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{{hatnote|Not to be confused with [[Lecture]]r.}}
[[File:William Crowe Dighton.jpg|thumb|upright|[[William Crowe (poet)|William Crowe]] (1745–1829), Public Orator at the [[University of Oxford]].]]
[[File:William Crowe Dighton.jpg|thumb|upright|[[William Crowe (poet)|William Crowe]] (1745–1829), Public Orator at the [[University of Oxford]].]]
The '''Public Orator''' is a traditional official post at universities, especially in the [[United Kingdom]]. The holder of this office acts as the voice of the university on public occasions.<ref>{{Cite web |year=1913 |title=Definition: public orator |url=http://dictionary.die.net/public%20orator |work=Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary |publisher=[http://dictionary.die.net/ die.net] |accessdate=10 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426140016/http://dictionary.die.net/public%20orator |archive-date=26 April 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


The position at [[Oxford University]] dates from 1564.<ref name="hibbert">{{Cite book |editor-last=Hibbert |editor-first=Christopher |editor-link=Christopher Hibbert |year=1988 |title=[[The Encyclopaedia of Oxford]] |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]] |chapter=Public Orator |page=341 |isbn=0-333-39917-X }}</ref> The Public Orator at the university presents [[honorary degree]]s, giving an [[oration]] for each person that is honoured. They may be required to compose addresses and letters as directed by the [[Hebdomadal Council]] of the university. Speeches when members of the royal family are present may also be required. The post was instituted for a visit to [[Oxford]] by [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth I]] in 1566. The Public Orator, [[Thomas Kingsmill (professor)|Thomas Kingsmill]], gave a very long historical speech. Sir [[Isaac Wake]] addressed [[James VI and I|King James I]] similarly in 1605.
The '''Public Orator''' is a traditional official post at universities, especially in the [[United Kingdom]]. The person in this position acts as the voice of the university during public occasions.<ref>{{Cite web |year=1913 |title=Definition: public orator |url=http://dictionary.die.net/public%20orator |work=Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary |publisher=[http://dictionary.die.net/ die.net] |accessdate=10 August 2012 }}</ref>


At the [[University of Cambridge]], the title for the position changed from "Public Orator" to "Orator" in 1926.<ref>{{cite web |title=Orator/Public Orator |url=http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/Documents/acad/lists/Orato.html |publisher=[[University of Cambridge]] |accessdate=11 August 2012}}</ref> [[Trinity College Dublin]] in [[Ireland]] also has a Public Orator.<ref>{{cite web |title=John Victor Luce, Public Orator 1972–2005 |url=http://www.tcd.ie/Classics/jvl/ |publisher=[[Trinity College Dublin]] |location=[[Dublin]], [[Republic of Ireland]] |accessdate=10 August 2012 }}</ref> There is no equivalent position in [[United States|American]] universities.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schilling |first=Bernard N. |date=June 1959 |title=The Public Orator and Gradum Honoris Causa |journal=[[AAUP Bulletin]] |volume=45 |number=2 |pages=260–271 |publisher=[[American Association of University Professors]] |jstor=40222429 }}</ref>
The position at [[Oxford University]] dates from 1564.<ref name="hibbert">{{Cite book |editor-last=Hibbert |editor-first=Christopher |editor-link=Christopher Hibbert |year=1988 |title=[[The Encyclopaedia of Oxford]] |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]] |chapter=Public Orator |page=341 |isbn=0-333-39917-X }}</ref> The Public Orator at the University presents [[honorary degree]]s, giving an [[oration]] for each person that is honoured. They may be required to compose addresses and letters as directed by the [[Hebdomadal Council]] of the University. Speeches when members of the royal family are present may also be required. The post was instituted for a visit to [[Oxford]] by [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth I]] in 1566. The Public Orator, [[Thomas Kingsmill (professor)|Thomas Kingsmill]], gave a very long historical speech. Sir [[Isaac Wake]] addressed [[King James I]] similarly in 1605.

