Lake Sakakawea: Difference between revisions

Lake Sakakawea
Lake Sakakawea
	Lake Sakakawea highlighted in light blue on Missouri River Basin map
	Lake Sakakawea Location in the United States Lake Sakakawea Location in North Dakota
Location	North Dakota, ; United States
Coordinates	47°30′N 101°25′W / 47.50°N 101.41°W; at Garrison Dam
Lake type	Reservoir
Primary inflows	Missouri River, ; Little Missouri River, Milk River, and Yellowstone River.
Primary outflows	Missouri River
Catchment area	317,400 km2 (122,500 sq mi)
Max. length	178 miles (286 km)
Surface area	307,000 acres (480 sq mi; 1,240 km2)
Max. depth	180 ft (55 m) at dam
Water volume	23,800,000 acre⋅ft (29.4 km3)
Shore length1	1,320 miles (2,120 km)
Surface elevation	1,817 ft (554 m)
Settlements	Williston, Pick City, Four Bears Village, and Riverdale, North Dakota
References
	1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.

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Lake Sakakawea is a large reservoir in the north central United States, impounded in 1953 by Garrison Dam, a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dam located in the Missouri River basin in central North Dakota. Named for the Shoshone-Hidatsa woman Sakakawea (who accompanied the Lewis and Clark Expedition), it is the largest man-made lake located entirely within North Dakota, the second largest in the United States by area after Lake Oahe, and the third largest in the United States by volume, after Lake Mead and Lake Powell.

The lake is located about fifty miles (80 km) from the state capital of Bismarck; the distance by the Missouri River is about 75 miles (120 km). The lake's width averages between 2–3 miles (3–5 km), with a maximum of 14 miles (23 km) at Van Hook Arm. Lake Sakakawea marks the maximum southwest extent of glaciation during the ice age. The lake is located within the counties of: Dunn, McKenzie, McLean, Mercer, Mountrail, and Williams.

History[edit]

The reservoir was created by construction of Garrison Dam, part of a flood control and hydroelectric power generation project named the Pick–Sloan Project along the Missouri river. Garrison dam was completed in 1956. It is the second (and largest) of six main-stem dams on the Missouri River built and managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for flood control, hydroelectric power, navigation, and irrigation.

The creation of the lake displaced members of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation from their villages of Van Hook and (Old) Sanish, which were inundated by creation of the lake. They relocated and founded the villages of New Town, White Shield, and Mandaree. Elbowoods was covered by the water, as was the original town site for Sanish to the northwest of New Town. But only a small portion of the Van Hook town site has ever been under water, the area near the old railroad tracks and elevators on the very south edge of the original town. The remainder of the Van Hook town site including the original Main Street and the residential areas to the north have not been underwater. In the last two decades Van Hook has become a thriving resort community with more residents than it ever had prior to when Lake Sakakawea filled. Yet, the US Army Corp of Engineers, as a direct consequence of poor planning, forced those living in that area of the original town site in the 1950s to evacuate. Currently, Van Hook is a lively recreational area with both year-round and summer residences. ^{[citation needed]}

One name that had been proposed for New Town was Vanish (a portmanteau of the two previous towns' names). Elbowoods, a third reservation town where the agency headquarters, boarding school, hospital, and jail were located, was also lost to the lake. These three towns are commemorated in the names of the three campground sections at Lake Sakakawea State Park, a state park located adjacent to Garrison Dam.

During a training flight in winter 1969, a U.S. Air Force interceptor aircraft crashed into the western portion of the lake on March 10. The F-106A Delta Dart (59-0014)^[2] was from Minot AFB, about sixty miles (100 km) north of the dam.^[3] The pilot ejected safely to land and the plane sank below the frozen lake surface. It was not located until more than 35 years later, in September 2004, after an extended search by a local surveyors' group.^[4]

Recreation[edit]

The lake is a popular regional recreation destination for fishing, camping, boating, hiking, and other outdoor water-based recreation. Public recreation areas, parks, and wildlife management areas surround the lake and are managed by several agencies and organizations including the Corps of Engineers, North Dakota Department of Parks and Recreation, North Dakota Game and Fish Department, and the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation. Lake Sakakawea State Park hosts the western terminus of the North Country National Scenic Trail, a 4,800-mile hiking trail that extends to Vermont.

