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Phosphotransferases are a category of enzymes (EC number 2.7) that catalyze phosphorylation reactions. The general form of the reactions they catalyze is:

A—P + B ⇔ B—P + A

Where P is a phosphate group and A and B are the donating and accepting molecules, respectively.

Classification of Phosphotransferases

Phosphotransferases are generally classified according to the acceptor molecule.^[1]^[2]

EC 2.7.1 Phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor
EC 2.7.2 Phosphotransferases with a carboxy group as acceptor
EC 2.7.3 Phosphotransferases with a nitrogenous group as acceptor
EC 2.7.4 Phosphotransferases with a phosphate group as acceptor
EC 2.7.9 Phosphotransferases with paired acceptors. In these reactions, a single triphosphate-nucleotide transfers two phosphates to two different acceptor molecules, resulting in a monophosphate-nucleotide and two phosphorylated products.

Phosphotransferase system

The phosphotransferase system (PTS) is a complex group translocation system present in many bacteria. The PTS transports sugars (such as glucose, mannose, and mannitol) into the cell. The first step of this reaction is phosphorylation of the substrate via phosphotransferase during transport. In the case of glucose, the product of this phosphorylation is Glucose-6-Phosphate (Glu-6P). Due to the negative charge of the phosphate, this Glu-6P can no longer freely leave the cell. This is the first reaction of glycolysis, which degrades the sugar to pyruvate.

References

^ [1] Phosphotransferases are any enzyme of sub‐subclasses EC 2.7.1 to 2.7.4, and EC 2.7.9
^ [2], Classification in this article follows the rules of Enzyme Nomenclature of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NC-IUBMB).

External links

Phosphotransferases at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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[1] [1] Phosphotransferases are any enzyme of sub‐subclasses EC 2.7.1 to 2.7.4, and EC 2.7.9

[2] [2], Classification in this article follows the rules of Enzyme Nomenclature of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NC-IUBMB).

[1]

[2]

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 The [[PEP group translocation|phosphotransferase system]] (PTS) is a complex group translocation system present in many bacteria. The PTS transports sugars (such as [[glucose]], [[mannose]], and [[mannitol]]) into the cell. The first step of this reaction is phosphorylation of the substrate via phosphotransferase during transport. In the case of glucose, the product of this phosphorylation is Glucose-6-Phosphate (Glu-6P).
 Due to the negative charge of the phosphate, this Glu-6P can no longer freely leave the cell. This is the first reaction of [[glycolysis]], which degrades the sugar to [[pyruvate]].
-BOOBS
 ==See also==

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)