At the [[University of Cambridge]], the title for the position changed from "Public Orator" to "Orator" in 1926.<ref>{{cite web |title=Orator/Public Orator |url=http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/Documents/acad/lists/Orato.html |publisher=[[University of Cambridge]] |accessdate=11 August 2012}}</ref> [[Trinity College Dublin]] in [[Ireland]] also has a Public Orator.<ref>{{cite web |title=John Victor Luce, Public Orator 1972–2005 |url=http://www.tcd.ie/Classics/jvl/ |publisher=[[Trinity College Dublin]] |location=[[Dublin]], [[Republic of Ireland]] |accessdate=10 August 2012 }}</ref> There is no equivalent position in [[United States|American]] universities.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schilling |first=Bernard N. |date=June 1959 |title=The Public Orator and Gradum Honoris Causa |journal=[[AAUP Bulletin]] |volume=45 |number=2 |pages=260–271 |publisher=[[American Association of University Professors]] |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40222429 }}</ref>


==List of Public Orators==
==List of Public Orators==
{{expand list|date=August 2012}}
{{incomplete list|date=August 2012}}


===England===
===England===
Line 15: Line 15:
See also [[:Category:Public Orators of the University of Oxford]].
See also [[:Category:Public Orators of the University of Oxford]].


{{div col}}
* [[Edmund Campion|Saint Edmund Campion]] (1564-1569)<ref>Waugh E 1935</ref>
* [[Tobias Matthew|Sir Tobias Matthew, 54th Archbishop of York]] (1569-1572; appointed the high position of [[Master (college)|Master]] of Oxford University by [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth I]], herself)
* [[William Crowe (poet)|William Crowe]]
* [[William Strode (poet)|William Strode]] (lived 1602-1644)
* [[Thomas Kingsmill (professor)|Thomas Kingsmill]]
* [[Thomas Kingsmill (professor)|Thomas Kingsmill]]
* [[Edmund Campion]]<ref>Waugh E 1935</ref>
* [[William Strode (poet)|William Strode]] (lived 1602–1644)
* [[Henry Hammond]] (1645–1648)<ref>{{acad|id=HMNT626H|name=Hammond, Henry}}</ref>
* [[Ralph Button]] (1648–1660)<ref>{{acad|id=BTN634R|name=Button, Ralph}}</ref>
* [[William Crowe (poet)|William Crowe]]
* [[Isaac Wake]]
* [[Isaac Wake]]
* [[William Walter Merry]](1880-1910)
* [[William Walter Merry]] (1880–1910)
* [[Colin Hardie]] (1967 to 1973)
* [[A.D. Godley]] (1910–1920)
* [[Jasper Griffin]] (1992 to 2004)
* [[Arthur Blackburne Poynton]] (1925–1932)
* [[Cyril Bailey]] (1932–1939)
* Richard Jenkyns (2004 to 2016)
* [[Thomas Farrant Higham]] (1939–1958)<ref>A selection of his speeches is available in Higham, Thomas Farrant. 1960. ''Orationes Oxonienses Selectae: Short Lat. Speeches on Distinguished Contemporaries''. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
* Jonathan Katz (2016 to present)
</ref>
* A.N. Bryan-Brown (1958–1967)
* [[Colin Hardie]] (1967–1973)
* John G. Griffith (1973–1980)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Diggle |first1=James |title=Sic Oxoniae Loquuntur |journal=The Classical Review |series=New Series |date=1987 |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=92–95|doi=10.1017/S0009840X00100496 |s2cid=162873572 }}. Some orations are printed in Griffith, John G. 1985. ''Oratiunculae Oxonienses selectae: being the Latin texts and English paraphrases of sixty-four speeches delivered in the Sheldonian Theatre when presenting recipients of Honorary Degrees, together with some additional but not unrelated matter''. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
</ref>
* Godfrey Bond (1980–1992)<ref>{{cite news |title=Obituary: Godfrey Bond |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-godfrey-bond-1278360.html |accessdate=15 February 2020 |work=The Independent |date=13 February 1997 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Jasper Griffin]] (1992–2004)
* Prof. [[Richard Henry Austen Jenkyns]] (2004–2016)
* [[Jonathan Katz (classicist)|Jonathan Katz]] (2016 to present)
{{div col end}}


====Cambridge University====
====Cambridge University====
See also [[:Category:Cambridge University Orators]].
See also [[:Category:Cambridge University Orators]].