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-07-26. Retrieved 2007-07-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Accessed 16 July 2007.
^ "1959 USAF serial numbers". Joseph F. Baugher. Retrieved May 1, 2014.
^ "59-0014". Aviation Safety. ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 138178. March 10, 1969. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
^ "Parts of fighter plane found in lake nearly 35 years after crash". USA Today. Associated Press. October 1, 2004. Retrieved May 15, 2014.

External links[edit]

[usace-1] United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-07-26. Retrieved 2007-07-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Accessed 16 July 2007.

[59ser-2] "1959 USAF serial numbers". Joseph F. Baugher. Retrieved May 1, 2014.

[ser590014-3] "59-0014". Aviation Safety. ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 138178. March 10, 1969. Retrieved May 15, 2014.

[pofplfinl-4] "Parts of fighter plane found in lake nearly 35 years after crash". USA Today. Associated Press. October 1, 2004. Retrieved May 15, 2014.

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[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{For|the lake in Washington State|Lake Sacajawea}}
-{{Infobox lake
+{{short description|Artificial reservoir in North Dakota, United States}}
+{{Infobox body of water
 | name = Lake Sakakawea
+| image =North Dakota on Missouri River basin map (cropped).png
-| image =Lake sakakawea.jpg
-| image_size = 220
+| image_size = 240
+| caption = Lake Sakakawea highlighted in light blue on Missouri River Basin map
-| caption = from space, July 1996
 | image_bathymetry =
 | caption_bathymetry =
-| location = [[North Dakota]]
+| location = {{flag|North Dakota}}, <br>{{flag|United States}}
 | coords = {{coord|47.50|N|101.41|W|region:US-ND_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}<br>at [[Garrison Dam]]
 | lake_type = [[Reservoir]]
-| inflow = [[Missouri River]] and<br>[[Little Missouri River (North Dakota)|Little Missouri River]]
+| inflow = [[Missouri River]], <br>[[Little Missouri River (North Dakota)|Little Missouri River]], [[Milk River (Alberta–Montana)|Milk River]], and&nbsp;[[Yellowstone River]].
 | outflow = [[Missouri River]]
 | catchment = {{convert|317400|km2|abbr=on}}
-| basin_countries = [[United States]]
+| basin_countries =
 | length         = {{convert|178|mi}}
 | width          =
@@ Line 23: / Line 25: @@
 | elevation      = {{convert|1817|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="usace"/>
 | islands        =
+| cities         = [[Williston, North Dakota|Williston]], [[Pick City, North Dakota|Pick City]], [[Four Bears Village, North Dakota|Four Bears Village]], and [[Riverdale, North Dakota]]
-| cities         =
+<!--      Map      -->
-| reference =<ref name="usace">[[United States Army Corps of Engineers]], Omaha District. [http://www.nwd-mr.usace.army.mil/rcc/reports/showomarep.cgi?0TRIB_RESERVOIRS] Accessed 16 July 2007.</ref>
+| pushpin_map             = USA#North Dakota
+| pushpin_label_position  =
+| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in the [[United States]]##Location in [[North Dakota]]
+| pushpin_map_alt         =
+<!--   Below       -->
+| website            =
+| reference =<ref name="usace">[[United States Army Corps of Engineers]], Omaha District. {{cite web |url=http://www.nwd-mr.usace.army.mil/rcc/reports/showomarep.cgi?0TRIB_RESERVOIRS |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-07-16 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070726024645/http://www.nwd-mr.usace.army.mil/rcc/reports/showomarep.cgi?0TRIB_RESERVOIRS |archivedate=2007-07-26 }} Accessed 16 July 2007.</ref>
 }}
+'''Lake Sakakawea''' is a large [[reservoir]] in the [[West North Central States|north central]] [[United States]], impounded in 1953 by [[Garrison Dam]], a [[U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]] [[dam]] located in the [[Missouri River]] basin in central [[North Dakota]]. Named for the [[Shoshone]]-[[Hidatsa]] woman [[Sakakawea]] (who accompanied the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]]), it&nbsp;is the largest man-made [[lake]] located entirely within North Dakota, the [[List of largest reservoirs in the United States|second largest in the United States by area]] after [[Lake Oahe]], and the third largest in the United States by volume, after [[Lake Mead]] and [[Lake Powell]].
