one arm around her husband's waist and one around Betty's, said to Betty, "You'll see many of these red carpets, and you'll get so you hate 'em."<ref>Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 218</ref> The helicopter carried them to [[Andrews Air Force Base]]; from there they flew to California.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=CNN|url=http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/08/06/nixon.resigns/|title=Nixon's resignation changed American politics forever|date=August 9, 1999|accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> |
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Pat Nixon later told her daughter Julie, "Watergate is the only crisis that ever got me down ... And I know I will never live to see the vindication."<ref>Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), p. 453</ref> |
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===Public perception=== |
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[[Image:Pat Nixon reaches out to young girl.png|thumb|right|Pat reaches out from her limousine to a young girl.]] |
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Author Carl Sferrazza Anthony noted that ordinary citizens responded to Pat.<ref name="csa187"/> When a group of rural people visited the White House to present a quilt to the First Lady, many were overcome with nervousness; upon hearing their weeping, Pat hugged each individual tightly, and the tension dissipated.<ref name="csa187"/> When a young boy doubted that the Executive Mansion was her house because he could not see the washing machine, Pat led him through the halls and up an elevator, into the family quarters and the laundry room.<ref name="csa187"/> She mixed well with different races, and made no racial distinction between anyone.<ref name="csa197"/> During the Nixons' trip to China in 1972, foreign minister [[Zhou En-lai]] became so smitten with her that he gave two rare [[giant panda]]s to the ambassador as a gift from China.<ref name="csa199200"/> |
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According to ''Time'' magazine, "She was such the perfect wife and mother—pressing [her husband's] pants, making dresses for daughters Tricia and Julie, doing her own housework even as the Vice President's wife—that she was tagged 'Plastic Pat.'"<ref>{{cite news|title=The Woman in the Cloth Coat|author=Angelo, Bonnie|accessdate=2008-08-22|date=July 5, 1993|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,978822,00.html|work=Time}}</ref> The derogatory nickname was applied to her because, according to critics, she was always smiling while her face rarely expressed emotion<ref>{{cite web|url=http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/nixon/essays/firstlady|title=Thelma Nixon|accessdate=2008-07-25|publisher=Miller Center of Public Affairs|year=2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://media.www.theracquet.net/media/storage/paper978/news/2008/03/12/Spotlight/Secrets.Will.Be.Shared.In.OneWoman.Show.Lady.Bird.Pat.Betty.Tea.For.Three.At.To-3263920.shtml|title=Secrets will be shared in one-woman show, Lady Bird, Pat & Betty: Tea for Three at Toland theatre|author=Schmitz, Justin|publisher=University of Wisconsin|accessdate=2008-07-25|date=March 12, 2008}}</ref> and her body language made her seem reserved, and at times, artificial.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wnyc.org/books/56606|title=Between You and Me|author=Wallace, Mike|accessdate=2008-08-22|publisher=WNYC Radio|year=2005}}</ref> Some observers described Pat Nixon as "a paper doll, a [[Barbie doll]]—plastic, antiseptic, unalive" and that she "has put every bit of the energy and drive of her youth into playing a role, and she may no longer recognize it as such".<ref name= "PN is the Ultimate Good Sport"/> As for the criticisms, she said, "I am who I am and I will continue to be."<ref name= "PN is the Ultimate Good Sport"/> |
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To many, Pat was seen as an example of the "[[American Dream]]", with her greatest popularity being with the "great silent majority" of voters.<ref name="csa201"/> Mary Brooks, the director of the [[United States Mint]], described the First Lady as "a good example to the women of this country",<ref name= "PN is the Ultimate Good Sport"/> but despite her largely demure public persona as a traditional wife and homemaker, Pat was not as self-effacing and timid as her critics often claimed. When a news photographer wanted her to strike yet another pose while wearing an apron, she firmly responded, "I think we've had enough of this kitchen thing, don't you?"<ref>{{cite news|author=Toner, Robin|title=Running Mates|work=The New York Times|date=February 2, 1997|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> Columnist [[Robert Thompson]] commented that Pat was an ideal balance for the 1970s, writing that she proved that "women can play a vital role in world affairs" while still retaining a "feminine manner".<ref name="csa201"/> But others who opposed the Vietnam War identified her with the Nixon administration's policies, and, as a result, occasionally picketed her speaking events. After she had spoken to some of them, one student told the press that "she wanted to listen. I felt like this is a woman who really cares about what we are doing. I was surprised."<ref>Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 182</ref> |