{{div col}}
* [[William Lewin (died 1598)|William Lewin]], (1570 to 1571)<ref name="Cam_list">{{cite web|url=http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/acad/lists/Orato.html|title=List|publisher=|accessdate=5 February 2017}}</ref>
* [[George Herbert]], (1619 to 1627)<ref name="Cam_list"/>
* [[Richard Croke]] (1522)<ref>{{acad|id=CRK506R|name=Croke, Richard}}</ref>
* [[George Day (bishop)|George Day]] (1528–1537)<ref>{{acad|id=DY520G|name=Day, George}}</ref>
* [[William Pearce (priest)|William Pearce]] (1778 to 1788)
* [[John Redman (Trinity College)|John Redman]] (1537–1538)<ref>{{acad|id=CHK529J|name=Redman, John}}</ref>
* [[William Lort Mansel]] (1788 to 1798)<ref name="Cam_list" />
* Sir [[Thomas Smith (diplomat)|Thomas Smith]] (1538–1542)<ref>{{acad|id=SMT526T|name=Smith, Thomas}}</ref>
* Edmund Outram (1798 to 1809)<ref name="Cam_list" />
* Sir [[John Cheke]] (1544)<ref>{{acad|id=RDMN525J|name=Cheke, John}}</ref>
* [[Ralph Tatham]]
* [[Roger Ascham]] (1546–1554)<ref>{{acad|id=ASCN533R|name=Ascham, Roger}}</ref>
* [[Christopher Wordsworth]]
* [[Thomas Gardiner (MP for Mitchell)|Thomas Gardiner]] (1554–1557)<ref>{{acad|id=GRDR542T|name=Gardiner, Thomas}}</ref>
* [[William Henry Bateson]]
* John Stokes (1557–1559)<ref>{{acad|id=STKS544J|name=Stokes, John}}</ref>
* [[William George Clark]]
* George Ackworth (1559–1560)<ref>{{acad|id=ACWT548G|name=Acworth, George}}</ref>
* [[Richard Claverhouse Jebb|Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb]] (1869 to 1875)<ref name="Cam_list"/>
* Anthony Girlington (1560–1561)<ref>{{acad|id=GRLN548A|name=Girlington, Anthony}}</ref>
* [[John Sandys (classicist)|Sir John Edwin Sandys]] (1875 to 1920; orator emeritus from 1920)<ref name="Cam_list"/>
* William Masters (1563–1565)<ref>{{acad|id=MSTS549W|name=Masters, William}}</ref>
* [[Terrot R. Glover|Terrot Reaveley Glover]] (1920 to 1939)<ref name="Cam_list"/>
* [[Thomas Byng]] (1565–1570)<ref>{{acad|id=BN552T|name=Byng, Thomas}}</ref>
* [[W. K. C. Guthrie|William Keith Chambers Guthrie]] (1939 to 1957)<ref name="Cam_list"/>
* [[William Lewin (died 1598)|William Lewin]] (1570–1571)<ref name="Cam_list">{{cite web|url=http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/acad/lists/Orato.html|title=List|publisher=|accessdate=5 February 2017}}</ref>
* Lancelot Patrick Wilkinson (1958 to 1974)<ref name="Cam_list"/>
* [[John Becon]] (1571–1573)<ref>{{acad|id=BCN559J|name=Becon, John}}</ref>
* Frank Henry Stubbings (1974 to 1982)<ref name="Cam_list"/>
* Richard Bridgewater (1573–1581)<ref>{{acad|id=BRGR555R|name=Bridgewater, Richard}}</ref>
* James Diggle (1982 to 1993)<ref name="Cam_list"/>
* [[Anthony Wingfield (MP for Ripon)|Anthony Wingfield]] (1580–1589)<ref>{{acad|id=WNGT569A|name=Wingfield, Anthony}}</ref>
* Anthony Bowen (1993<ref name="Cam_list"/> to 2007)
* Henry Mowtlow (1589–1594)<ref>{{acad|id=MWTW571H|name=Mowtlowe, Henry}}</ref>