-{{Location map
-|USA
-|relief     = 1
-|label      = <small>Lake Sakakawea</small>
-|lat        = 47.50
-|long       = -101.41
-|caption    = Location in the [[United States]]
-|marksize   = 5
-|float      =
-|background =
-|width      = 245
-}}
-'''Lake Sakakawea''' is a [[reservoir]] in the [[West North Central States|north central]] [[United States]], located in the [[Missouri River]] basin in central [[North Dakota]]. Named for the [[Shoshone]]-[[Hidatsa]] woman [[Sakakawea]], it is the largest man-made [[lake]] in the state and the third largest in the nation, after [[Lake Mead]] and [[Lake Powell]].
-The lake lies in parts of six counties in western North Dakota: [[Dunn County, North Dakota|Dunn]], [[McKenzie County, North Dakota|McKenzie]], [[McLean County, North Dakota|McLean]], [[Mercer County, North Dakota|Mercer]], [[Mountrail County, North Dakota|Mountrail]], and [[Williams County, North Dakota|Williams]]. A map centered on the Van Hook Arm {{coord|47|53|00|N|102|21|14|W|scale:1000000}} of the lake shows its westward extent from its origin at the [[Garrison Dam]].
+The lake is located about {{convert|50|mi|spell=in}} from the state capital of [[Bismarck, North Dakota|Bismarck]]; the distance by the [[Missouri River]] is about {{convert|75|mi|round=5}}. The lake's width averages between {{convert|2|–|3|mi|0}}, with a maximum of {{convert|14|mi}} at Van Hook Arm. Lake Sakakawea marks the maximum southwest extent of [[glaciation]] during the [[ice age]]. The lake is located within the counties of: [[Dunn County, North Dakota|Dunn]], [[McKenzie County, North Dakota|McKenzie]], [[McLean County, North Dakota|McLean]], [[Mercer County, North Dakota|Mercer]], [[Mountrail County, North Dakota|Mountrail]], and [[Williams County, North Dakota|Williams]].
+== History==
-It is located about {{convert|50|mi|spell=in}} from the state capital of[[Bismarck, North Dakota|Bismarck]]; the distance by the [[Missouri River]] is about {{convert|75|mi|round=5}}. The lake averages between {{convert|2|–|3|mi|0}} in width and is {{convert|14|mi}} wide at its widest point (Van Hook Arm). Lake Sakakawea marks the maximum southwest extent of [[glaciation]] during the [[ice age]].
+[[Image:Map Pick–Sloan Missouri Basin Program.png|thumb|upright=1.1|Lake Sakakawea, Garrison Dam, and other dams and reservoirs of the [[Pick–Sloan Missouri Basin Program|Pick–Sloan Project]], and affected Indian reservations]]
-The reservoir was created by construction of [[Garrison Dam]], completed {{Time ago|1956}} in 1956. It is the second (and largest) of six main-stem dams on the Missouri River built and managed by the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]] for [[flood]] control, [[hydroelectric power]], [[navigation]], and [[irrigation]].
+The reservoir was created by construction of [[Garrison Dam]], part of a [[flood control]] and [[hydroelectric power]] generation project named the [[Pick–Sloan Missouri Basin Program|Pick–Sloan Project]] along the Missouri river.
+Garrison dam was completed in 1956. It is the second (and largest) of six main-stem dams on the Missouri River built and managed by the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]] for [[flood]] control, [[hydroelectric power]], [[navigation]], and [[irrigation]].
-The creation of the lake displaced members of the [[Fort Berthold Indian Reservation]] from their villages of [[Van Hook, North Dakota|Van Hook]] and (Old) [[Sanish, North Dakota|Sanish]], which were inundated by creation of the lake. They relocated and founded the villages of [[New Town, North Dakota|New Town]], [[White Shield, North Dakota|White Shield]], and [[Mandaree, North Dakota|Mandaree]]. One name that had been proposed for New Town was ''Vanish'' (a [[portmanteau]] of the two previous towns' names). Elbowoods, a third reservation town where the agency headquarters, boarding school, hospital, and jail were located, was also lost to the lake. These three towns are commemorated in the names of the three campground sections at [[Lake Sakakawea State Park]], a state park located adjacent to Garrison Dam.