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Pat Nixon was listed on the [[Gallup Organization]]'s top-ten list of the most admired women fourteen times, from 1959{{ndash}}1962 and 1968{{ndash}}1979.<ref name="gallup 10">{{cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/3415/Most-Admired-Men-Women-19481998.aspx|title=Most Admired Men and Women: 1948-1998|date=December 13, 1999|accessdate=2008-10-12|publisher=Gallup Organization|author=Newport, Frank; David W. Moore and Lydia Saad}}</ref> She was third in 1969, and remained at number two until 1972, when she was ranked first as the most admired woman. She remained on the top-ten list until 1979.<ref name="gallup 10"/> It was the view of veteran UPI reporter [[Helen Thomas]] that Pat "was the warmest First Lady I covered and the one who loved people the most. I think newspeople who covered her saw a woman who was sharp, responsive, sensitive."<ref>Anthony, C. S. (1991), p. 167</ref> |
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==Later life== |
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[[Image:Pat nixon.jpg|thumb|right|Her official White House portrait, painted in 1978 by [[Henriette Wyeth|Henriette Wyeth Hurd]]]] |
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After returning to [[San Clemente, California]] in 1974 and settling into the Nixons' home, ''[[La Casa Pacifica]]'', Mrs. Nixon rarely appeared in public and only granted occasional interviews to the press. In late May 1975, Pat went to her girlhood town of Artesia, California (present-day [[Cerritos, California|Cerritos]]) to dedicate the [[Patricia Nixon Elementary School]].<ref name="Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), p. 441">Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), p. 441</ref> In her remarks, she said, "I'm proud to have the school carry my name. I always thought that only those who have gone had schools named after them. I am happy to tell you that I'm not gone—I mean, not really gone."<ref name="Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), p. 441"/> It was Pat's only solo public appearance in five and a half years in California.<ref name="Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), p. 441"/> |
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Pat suffered a [[stroke]] on July 7, 1976 at ''La Casa Pacifica'', which resulted in the paralysis of her entire left side. [[Physical therapy]] enabled her to eventually regain all movement.<ref name= "First Lady Pat Nixon"/> She said that her recovery was "the hardest thing I have ever done physically".<ref>Eisenhower, Julie (1986), p. 451</ref> In 1979, she and her husband moved to a townhouse on East 65th Street in [[Manhattan, New York|Manhattan]], [[New York City]].<ref name="houses">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/06/nyregion/nyregionspecial2/06colnj.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/N/Nixon,%20Richard%20Milhous|title=Final Days for a Moldy Nixon Retreat|accessdate=2008-08-02|date=May 6, 2007|author=Coyne, Kevin|work=The New York Times}}</ref> They lived there only briefly and in 1981 moved to a {{convert|6000|sqft|m2|0}} house in [[Saddle River, New Jersey]].<ref name="houses"/> This gave the couple additional space, and enabled them to be near their children and grandchildren.<ref name="houses"/> Pat, however, sustained another stroke in 1983<ref>Eisenhower, Julie Nixon (1986), p. 458</ref> and two lung infections the following year.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A01E5DC1039F935A35752C1A962948260&scp=6&sq=pat%20nixon&st=cse|title=Pat Nixon Is Hospitalized|work=Associated Press|publisher=''The New York Times''|accessdate=2008-08-17|date=November 6, 1984}}</ref> |
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[[Image:First Ladies at Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.jpg|thumb|left|Pat (seated second from left) attends the opening of the Ronald Reagan Library, November 1991]] |
