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{{short description|Reptile}}
{{Short description|Genus of tapejarid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous]], {{fossilrange|124.6}}
| fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous]], {{fossilrange|124.6}}
| image = Eopteranodon lii holotype.png
| image_caption = [[Holotype specimen]]
| taxon = Eopteranodon
| taxon = Eopteranodon
| authority = Lü & Zhang, 2005
| authority = Lü & Zhang, 2005
| type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Eopteranodon lii'''''
| type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Eopteranodon lii'''''
| type_species_authority = Lü & Zhang, 2005
| type_species_authority = Lü & Zhang, 2005
| subdivision_ranks = Other species
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}}
| subdivision =
* '''''Eopteranodon yixianensis'''''<br><small>Zhang ''et al.'', 2023</small><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zhang |first1=X. |last2=Jiang |first2=S. |last3=Kellner |first3=A. W. A. |last4=Cheng |first4=X. |last5=Costa |first5=F. R. |last6=Wang |first6=X. |year=2023 |title=A new species of ''Eopteranodon'' (Pterodactyloidea, Tapejaridae) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China |journal=Cretaceous Research |at=105573 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105573 }}</ref>


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}}
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'''''Eopteranodon''''' (meaning "dawn ''[[Pteranodon]]'' (toothless wing)") is a [[genus]] of [[Tapejaridae|tapejarid]] [[pterosaur]] from the [[Aptian]]-age [[Lower Cretaceous]] [[Yixian Formation]] of [[Beipiao|Beipaio City]], [[Liaoning]], China. The genus was named in 2005 by [[Lü Junchang]] and [[Zhang Xingliao]]. The [[type species]] is '''''Eopteranodon lii'''''.


⚫
'''''Eopteranodon''''' (meaning "dawn ''[[Pteranodon]]'' (toothless wing)") is a [[genus]] of [[Tapejaridae|tapejarid]] [[pterosaur]] from the [[Aptian]]-age [[Lower Cretaceous]] [[Yixian Formation]] of [[Beipiao|Beipiao City]], [[Liaoning]], China. The genus was named in 2005 by paleontologists [[Lü Junchang]] and [[Zhang Xingliao]]. The [[type species]] is '''''Eopteranodon lii'''''.
⚫
It is based on the [[type specimen]] or [[holotype]] BPV-078, an incomplete skeleton and skull. Its skull, including a large crest, was toothless and similar to that of ''Pteranodon''. The skull lacks the point of the snout but it was in life less than 200&nbsp;millimeters long (7.9&nbsp;inches), and the animal had a [[wingspan]] of about 1.1&nbsp;meters (3.6&nbsp;feet). A second specimen, D2526, described in 2006, had a larger wingspan. Despite its similarities to ''Pteranodon'', ''Eopteranodon'' was not placed into a [[family (biology)|family]] by its describers, who put it into the [[clade]] [[Pteranodontia]] as ''[[incertae sedis]]'' (uncertain position).<ref name=LZ05>{{cite journal |last=Lü |first=J.C. |author2=B.K. Zhang |year=2005 |title=New pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning |journal=Geological Review |volume=51 |issue= 4 |pages=458–462 }}</ref>


==Description==
⚫
Shortly thereafter, a [[phylogenetics|phylogenetic]] study of all known Yixian pterosaurs by the same scientists found it to be close to the azhdarchoids, noted for the crested genera ''[[Tapejara (pterosaur)|Tapejara]]'' and ''[[Tupuxuara]]'', and the giant, long-necked ''[[Quetzalcoatlus]]''.<ref name=LJ06>{{cite journal |last=Lü |first=Junchang |author2=Qiang Ji |year=2006 |title=Preliminary results of a phylogenetic analysis of the pterosaurs from western Liaoning and surrounding area |journal=Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=239–261 |url=http://cactus.dixie.edu/jharris/Lu&Ji_ptero_phylogeny.pdf |accessdate=2007-03-10 }}</ref> A further analysis of other recently discovered forms, in 2006 still considered basal to (having split off earlier than) azhdarchoids, helped the original authors, along with [[David Unwin]], to place these species together with ''Eopteranodon'' in a new clade [[Chaoyangopteridae]], the possible sister group of the [[Azhdarchidae]].<ref name=luetal2008>Lü, J., Unwin, D.M., Xu, L., and Zhang, X. (2008). "A new azhdarchoid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China and its implications for pterosaur phylogeny and evolution." ''Naturwissenschaften''</ref> However, in 2017, it was considered a member of the [[Tapejaridae]] based on proportions of the crest on the lower jaw and the limbs.<ref name="2017jida">{{Cite journal|first1=W.-H. | last1 = Wu |first2=C.-F. | last2 = Zhou |first3=B. | last3 = Andres |year=2017 |title=The toothless pterosaur ''Jidapterus edentus'' (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea) from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota and its paleoecological implications |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=12 |issue=9 |pages=e0185486 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0185486 |url=http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0185486#sec017|pmc=5614613 | pmid=28950013 }}</ref>
[[File:Eopteranodon lii holotype details.png|thumb|left|Details of the holotype]]
⚫
''Eopteranodon'' is based on the [[type specimen]] or [[holotype]] BPV-078, an incomplete skeleton and skull. Its skull, including a large crest, was toothless and similar to that of ''Pteranodon''. The skull lacks the point of the snout but it was in life less than 200&nbsp;millimeters long (7.9&nbsp;inches), and the animal had a [[wingspan]] of about 1.1&nbsp;meters (3.6&nbsp;feet). A second specimen, D2526, described in 2006, had a larger wingspan.<ref name=LZ05/>