+The creation of the lake displaced members of the [[Fort Berthold Indian Reservation]] from their villages of [[Van Hook, North Dakota|Van Hook]] and (Old) [[Sanish, North Dakota|Sanish]], which were inundated by creation of the lake. They relocated and founded the villages of [[New Town, North Dakota|New Town]], [[White Shield, North Dakota|White Shield]], and [[Mandaree, North Dakota|Mandaree]]. [[Elbowoods, North Dakota|Elbowoods]] was covered by the water, as was the original town site for Sanish to the northwest of New Town. But only a small portion of the Van Hook town site has ever been under water, the area near the old railroad tracks and elevators on the very south edge of the original town.  The remainder of the Van Hook town site including the original Main Street and the residential areas to the north have not been underwater. In the last two decades Van Hook has become a thriving resort community with more residents than it ever had prior to when Lake Sakakawea filled. Yet, the US Army Corp of Engineers, as a direct consequence of poor planning, forced those living in that area of the original town site in the 1950s to evacuate. Currently, Van Hook is a lively recreational area with both year-round and summer residences. {{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
+One name that had been proposed for New Town was ''Vanish'' (a [[portmanteau]] of the two previous towns' names). Elbowoods, a third reservation town where the agency headquarters, boarding school, hospital, and jail were located, was also lost to the lake. These three towns are commemorated in the names of the three campground sections at [[Lake Sakakawea State Park]], a state park located adjacent to Garrison Dam.
-Lake Sakakawea is home to many summer camps, including [[Triangle Y Camp]] and [[Camp of the Cross]].
-During a training flight in winter 1969, a [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] [[interceptor aircraft]] crashed into the western portion of the lake on March 10. The {{nowrap|[[Convair F-106 Delta Dart|F-106A Delta Dart]]}} {{no-wrap|(59-0014)}}<ref name=59ser>{{cite web|url=http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_serials/1959.html |publisher=Joseph F. Baugher |title=1959 USAF serial numbers |accessdate=May 1, 2014}}</ref> was from [[Minot Air Force Base|Minot AFB]], about {{convert|60|mi|-1|spell=in}} north of the dam.<ref name=ser590014>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=138178 |publisher=Aviation Safety |title=59-0014 |agency=ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 138178 |date=March 10, 1969 |accessdate=May 15, 2014}}</ref> The pilot ejected safely to land and the plane sank below the frozen lake surface. It was not located until more than 35 years later, in September 2004, after an extended search by a local surveyors' group.<ref name=pofplfinl>{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/science/mathscience/2004-10-01-math-and-fighter-jets_x.htm |newspaper=USA Today |title=Parts of fighter plane found in lake nearly 35 years after crash |agency=Associated Press |date=October 1, 2004 |accessdate=May 15, 2014 }}</ref>
+During a training flight in winter 1969, a [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] [[interceptor aircraft]] crashed into the western portion of the lake on March 10. The {{nowrap|[[Convair F-106 Delta Dart|F-106A Delta Dart]]}} {{no-wrap|(59-0014)}}<ref name=59ser>{{cite web|url=http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_serials/1959.html |publisher=Joseph F. Baugher |title=1959 USAF serial numbers |accessdate=May 1, 2014}}</ref> was from [[Minot Air Force Base|Minot AFB]], about {{convert|60|mi|-1|spell=in}} north of the dam.<ref name=ser590014>{{cite news |url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=138178 |publisher=Aviation Safety |title=59-0014 |agency=ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 138178 |date=March 10, 1969 |accessdate=May 15, 2014}}</ref> The pilot ejected safely to land and the plane sank below the frozen lake surface. It was not located until more than 35 years later, in September 2004, after an extended search by a local surveyors' group.<ref name=pofplfinl>{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/science/mathscience/2004-10-01-math-and-fighter-jets_x.htm |newspaper=USA Today |title=Parts of fighter plane found in lake nearly 35 years after crash |agency=Associated Press |date=October 1, 2004 |accessdate=May 15, 2014 }}</ref>
