Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America
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Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) is a trade group representing the pharmaceutical research and biotechnology companies in the United States. PhRMA's mission is advocacy for public policies that encourage the discovery of new medicines for patients by pharmaceutical/biotechnology research companies. It is one of the largest and most influential lobbying organizations in Washington, D.C.
On its website, PhRMA states its "mission is winning advocacy for public policies that encourage the discovery of life-saving and life-enhancing new medicines for patients by pharmaceutical/biotechnology research companies.
"To accomplish this mission, PhRMA is dedicated to achieving in Washington, D.C., the states and the world[4]:
- "Broad patient access to safe and effective medicines through a free market, without price controls,
- "Strong intellectual property incentives, and
- "Transparent, efficient, regulation and a free flow of information to patients."
PhRMA's CEO is Billy Tauzin.
Company operations
- Representing 50 biotech companies, PhRMA has twenty registered lobbyists on staff and has contracted with dozens of lobby and public relations firms -- including Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, Barbour Griffith & Rogers, DCI Group, The Dutko Group, Edelman and Bonner & Associates -- to promote its members' interests.
- PhRMA has a record of hiding its lobbying and PR activities, often by paying other organizations, such as United Seniors Association (USA) or the Consumer Alliance, to advocate industry-friendly policies, a practice known as Astroturfing. "PhRMA Appears to Have Funneled Up to $41 Million To 'Stealth PACs' to Help Elect a Drug Industry-Friendly Congress" according to a September, 2004 report published by the Public Citizen[1].
- The February, 2003, issue of the AARP Bulletin reported: "Three nonprofit organizations that claim to speak for older Americans are in fact heavily bankrolled by the pharmaceutical industry, an examination of tax records by the AARP Bulletin shows. United Seniors Association, for example, got more than a third of its funds in 2001 from drug-industry sources. The big donors included Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA), the industry's trade association; Citizens for Better Medicare, a PhRMA-funded nonprofit group; and Pfizer Inc. Total industry contributions: at least $3.1 million."
- In June 2004, PhRMA teamed up with the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the American Psychiatric Association "to demonstrate the cost of depression in the workplace and to show employers that treating affected workers would improve the bottom line." The three groups endorsed a "depression calculator," which allows employers to estimate the effect of untreated depression on their company's profits, through absenteeism and low productivity. The calculator also figures "how much the business would save if employees were treated."[5] The Arizona-based "health-care consulting firm" The HSM Group organized the calculator's public "introduction." At the press conference unveiling the calculator, PhRMA's senior vice president for policy, research and strategic planning, Richard Smith, said: "A depressed employee is less productive or absent for 30 to 50 days a year. ... The person's medical costs are $2,000 to $3,000 more than other employees."
Medicare Prescription Drug Act of 2003
On January 25, 2006, Democratic Party leader Nancy Pelosi, Democratic Whip Steny H. Hoyer and Ranking Minority Member Henry A. Waxman asked J. Dennis Hastert, Speaker of the House of Representatives at that time, for a congressional investigation into the role played by the Alexander Strategy Group, a lobbying firm closely linked to Tom DeLay and Jack Abramoff, in the passage of the Medicare Prescription Drug Act which was passed on December 8, 2003.
With the indictments of DeLay and Abramoff, new questions arose about the role of the Alexander Strategy Group in the passing of the bill. Lobby disclosure forms showed that the largest single client of the Alexander Strategy Group was the pharmaceutical industry, which paid the small firm over $2.5 million, including nearly $1 million in 2003, when the prescription drug law was being written.
The lobby disclosure forms revealed that the primary clients represented were PhRMA and Eli Lilly during consideration of the Medicare Prescription Drug Act. The person representing PhRMA and Lilly was Tony Rudy, the former deputy chief of staff for Mr. DeLay. Rudy also worked for Mr. Abramoff from 2001 to 2002. On January 9, 2006, the Alexander Strategy Group announced that it would shut its lobbying operations.[3]
Former White House Office of Management and Budget director Mitch Daniels is a former Lilly executive and oversaw the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003.
Senior Vice President and General Counsel for Eli Lilly, Robert A. Armitage, is the past chair of the Patent Committee of PhRMA. Eli Lilly President and CEO Sidney Taurel is a past president of the PhRMA.
International
PhRMA lobbying activities have extended outside of the United States. "America's big drug companies are intensifying their lobbying efforts to 'change the Canadian health-care system' and eliminate subsidized prescription drug prices enjoyed by Canadians," CanWest News Service reported on June 9, 2003. "A prescription drug industry spokesman in Washington confirmed to CanWest News Service that information contained in confidential industry documents is accurate and that $1 million US is being added to the already heavily funded drug lobby against the Canadian system." PhRMA was the leading drug industry trade group behind the increased lobbying and PR campaign. PhRMA was also independently spending $450,000 to target the booming Canadian Internet pharmacy industry, which has been providing Americans with prescription drugs at lower prices than in the United States.
Members
Some prominent members of PhRMA include the following. A full list of members is available at the PhRMA website.[4]
- 3M
- Astra Zeneca
- Bayer
- Boehringer Ingelheim
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Eli Lilly and Company
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Hoffmann-La Roche
- Merck
- Novartis
- Pfizer
- Procter & Gamble
- Sanofi-aventis
- Schering-Plough
- Wyeth
See also
- European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA)
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA)
- International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations (IFPMA)
- International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH)
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA)
- Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention and Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme
- Secure Access for Everyone (SAFE)
References
Related Reading
- John Mack, "PhRMA Intern vs. BOTOX!", Pharma Marketing Blog's Further Adventures of PhRMA Intern! fighting for believability, justice for pharmaceutical companies, and the PhRMA Way.
- Nicholas Confessore, "Meet the Press: How James Glassman reinvented journalism--as lobbying", Washington Monthly, December 2003.
- Sheryl Gay Stolberg, "Drug Lobby Pushed Letter By Senators On Medicare", New York Times, July 30, 2003, p. A15.
- Jim VandeHei and Juliet Eilperin, "Drug Firms Gain Church Group's Aid Claim About Import Measure Stirs Anger", Washington Post, July 23, 2003, p. A1.
- Tim Craig, "Community Leaders Decry Lobby Firm's Fax", Baltimore Sun, March 9, 2002.
- Peter H. Stone, "PhRMA Fights Back", National Journal, July 21, 2001.
- Julian Borger, "USA: The Pharmaceutical Industry Stalks the Corridors of Power", Guardian Unlimited, February 13, 2001
- Judy Sarasohn, "Tauzin to Head Drug Trade Group", Washington Post, December 16, 2004.
- Public Citizen, "Rep. Billy Tauzin Demonstrates That Washington's “Revolving Door” Is Spinning Out of Control: Public Citizen Calls for a Change in Ethics and Lobbying Rules", Media Release, December 15, 2004.