* Rupert Thompson (2008<ref name="Cam_list"/> <ref>http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/reporter/2016-17/special/04/section2.shtml</ref>to present)
* Sir [[Robert Naunton]] (1594–1611)<ref>{{acad|id=NNTN578R|name=Naunton, Robert}}</ref>
* Sir [[Francis Nethersole]] (1611–1619)<ref>{{acad|id=NTRL603F|name=Nethersole, Francis}}</ref>
* [[George Herbert]] (1619–1627)<ref>{{acad|id=HRBT609G|name=Herbert, George}}</ref>
* [[Robert Creighton]] (1627–1639)<ref>{{acad|id=CRTN614R|name=Creighton, Robert}}</ref>
* Henry Molle (1639–1650)<ref>{{acad|id=ML612H|name=Mole, Henry}}</ref>
* [[Ralph Widdrington (academic)|Ralph Widdrington]] (1650–1673)<ref>{{acad|id=WDRN632R|name=Widdrington, Ralph}}</ref>
* [[Henry Paman]] (1674–1681)<ref>{{acad|id=PMN643H|name=Paman, Henry}}</ref>
* John Billers (1681–1688)<ref>{{acad|id=BLRS666J|name=Billers, John}}</ref>
* Henry Felton (1689–1696)<ref name="Cam_list" />
* William Ayloffe (1696–1726)<ref>{{acad|id=ALF680W|name=Ayloffe, William}}</ref>
* [[Edmund Castle]] (1727–1730)<ref>{{acad|id=CSTL716E|name=Castle, Edmund}}</ref>
* Philip Williams (1730–1741)<ref>{{acad|id=WLMS710P|name=Williams, Philip}}</ref>
* [[James Tunstall]] (1741–1746)<ref name="Cam_list" />
* [[Philip Yonge]] (1746–1752)<ref name="Cam_list" />
* John Skynner (1752–1762)<ref>{{acad|id=SKNR740J|name=Skynner, John}}</ref>
* [[William Barford]] (1762–1768)<ref name="Cam_list" />
* [[Richard Beadon]] (1768–1778)<ref name="Cam_list" />
* [[William Pearce (priest)|William Pearce]] (1778–1788)<ref name="Cam_list" />
* [[William Lort Mansel]] (1788–1798)<ref>{{acad|id=MNSL770WL|name=Lort, William Lort}}</ref>
* [[Edmund Outram]] (1798–1809)<ref name="Cam_list" />
* [[Ralph Tatham]] (1809–1836)<ref name="Cam_list" />
* [[Christopher Wordsworth]] (February–April 1836)<ref>{{acad|id=WRDT825C|name=Wordsworth, Christopher}}</ref>
* [[William Henry Bateson]] (1848–1857)<ref>{{acad|id=BT829WH|name=Bateson, William Henry}}</ref>
* [[William George Clark]] (1857–1869)<ref>{{acad|id=CLRK839WG|name=Clark, William George}}</ref>
* Sir [[Richard Claverhouse Jebb]] (1869–1875)<ref name="Cam_list"/>
* Sir [[John Sandys (classicist)|John Edwin Sandys]] (1875–1920; orator emeritus from 1920)<ref name="Cam_list"/>
* [[Terrot R. Glover|Terrot Reaveley Glover]] (1920–1939)<ref name="Cam_list"/>
* [[W. K. C. Guthrie|William Keith Chambers Guthrie]] (1939–1957)<ref name="Cam_list"/>
* Lancelot Patrick Wilkinson (1958–1974)<ref name="Cam_list"/>
* Frank Henry Stubbings (1974–1982)<ref name="Cam_list"/>
* [[James Diggle]] (1982–1993)<ref name="Cam_list"/>
* Anthony Bowen (1993<ref name="Cam_list"/>–2007)<ref>Cf. Bowen, Anthony. 2009. ''Cambridge Orations, 1993–2007: A Selection''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511609626.
</ref>
* Rupert Thompson (2008<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/reporter/2016-17/special/04/section2.shtml|title=PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY - Cambridge University Reporter Special No 4 (2016-17)}}</ref> to present)
{{div col end}}


