Edmund Campion

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Edmund Campion

Edmund Campion (also Latinized Edmundus Campianus ) (born January 25, 1540 in London , † December 1, 1581 in Tyburn ) was a priest in the Jesuit order and is a canonized martyr of the Catholic Church .

Life

Campion was born in London. He was a fellow at St John's College , Oxford, where he quickly made a name for himself through his outstanding academic achievements. In 1569 he was appointed deacon of the Church of England . Although he took the oath of supremacy , he remained Catholic in his thinking and feeling. In 1570 he went to Ireland at the invitation of Richard Stanihurst . It is unclear whether he had already converted internally at this point and felt safer there, or whether the conversion only took place in Ireland. Several adversaries worried him so much that he fled to Flanders , where he studied theology at the English college in Douai . In 1573 Edmund Campion joined the Jesuit order in Rome . He completed his novitiate in Brno , then worked as a rhetoric teacher at the Jesuit school in Prague , where he received the sacrament of ordination in 1578 . A short time later he and Robert Persons were commissioned to set up a Jesuit mission in England . Despite the great danger, the men took on the task. They traveled to England in disguise and worked there from 1580 underground. Edmund Campion worked as a writer for the Catholic faith and traveled through large parts of England, making prisoner visits to imprisoned Catholics and donating the sacraments. The unsettled and persecuted Catholics gained new courage through his work. On July 27, 1581, he was arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London . He spent four days at Little Ease . Then he was offered protection if he renounced the Catholic faith, but Campion remained steadfast despite severe torture. On December 1, 1581, he was using the for under large sympathy of the population treason provided more stringent methods of execution executed (razing the prison through London to the place, emasculation , disembowelment , burning the intestines before your eyes - all therefore alive - then beheading and quartering).

Edmund Campion was born in 1970 by Pope Paul VI. canonized.

Works

His most important work is Two bokes of the histories of Ireland (1571) , written in English . It was not printed in James Wares Ancient Irish Histories until 1633 . The first book deals with the history of the Irish up to the conquest by the Normans under Strongbow , the second book the events after the Norman conquest.

Since Campion did not speak Irish, he could only use the Irish chronicles and the influential Lebor Gabála Érenn indirectly. Overall, the presentation is based primarily on Giraldus Cambrensis and William Camden , but is less negative about the Irish. Campion justifies the rule of England over Ireland in the work. He already emphasizes earlier subjugations to Britain , for example the tribute payments of the kings on Ireland to Arthur and the offer of the Milesian kings Éber and Éremón to submission to the British king Gurguntius , who had sent them to Ireland (which the latter refuses, of course, as he has no options the control sees). He considers the Irish language to be closely related to the Spanish language.

He also wrote Latin writings on theology, which are little known today, including, already in the underground in England, under the pressure of persecution, to justify and explain his mandate, the Decem rationes (defense of the Catholic faith against the Anglican, 1580).

See also

expenditure

  • Joseph Simons (ed.): Ambrosia. A Neo-Latin Drama by Edmund Campion SJ Van Gorcum, Assen 1970, ISBN 90-232-0002-0 (Latin text and English translation)
  • Edmundus Campianus: Rationes decem quibus fretus, certamen aduersarijs obtulit in causa fidei, Edmundus Campianus e Societate nominis Iesu presbyter: allegatae ad clarissimos viros nostrates academicos, Bartholomaeus Bonfadini et Titus Dianus, Romae 1584 [1]

literature

  • Evelyn Waugh : Edmund Campion. Jesuit and martyr , Munich 1954

Web links

Commons : Edmund Campion  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See the articles Edmund Campion and Hanged, drawn and quartered in the English Wikipedia.
  2. ^ Bianca Ross: Britannia et Hibernia, National and Cultural Identities in Ireland in the 17th Century. Heidelberg 1998, p. 331.
personal data
SURNAME Campion, Edmund
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Monk in the Jesuit order and martyr of the Catholic Church
DATE OF BIRTH January 25, 1540
PLACE OF BIRTH London
DATE OF DEATH December 1, 1581
Place of death Tyburn