==Classification==
==Classification==
⚫
Despite its similarities to ''Pteranodon'', ''Eopteranodon'' was not placed into a [[family (biology)|family]] by its describers, who put it into the [[clade]] [[Pteranodontia]] as ''[[incertae sedis]]'' (uncertain position).<ref name=LZ05>{{cite journal |last=Lü |first=J.C. |author2=B.K. Zhang |year=2005 |title=New pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning |journal=Geological Review |volume=51 |issue= 4 |pages=458–462 }}</ref> Shortly thereafter, a [[phylogenetics|phylogenetic]] study of all known Yixian pterosaurs by the same scientists found it to be close to the azhdarchoids, noted for the crested genera ''[[Tapejara (pterosaur)|Tapejara]]'' and ''[[Tupuxuara]]'', and the giant, long-necked ''[[Quetzalcoatlus]]''.<ref name=LJ06>{{cite journal |last=Lü |first=Junchang |author2=Qiang Ji |year=2006 |title=Preliminary results of a phylogenetic analysis of the pterosaurs from western Liaoning and surrounding area |journal=Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=239–261 |url=http://cactus.dixie.edu/jharris/Lu&Ji_ptero_phylogeny.pdf |access-date=2007-03-10 }}</ref> A further analysis of other recently discovered forms, in 2006 still considered basal to (having split off earlier than) azhdarchoids, helped the original authors, along with [[David Unwin]], to place these species together with ''Eopteranodon'' in a new clade [[Chaoyangopteridae]], the possible sister group of the [[Azhdarchidae]].<ref name=luetal2008>Lü, J., Unwin, D.M., Xu, L., and Zhang, X. (2008). "A new azhdarchoid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China and its implications for pterosaur phylogeny and evolution." ''Naturwissenschaften''</ref>
The cladogram below follows the 2014 analysis Andres and colleagues.<ref name=kryptodrakon>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.030| title = The earliest pterodactyloid and the origin of the group| journal = Current Biology| year = 2014| last1 = Andres | first1 = B. | last2 = Clark | first2 = J. | last3 = Xu | first3 = X. | pmid=24768054 | volume=24 | issue = 9| pages=1011–6| doi-access = free }}</ref>