====Liverpool University====
====Liverpool University====
* [[John Pinsent]], (1983 to 1987)
* [[John Pinsent]] (1983 to 1987)


====Durham University====
====Durham University====
* [[Ian Richmond|Sir Ian Richmond]], (1949 to 1951)
* [[Ian Richmond|Sir Ian Richmond]] (1949 to 1951)


====Birkbeck, University of London====
====Birkbeck, University of London====
* [[Steven Connor]], (2001 to 2012)
* [[Steven Connor]] (2001 to 2012)
* [[Joanna Bourke]], (2012 to present)
* [[Joanna Bourke]] (2012 to present)


===Ireland===
===Ireland===


====Trinity College, Dublin====
====Trinity College, Dublin====
{{div col}}
* [[Sir Robert Tate]], (1914 to 1952)
* [[Caesar Williamson]] (1660)
* Thomas Ebenezer Webb (1879 to 1887)<ref name="DNBWebb">{{Cite DNB12|wstitle=Webb, Thomas Ebenezer}}</ref>
* [[Arthur Palmer (scholar)|Arthur Palmer]] (1888{{snd}}no later than 1897)<ref name="DNBPalmer">{{cite DNBSupp|wstitle=Palmer, Arthur (1841-1897)|volume=3}}</ref>
* [[Robert Yelverton Tyrrell]] (1899)
* [[Louis Claude Purser]] (1904)
* [[Sir Robert Tate]], (1914 to 1952)<ref>A selection of his speeches is published in Tate, Robert William. 1941. ''Orationes et epistolae Dublinenses: (1914 - 40)''. Dublin: Hodges, Figgis.
</ref>
* [[John V. Luce]], (1972 to 2005)
* [[John V. Luce]], (1972 to 2005)
* [[Brian McGing]], (2005 to 2008)
* [[Brian McGing]], (2005 to 2008)
* [[Anna Chahoud]], (2008—)
* [[Anna Chahoud]], (2008 to present)
{{div col end}}

===Russia===

====[[Moscow State University|Lomonosov Moscow State University]]====
* [[:ru:Алексей Солопов|Alexei Solopov]]


==See also==
==See also==
Line 75: Line 135:
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Orator, Public}}
[[Category:Public orators| ]]
[[Category:Public orators| ]]
[[Category:Public speaking]]
[[Category:Public speaking]]
Line 82: Line 141:
[[Category:Terminology of the University of Oxford]]
[[Category:Terminology of the University of Oxford]]
[[Category:Terminology of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Terminology of the University of Cambridge]]


{{academic-bio-stub}}

Revision as of 15:52, 20 April 2024

Not to be confused with Lecturer.
William Crowe (1745–1829), Public Orator at the University of Oxford.

The Public Orator is a traditional official post at universities, especially in the United Kingdom. The holder of this office acts as the voice of the university on public occasions.[1]

The position at Oxford University dates from 1564.[2] The Public Orator at the university presents honorary degrees, giving an oration for each person that is honoured. They may be required to compose addresses and letters as directed by the Hebdomadal Council of the university. Speeches when members of the royal family are present may also be required. The post was instituted for a visit to Oxford by Queen Elizabeth I in 1566. The Public Orator, Thomas Kingsmill, gave a very long historical speech. Sir Isaac Wake addressed King James I similarly in 1605.

At the University of Cambridge, the title for the position changed from "Public Orator" to "Orator" in 1926.[3] Trinity College Dublin in Ireland also has a Public Orator.[4] There is no equivalent position in American universities.[5]

List of Public Orators

England

Oxford University

See also Category:Public Orators of the University of Oxford.

Cambridge University

See also Category:Cambridge University Orators.