-==Statistics==
+==Recreation==
+The lake is a popular regional [[recreation]] destination for [[fishing]], [[camping]], [[boating]], [[hiking]], and other outdoor water-based recreation. Public recreation areas, parks, and wildlife management areas surround the lake and are managed by several agencies and organizations including the Corps of Engineers, North Dakota Department of Parks and Recreation, North Dakota Game and Fish Department, and the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation.  Lake Sakakawea State Park hosts the western terminus of the [[North Country National Scenic Trail]], a 4,800-mile hiking trail that extends to Vermont.
-* Maximum water storage: {{convert|23800000|acre.ft|km3}}
-* Maximum water depth: {{convert|180|ft|0}} at the face of the dam
+==See also==
-* Normal surface area:<ref name="drain">Based on elevation {{convert|1837.5|ft|m}} MSL.</ref> {{convert|307000|acres|sqmi km2|-1}}
+* [[Garrison Dam]]
-* Normal length:<ref name="drain"/> {{convert|178|mi}}
+* [[Missouri River]]
-* Normal shoreline:<ref name="drain"/> {{convert|1320|mi|-1|abbr=on}}
+* [[Lake Audubon]]
-<small>Source:</small><ref name="ace">[http://www.nwd-mr.usace.army.mil/rcc/projdata/summaryengdat.pdf U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]</ref>
+* [[Pick–Sloan Plan]]
+* [[U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]]
+* [[Fort Berthold Indian Reservation]]
+* [[North Dakota oil boom]]
+* [[List of dams and reservoirs in North Dakota]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 64: / Line 68: @@
 == External links ==
+{{commons category}}
-* [http://www.visitmcleancounty.com/history/historyindex.html Lake Sakakawea History] McLean County
+* [http://www.nwo.usace.army.mil/Missions/Dam-and-Lake-Projects/Missouri-River-Dams/Garrison/ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Garrison Dam & Lake Sakakawea]
+* [https://gf.nd.gov/ North Dakota Game and Fish Department]
+* [http://www.parkrec.nd.gov/ North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130515101333/http://www.visitmcleancounty.com/history/historyindex.html Lake Sakakawea History] McLean County
 {{Omaha District dams}}
+{{authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Sakakawea}}
@@ Line 82: / Line 92: @@
 [[Category:Reservoirs in North Dakota]]
 [[Category:Reservoirs of the Missouri River]]
-[[Category:Landforms of Dunn County, North Dakota]]
+[[Category:Bodies of water of Dunn County, North Dakota]]
-[[Category:Landforms of McKenzie County, North Dakota]]
+[[Category:Bodies of water of McKenzie County, North Dakota]]
-[[Category:Landforms of McLean County, North Dakota]]
+[[Category:Bodies of water of McLean County, North Dakota]]
-[[Category:Landforms of Mercer County, North Dakota]]
+[[Category:Bodies of water of Mercer County, North Dakota]]
-[[Category:Landforms of Mountrail County, North Dakota]]
+[[Category:Bodies of water of Mountrail County, North Dakota]]
-[[Category:Landforms of Williams County, North Dakota]]
+[[Category:Bodies of water of Williams County, North Dakota]]
+[[Category:Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation]]

v t e Dams and reservoirs in the Missouri River basin (Omaha District)
Main stem	Fort Peck Dam Garrison Dam Oahe Dam Big Bend Dam Fort Randall Dam Gavins Point Dam Fort Peck Lake Lake Sakakawea Lake Oahe Lake Sharpe Lake Francis Case Lewis and Clark Lake
Tributary dams	Bear Creek Dam Bowman-Haley Dam Boysen Dam Buffalo Bill Dam Canyon Ferry Dam Chatfield Dam Cherry Creek Dam Clark Canyon Dam Cold Brook Dam Cottonwood Springs Dam Glendo Dam Heart Butte Dam Jamestown Dam Keyhole Dam Pactola Dam Papio Creek Dams Pipestem Dam Salt Creek Dams Shadehill Dam Tiber Dam (R) Yellowtail Dam

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
Other	NARA

Latest revision as of 23:55, 17 April 2024

History[edit]

Recreation[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]