However, in 2014, in an analysis by Brian Andres and colleagues, ''Eopteranodon'' was recovered as a basal member of the clade [[Tapejaromorpha]], closely related to the species "''[[Sinopterus]]''" ''[[Sinopterus|gui]]'' and ''[[Nemicolopterus crypticus]]''. Their cladogram is shown on the left.<ref name=kryptodrakon>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.030| title = The earliest pterodactyloid and the origin of the group| journal = Current Biology| year = 2014| last1 = Andres | first1 = B. | last2 = Clark | first2 = J. | last3 = Xu | first3 = X. | pmid=24768054 | volume=24 | issue = 9| pages=1011–6| doi-access = free }}</ref> Later, in 2017, in another phylogenetic analysis, ''Eopteranodon'' was considered a member of the family [[Tapejaridae]] based on proportions of the crest on the lower jaw and the limbs.<ref name="2017jida">{{Cite journal|first1=W.-H. | last1 = Wu |first2=C.-F. | last2 = Zhou |first3=B. | last3 = Andres |year=2017 |title=The toothless pterosaur ''Jidapterus edentus'' (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea) from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota and its paleoecological implications |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=12 |issue=9 |pages=e0185486 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0185486 |pmc=5614613 | pmid=28950013 | bibcode = 2017PLoSO..1285486W | doi-access = free }}</ref> This concept has been followed by several studies in 2019, including the one by Borja Holgado and colleagues,<ref name="Holgado2019">Borja Holgado, Rodrigo V. Pêgas, José Ignacio Canudo, Josep Fortuny, Taissa Rodrigues, Julio Company & Alexander W.A. Kellner, 2019, "On a new crested pterodactyloid from the Early Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula and the radiation of the clade Anhangueria", ''Scientific Reports'' '''9''': 4940 {{doi|10.1038/s41598-019-41280-4}}</ref> and the one by [[Alexander Kellner]] and colleagues. The cladogram on the right is based on the topology made by Kellner and colleagues.<ref name="Kellner2019">{{Cite journal|last1=Kellner|first1=Alexander W. A.|last2=Weinschütz|first2=Luiz C.|last3=Holgado|first3=Borja|last4=Bantim|first4=Renan A. M.|last5=Sayão|first5=Juliana M.|date=19 August 2019|title=A new toothless pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea) from Southern Brazil with insights into the paleoecology of a Cretaceous desert|journal=Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências|language=en|volume=91|issue=suppl 2|pages=e20190768|doi=10.1590/0001-3765201920190768|pmid=31432888|issn=0001-3765|doi-access=free}}</ref>

{{col-begin|width=95%}}
{{col-2}}
'''Topology 1''': Andres ''et al.'' (2014).
{{clade| style=font-size:100%;line-height:100%
{{clade| style=font-size:100%;line-height:100%
|label1=&nbsp;[[Azhdarchoidea]]&nbsp;
|label1=[[Tapejaromorpha]]
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=&nbsp;[[Neoazhdarchia]]
⚫
|label2=[[Tapejaromorpha]]
⚫
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Bennettazhia oregonensis]]''
|1=''[[Bennettazhia oregonensis]]''
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
Line 50: Line 58:
|1=''[[Europejara olcadesorum]]''
|1=''[[Europejara olcadesorum]]''
|2=''[[Tapejara wellnhoferi]]''
|2=''[[Tapejara wellnhoferi]]''
}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}
}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}
{{col-2}}
'''Topology 2''': Kellner ''et al.'' (2019).
{{clade|style=font-size:100%;line-height:100%
⚫
| label1=[[Tapejaromorpha]]
| 1={{clade
| 1=''[[Keresdrakon vilsoni]]''
| label2=[[Tapejaridae]]
⚫
| 2={{clade
| label1=[[Thalassodrominae]]
| 1={{clade
| 1=''[[Thalassodromeus sethi]]''
| 2=''[[Tupuxuara leonardii]]''
}}
| label2=[[Tapejarinae]]
| 2={{clade
| 1=''[[Caupedactylus ybaka]]''
| 2={{clade
| 1=''[[Aymberedactylus cearensis]]''
| 2={{clade
| 1={{clade
| 1='''''Eopteranodon lii'''''
| 2=''"[[Huaxiapterus]]" benxiensis''
| 3=''"[[Huaxiapterus]]" corollatus''
| 4=''[[Sinopterus dongi]]''
}}
| label2=[[Tapejarini]]
| 2={{clade
| 1=''[[Europejara olcadesorum]]''
| 2=''[[Caiuajara dobruskii]]''
| 3=''[[Tapejara wellnhoferi]]''
| 4=''[[Tupandactylus imperator]]''
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
{{col-end}}


==See also==
==See also==
⚫
{{Portal|Paleontology}}
* [[List of pterosaur genera]]
* [[List of pterosaur genera]]
* [[Timeline of pterosaur research]]
* [[Timeline of pterosaur research]]
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{{Pterosauria|Az.}}
{{Pterosauria|Az.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2358922}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2358922}}
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{{Portal bar|Paleontology|China}}


[[Category:Early Cretaceous pterosaurs of Asia]]
[[Category:Early Cretaceous pterosaurs of Asia]]
[[Category:Prehistoric animals of China]]
[[Category:Prehistoric animals of China]]
[[Category:Azhdarchoids]]
[[Category:Tapejaromorphs]]
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 2005]]
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 2005]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Lü Junchang]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Lü Junchang]]

Latest revision as of 14:00, 11 February 2024

Eopteranodon
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous, 124.6 Ma
↓
Holotype specimen
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Order: †Pterosauria
Suborder: †Pterodactyloidea
Family: †Tapejaridae
Subfamily: †Sinopterinae
Genus: †Eopteranodon
Lü & Zhang, 2005
Type species
†Eopteranodon lii
Lü & Zhang, 2005
Other species
  • Eopteranodon yixianensis
    Zhang et al., 2023[1]

Eopteranodon (meaning "dawn Pteranodon (toothless wing)") is a genus of tapejarid pterosaur from the Aptian-age Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Beipiao City, Liaoning, China. The genus was named in 2005 by paleontologists Lü Junchang and Zhang Xingliao. The type species is Eopteranodon lii.

Description[edit]

Details of the holotype

Eopteranodon is based on the type specimen or holotype BPV-078, an incomplete skeleton and skull. Its skull, including a large crest, was toothless and similar to that of Pteranodon. The skull lacks the point of the snout but it was in life less than 200 millimeters long (7.9 inches), and the animal had a wingspan of about 1.1 meters (3.6 feet). A second specimen, D2526, described in 2006, had a larger wingspan.[2]

Classification[edit]

Despite its similarities to Pteranodon, Eopteranodon was not placed into a family by its describers, who put it into the clade Pteranodontia as incertae sedis (uncertain position).[2] Shortly thereafter, a phylogenetic study of all known Yixian pterosaurs by the same scientists found it to be close to the azhdarchoids, noted for the crested genera Tapejara and Tupuxuara, and the giant, long-necked Quetzalcoatlus.[3] A further analysis of other recently discovered forms, in 2006 still considered basal to (having split off earlier than) azhdarchoids, helped the original authors, along with David Unwin, to place these species together with Eopteranodon in a new clade Chaoyangopteridae, the possible sister group of the Azhdarchidae.[4]

However, in 2014, in an analysis by Brian Andres and colleagues, Eopteranodon was recovered as a basal member of the clade Tapejaromorpha, closely related to the species "Sinopterus" gui and Nemicolopterus crypticus. Their cladogram is shown on the left.[5] Later, in 2017, in another phylogenetic analysis, Eopteranodon was considered a member of the family Tapejaridae based on proportions of the crest on the lower jaw and the limbs.[6] This concept has been followed by several studies in 2019, including the one by Borja Holgado and colleagues,[7] and the one by Alexander Kellner and colleagues. The cladogram on the right is based on the topology made by Kellner and colleagues.[8]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Zhang, X.; Jiang, S.; Kellner, A. W. A.; Cheng, X.; Costa, F. R.; Wang, X. (2023). "A new species of Eopteranodon (Pterodactyloidea, Tapejaridae) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China". Cretaceous Research. 105573. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105573.
  2. ^ a b Lü, J.C.; B.K. Zhang (2005). "New pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning". Geological Review. 51 (4): 458–462.
  3. ^ Lü, Junchang; Qiang Ji (2006). "Preliminary results of a phylogenetic analysis of the pterosaurs from western Liaoning and surrounding area" (PDF). Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea. 22 (1): 239–261. Retrieved 2007-03-10.
  4. ^ Lü, J., Unwin, D.M., Xu, L., and Zhang, X. (2008). "A new azhdarchoid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China and its implications for pterosaur phylogeny and evolution." Naturwissenschaften
  5. ^ Andres, B.; Clark, J.; Xu, X. (2014). "The earliest pterodactyloid and the origin of the group". Current Biology. 24 (9): 1011–6. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.030. PMID 24768054.
  6. ^ Wu, W.-H.; Zhou, C.-F.; Andres, B. (2017). "The toothless pterosaur Jidapterus edentus (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea) from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota and its paleoecological implications". PLOS ONE. 12 (9): e0185486. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1285486W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185486. PMC 5614613. PMID 28950013.
  7. ^ Borja Holgado, Rodrigo V. Pêgas, José Ignacio Canudo, Josep Fortuny, Taissa Rodrigues, Julio Company & Alexander W.A. Kellner, 2019, "On a new crested pterodactyloid from the Early Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula and the radiation of the clade Anhangueria", Scientific Reports 9: 4940 doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41280-4
  8. ^ Kellner, Alexander W. A.; Weinschütz, Luiz C.; Holgado, Borja; Bantim, Renan A. M.; Sayão, Juliana M. (19 August 2019). "A new toothless pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea) from Southern Brazil with insights into the paleoecology of a Cretaceous desert". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 91 (suppl 2): e20190768. doi:10.1590/0001-3765201920190768. ISSN 0001-3765. PMID 31432888.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eopteranodon&oldid=1206205343"