Liverpool University

Durham University

Birkbeck, University of London

Ireland

Trinity College, Dublin

Russia

Lomonosov Moscow State University

See also

References

  1. ^ "Definition: public orator". Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary. die.net. 1913. Archived from the original on 26 April 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2012. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  2. ^ Hibbert, Christopher, ed. (1988). "Public Orator". The Encyclopaedia of Oxford. Macmillan. p. 341. ISBN 0-333-39917-X.
  3. ^ "Orator/Public Orator". University of Cambridge. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
  4. ^ "John Victor Luce, Public Orator 1972–2005". Dublin, Republic of Ireland: Trinity College Dublin. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
  5. ^ Schilling, Bernard N. (June 1959). "The Public Orator and Gradum Honoris Causa". AAUP Bulletin. Vol. 45, no. 2. American Association of University Professors. pp. 260–271. JSTOR 40222429.
  6. ^ Waugh E 1935
  7. ^ "Hammond, Henry (HMNT626H)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  8. ^ "Button, Ralph (BTN634R)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  9. ^ A selection of his speeches is available in Higham, Thomas Farrant. 1960. Orationes Oxonienses Selectae: Short Lat. Speeches on Distinguished Contemporaries. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  10. ^ Diggle, James (1987). "Sic Oxoniae Loquuntur". The Classical Review. New Series. 37 (1): 92–95. doi:10.1017/S0009840X00100496. S2CID 162873572.. Some orations are printed in Griffith, John G. 1985. Oratiunculae Oxonienses selectae: being the Latin texts and English paraphrases of sixty-four speeches delivered in the Sheldonian Theatre when presenting recipients of Honorary Degrees, together with some additional but not unrelated matter. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
  11. ^ "Obituary: Godfrey Bond". The Independent. 13 February 1997. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  12. ^ "Croke, Richard (CRK506R)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  13. ^ "Day, George (DY520G)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  14. ^ "Redman, John (CHK529J)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  15. ^ "Smith, Thomas (SMT526T)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  16. ^ "Cheke, John (RDMN525J)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  17. ^ "Ascham, Roger (ASCN533R)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  18. ^ "Gardiner, Thomas (GRDR542T)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  19. ^ "Stokes, John (STKS544J)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  20. ^ "Acworth, George (ACWT548G)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  21. ^ "Girlington, Anthony (GRLN548A)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  22. ^ "Masters, William (MSTS549W)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  23. ^ "Byng, Thomas (BN552T)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "List". Retrieved 5 February 2017.
  25. ^ "Becon, John (BCN559J)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  26. ^ "Bridgewater, Richard (BRGR555R)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  27. ^ "Wingfield, Anthony (WNGT569A)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  28. ^ "Mowtlowe, Henry (MWTW571H)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  29. ^ "Naunton, Robert (NNTN578R)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  30. ^ "Nethersole, Francis (NTRL603F)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  31. ^ "Herbert, George (HRBT609G)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  32. ^ "Creighton, Robert (CRTN614R)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  33. ^ "Mole, Henry (ML612H)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  34. ^ "Widdrington, Ralph (WDRN632R)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  35. ^ "Paman, Henry (PMN643H)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  36. ^ "Billers, John (BLRS666J)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  37. ^ "Ayloffe, William (ALF680W)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  38. ^ "Castle, Edmund (CSTL716E)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  39. ^ "Williams, Philip (WLMS710P)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  40. ^ "Skynner, John (SKNR740J)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  41. ^ "Lort, William Lort (MNSL770WL)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  42. ^ "Wordsworth, Christopher (WRDT825C)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  43. ^ "Bateson, William Henry (BT829WH)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  44. ^ "Clark, William George (CLRK839WG)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  45. ^ Cf. Bowen, Anthony. 2009. Cambridge Orations, 1993–2007: A Selection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511609626.
  46. ^ "PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY - Cambridge University Reporter Special No 4 (2016-17)".
  47. ^ Lee, Sidney, ed. (1912). "Webb, Thomas Ebenezer" . Dictionary of National Biography (2nd supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  48. ^ Lee, Sidney, ed. (1901). "Palmer, Arthur (1841-1897)" . Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). Vol. 3. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  49. ^ A selection of his speeches is published in Tate, Robert William. 1941. Orationes et epistolae Dublinenses: (1914 - 40). Dublin: Hodges, Figgis.

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