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Appearing "frail and slightly bent",<ref>{{cite news|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE0D61631F933A15754C0A966958260|author=Apple, R. W. Jr.|title=Another Nixon Summit, At His Library|work=The New York Times|date=July 20, 1990|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> she appeared in public for the opening of the Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace (now [[Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum]]) in [[Yorba Linda, California]] on July 19, 1990. The dedication ceremony included 50,000 friends and well-wishers, as well as former President and Mrs. Ford, former President and Mrs. Reagan, and President and Mrs. Bush.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nixonlibraryfoundation.org/index.php?link=MuseumTour&src=gendocs&submenu=museum|publisher=Richard Nixon Library Foundation|accessdate=2008-07-23|title=Museum Tour: The Museum}}</ref> The library includes a Pat Nixon room as well as rose gardens planted with the red-black Pat Nixon Rose developed by a French company in 1972, when she was first lady.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www-tech.mit.edu/V113/N29/nixon.29w.html|title=Patricia Nixon, Wife of Former President, Dies at 81|accessdate=2008-08-25|date=June 23, 1993|work=The Los Angeles Times|publisher=The Tech|volume=113|issue=29}}</ref> Pat also attended the opening of the [[Ronald Reagan Presidential Library]] in Simi Valley, California, in November 1991. Former First Lady [[Barbara Bush]] reflected, "I loved Pat Nixon, who was a sensational, gracious, and thoughtful First Lady",<ref>Bush, Barbara (1994), p. 97</ref> but at the dedication of the Reagan Library, Bush remembered, "There was one sad thing. Pat Nixon did not look well at all. Through her smile you could see that she was in great pain and having a terrible time getting air into her lungs."<ref> Bush, Barbara (1994), p. 441</ref> |
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The Nixons moved to a gated complex in [[Park Ridge, New Jersey]] in 1991. Pat's health was failing, and the house was smaller and contained an elevator.<ref name="houses"/> Her health problems developed into bouts of [[oral cancer]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Pat Nixon Released From Hospital|work=The New York Times|date=February 13, 1987|accessdate=2007-11-09|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE2DC103FF930A25751C0A961948260}}</ref> [[emphysema]], and ultimately [[lung cancer]], with which she was diagnosed in December 1992, while hospitalized with respiratory problems.<ref name="nyt-obit" /> |
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==Death and funeral== |
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Pat Nixon died at her New Jersey home at 5:45 am on June 22, 1993, the day after her 53rd wedding anniversary. She was 81. Her daughters and husband were by her side. |
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The funeral service for Mrs. Nixon took place in the grounds of the Richard Nixon Library in [[Yorba Linda, California]] on June 26, 1993. Speakers at the ceremony, including [[Governor of California|California Governor]] [[Pete Wilson]], Kansas senator [[Bob Dole]], and the Reverend Dr. [[Billy Graham]], eulogized the former First Lady. In addition to her husband and immediate family, former presidents [[Ronald Reagan]] and Gerald Ford and their wives, [[Nancy Reagan|Nancy]] and [[Betty Ford|Betty]], were also in attendance.<ref name="PN funeral">{{cite web |url=http://www.nixonfoundation.org/index.php?src=gendocs&link=PNfuneral|title=Funeral Services of Mrs. Nixon|accessdate= 2007-10-02|year= 2005|publisher= Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace Foundation}}</ref> Lady Bird Johnson was unable to attend because she was in the hospital recovering from a stroke, and Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis did not attend either, also due to health reasons.<ref name="PN funeral"/> |
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Mrs. Nixon's tombstone gives her name as "Patricia Nixon", the name by which she was popularly known. Former President Nixon survived her by 10 months, dying on April 22, 1994.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/watergate/stories/nixobit.htm|title=Richard M. Nixon, 37th President, Dies|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=2008-08-02|author=Weil, Martin; Randolph, Eleanor |date=April 23, 1994}}</ref> Her [[epitaph]] reads: {{cquote|Even when people can't speak your language, they can tell if you have love in your heart.}} |
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In 1994, the [[Pat Nixon Park]] was established in [[Cerritos, California]]. The site where her girlhood home stood is on the property.<ref name= "PN Biography: Richard Nixon Library"/> The Cerritos City Council voted in April 1996 to erect a statue of the former First Lady, one of the few statues created in the image of a first lady.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ci.cerritos.ca.us/gallery/nixonfact.html|title=Pat Nixon Statue at the Cerritos Senior Center|year=2000|publisher=City of Cerritos|accessdate=2008-08-02}}</ref> |
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==Footnotes== |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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*{{cite book|author=Anthony, Carl Sferrazza|title=First Ladies: The Saga of the Presidents' Wives and Their Power; 1961-1990 (Volume II)|year=1991|publisher=William Morrow and Co|location=New York}} |
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*{{cite book|author=Bush, Barbara|title=A Memoir|year=1994|location=New York|publisher=Scribner}} |
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*{{cite book |last= David|first=Lester|title= The Lonely Lady of San Clemente: The Story of Pat Nixon|accessdate= 2008-08-18|year=1978|publisher=Crowell|isbn=0690016883}} |
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*{{cite book |last= Eisenhower|first= Julie Nixon|authorlink= Julie Nixon Eisenhower|title= Pat Nixon: The Untold Story|accessdate= 2007-09-24|year= 1986|publisher= Simon & Schuster|location= New York|isbn=0671244248}} |
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*{{cite book |last= Marton|first= Kati|authorlink= Kati Marton|title= Hidden Power: Presidential Marriages That Shaped Our History|accessdate=2007-11-09|year= 2001|publisher= Pantheon|location= New York|isbn=0375401067}} |
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*{{cite book |last= Montgomery|first= Helen M|title= Partners-in-Crisis: the Untold Story of Pat and Richard Nixon: People of Courage|accessdate=2008-08-21|year= 2003|publisher= Xlibris Corporation|isbn=1413404316}} |
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*{{cite book |last= O'Brien|first= Cormac|title= Secret Lives of the First Ladies: What Your Teachers Never Told You About the Women of the White House|accessdate= 2008-08-18|year= 2005|publisher=Quirk Books|isbn=1594740143|coauthors=Suteski, Monika}} |
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*{{cite book |last= Truman|first= Margaret|title= First Ladies|accessdate= 2008-08-20|year=1999|publisher=Random House|isbn=0679434399|location=New York}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://eteamz.active.com/coverangers/index.cfm Cove Rangers F.C. unofficial website] |
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{{Commons|Pat Nixon}} |
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*[http://www. |
*[http://www.coveforthesfl.com Cove Rangers promotional video for entry to the SFL] |
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*[http://www.nixonlibraryfoundation.org/index.php?src=gendocs&link=PNbio Nixon Foundation biography on Pat Nixon] |
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*[http://www.nixonlibraryfoundation.org/index.php?src=gendocs&link=PNfuneral Funeral services of Pat Nixon] |
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|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Nixon, Thelma Catherine Ryan "Pat"; nee Thelma Catherine Ryan |
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|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Wife of [[Richard Nixon]] |
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|DATE OF BIRTH=March 6, 1912 |
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Revision as of 02:51, 13 October 2008
| File:Coverangersbadge.gif | |||
| Full name | Cove Rangers Football Club | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nickname(s) | Rangers | ||
| Founded | 1922 | ||
| Ground | Allan Park | ||
| Capacity | 2300 | ||
| Manager | John Sheran | ||
| League | Highland Football League | ||
| 2007–08 | Highland Football League, 1st | ||
|
| |||
Cove Rangers are a senior Scottish football club currently playing in the Highland Football League. They are based in Cove Bay, a suburb of Aberdeen and play their football at Allan Park.
The current manager is John Sheran.
Cove were formed in 1922 and played in the local amateur leagues until 1985, when they became a junior team. However, the club applied and were accepted to the senior Highland Football League in 1986, where they have played ever since. They have racked up a formidable reputation in the lower rounds of the Scottish Cup, reaching the 3rd round three times. In 2001 they won their first Highland League championship - but even more impressively won the quadruple of Highland League, Aberdeenshire Shield, Scottish Qualifying Cup and League Cup.
Cove were drawn against Edinburgh University football club in the 3rd round (proper) of the Scottish FA Cup. The tie took place at Allan Park on Saturday, November 24th, 2007 with Cove winning 1–0 through a 90th minute goal from McKibben.
Finally Cove were drawn against Ross County football club in the 4th round of the Scottish Cup. They finally bowed out after losing 4–2.
However that did not deter the south Aberdeen side from claiming their second ever Highland League Championship with a 3–0 home win against Lossiemouth on the 3rd of May 2008.
Cove Rangers were one of the clubs preparing an application for entry into the Scottish Football League following Gretna F.C. relinquishing their league status on 3rd June 2008. The other clubs were Spartans, Annan Athletic, and Preston Athletic.[1] Annan Athletic were eventually awarded the place, due to their superior facilities.
The club have started plans for a new stadium in preparation for a possible place in the SFL.
References
- ^ Gretna relinquish league status, BBC Sports. Retrieved on 3 June 2008
External links
 | This article about a Scottish football club is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |