Vince Colletta
| Vince Colletta | |
|---|---|
| Nationality | Naturalized American (Italian emigrant) |
| Area(s) | Inker |
Vincent Joseph Colletta (born October 15, 1923 in Casteldaccia, Sicily; died 1991) was a highly prolific American comic book artist and art director best known as one of industry legend Jack Kirby's frequent inkers during the 1950s-1960s period called the Silver Age of comic books. This included many landmark early issues of Marvel Comics' Fantastic Four, and a long, celebrated run on the character Thor in Journey into Mystery and The Mighty Thor.[1]
Biography
Early life and career
Colletta entered comics in 1952, freelancing first as a penciler, inking his own work, for the publisher Better Comics. The following year he began his decades-long collaboration with Marvel, at the company's 1950s iteration, Atlas Comics. Primarily a romance comics artist, on the Atlas titles Love Romances, Lovers, My Own Romance, Stories of Romance, and The Romances of Nurse Helen Grant, Colletta's work also appeared in such genres as jungle adventure (Jungle Action, Jann of the Jungle, Lorna the Jungle Girl) and horror/fantasy (Uncanny Tales, Journey into Mystery).
During an Atlas retrenchment in the late 1950s, Colletta freelanced as a penciler on the DC Comics romance titles Falling in Love, Girls' Love Stories, and Heart Throbs, and Charlton Comics' Love Diary and Teen Confessions. His last confirmed pencil work for decades is "I Can't Marry Now" in Love Diary #6 (Sept. 1959).
Colletta's first confirmed work as an inker of another's work is unknown, largely due to credits not being given routinely in 1950s comics. Two possibilities suggested by historians and researchers are the cover of Atlas' Annie Oakley Western Tales #10 (April 1956), co-inking with Sol Brodsky over Brodsky's pencils, and the three-page story "I Met My Love Again", penciled by Matt Baker, in My Own Romance #65 (Sept. 1958). Additionally assigned to ink stories in Atlas' emerging science-fiction/fantasy and giant-monster comics, Colletta entered what fans and historians call "pre-superhero Marvel" with three Baker-penciled stories: "The Green Fog" in Journey into Mystery #50 (Jan. 1959), "I Fell to the Center of the Earth" in Tales to Astonish #2 (March 1959), and "The Brain Picker" in World of Fantasy #17 (April 1959).
Historians pinpoint Colletta's first inking of Jack Kirby's pencils as either the cover of Kid Colt: Outlaw #100 (Sept. 1961) or (with Colletta's credit confirmed), the cover of Love Romances #98 (March 1962).
Marvel Comics
As an inker for Marvel in the 1960s, Colletta worked on nearly every title, including some of the earliest issues of Daredevil. Notably, he inked Kirby's Fantastic Four #40-43, as well as The Fantastic Four Annual #3, featuring the wedding of Reed Richards and Susan Storm and guest-starring virtually all of the major Marvel Comics characters of the time.
Colletta began his six-year run on Kirby's "The Mighty Thor" feature with the "Tales of Asgard" backup in Journey into Mystery #106 (July 1964). Colletta graduated to the lead feature with #116 (May 1965). He continued through the book's retitling to The Mighty Thor with #126 (March 1966), and — except for one issue (#143) — inked it through #167 (Aug. 1969), picking up again from #176 (May 1970) to Kirby's final issue, #179 (Aug. 1970), inking John Buscema in #178.
Colletta also inked Journey into Mystery Annual #1 (1965), which introduced Hercules to the Marvel universe, and The Mighty Thor King-Size Annual #2.
Historians and critics consider Colletta's Thor work to be his creative highlight. One wrote that,
...Colletta's hair-thin, detailed inking style ... seemed devoid of large areas of black, [which are] used to give figures weight and heft but an artistic concept yet to be fully explored by the time of the Middle Ages, an era whose crude woodcuts most reflected the art style needed by the Thor strip[. It] captured the elusive quality of otherworldly drama that the strip would increasingly demand as [Stan] Lee and [Jack] Kirby took it away from the everyday world of supervillains to a mythic plane where the forces of evil were on a far more gargantuan scale. Despite the serendipity of the two men's styles, Colletta would later be criticized, with good reason, for compromising Kirby's artistic vision by eliminating much of the detail that the artist put into his work. Be that as it may, what Colletta chose to keep, he rendered in such a way that showed off aspects of Kirby's art that no inker before or since has ever been able to reproduce.[2]
Colletta would also pencil stories in many 1960s issues of Charlton Comics' Teen-Age Love and First Kiss (at least some of which has been credited in reprints as by "Vince Colletta Studio"). He occasionally inked romance stories penciled by Joe Sinnott, and other pencilers on such titles as Charlton's Gunmaster, and Dell Comics' Guerrilla War, Jungle War Stories, and Western series Idaho.
DC Comics
In 1970, Colletta — who had been freelancing for DC Comics since 1968 on the romance titles Falling In Love, Girls' Love Stories, Secret Hearts and Young Romance — stepped up his inking for the company following Jack Kirby's move there from Marvel Comics. Colletta inked Kirby's two black-and-white magazine one-shots, In the Days Of The Mob and Spirit World (both Oct. 1971), and, more notably, also inked the initial issues of the Kirby Superman's Pal, Jimmy Olsen and the "Fourth World" titles: The Forever People, Mister Miracle and The New Gods. While Colletta's rates were good and he brought "an innocent Marvel Age look to Jack's new heroes", he was prone to "erasing background characters" and transforming "[b]ustling crowd scenes [into] easier silhouettes".[3] Kirby confidante Mark Evanier and inker Wally Wood eventually convinced a reluctant Kirby to ask DC Publisher Carmine Infantino to remove Colletta from inking Kirby's titles.[3] He was replaced by inker Mike Royer, causing some fans to write to DC in complaint, denouncing Kirby for "abandoning the Marvel-style look".[3]
Colletta went on to ink an immense array at DC, including a variety of Batman, Superman and Green Lantern titles; the TV tie-in series Isis and Super Friends; and nearly every issue of Wonder Woman from #206 (July 1973) to #270 (Aug. 1980), over pencilers including Don Heck, Dick Dillin, Curt Swan, and Jose Delbo.
He was named DC's art director in May 1976, resigning the post in May 1979.[4] His time there included discovering future industry star Frank Miller. As one-time Marvel editor-in-chief Jim Shooter described, Miller had broken in with "a small job from Western Publishing, I think. Thus emboldened, he went to DC, and after getting savaged by Joe Orlando, got in to see art director Vinnie Colletta, who recognized talent and arranged for him to get a one-page war-comic job".[5]
Before and after his tenure, Colletta continued to do a small amount of inking for Marvel, as well as for Skywald Publications' black-and-white horror magazine Psycho. Well into the 1980s, Colletta continued to ink a wide assortment of comics for both DC and Marvel. His last known credit is a Marvel humor one-shot, Fred Hembeck Destroys the Marvel Universe (July 1989).
Art Cappello was Colletta's frequent background assistant. Wally Wood was among those who also assisted or ghosted for Colletta, who maintained an art studio in Manhattan.
Controversy
Colletta, regarded as one of the industry's fastest inkers and a reliable professional to call upon when a a comic was in danger of missing a printing deadline, has remained a controversial figure even after his passing.[6] In essence, the controversy centers on Colletta's erasing various degrees of a penciler's work, both in order to lessen the inking burden and to help meet time constraints during an industry era when printers charged then-prohibitive thousands of dollars for missed deadlines, which resulted in idle presses. As the major comics artist Joe Sinnott told author Ronin Ro, "When I penciled the romance stories, I used to tell myself, Vince wrecked what I did. ... He would eliminate people from the strip and use silhouettes, everything to cut corners and make the work easier for himself."[3] Writer Len Wein told an interviewer what he enjoyed most about working on Luke Cage was, "Getting to work with the wonderful George Tuska, before Vinnie Colletta got his hands on the pencils and ruined them".[7]
Jack Kirby partisans are particularly vocal. Mark Evanier said, "In 1970 when Steve Sherman and I met Steve Ditko, he asked us about the new Kirby books that were then about to debut at DC. When we told him Colletta was handling the inking, he winced and said that he would probably not look at the comics. Back when he was working for Marvel, Ditko said he'd pick up the latest issues in the office and always check the credits before taking the comics home. If he found Colletta's name — especially as Kirby's embellisher — he would make a point of putting the comic back, or even in a wastebasket. And he'd make sure Stan saw what he was doing and knew the reason why".[8]
Conversely, Colletta's admirers point to the speed with which Colletta was often required to work, and the results he could produce when given time. Critic Tony Seybert wrote that,
...for tales set in the distant past of myth and legend, Colletta's soft delicate inks evoke the vapors of ancient times [and are] just as effective on Asgardian crags as on the sylvan glades of Olympus. The Kirby/Colletta Thor is a mighty blond deity with a hint of Norse faerie-dust. Hercules is a roughly hewn sculpture, almost incomplete, like one of the unfinished prisoners of Michelangelo.[9]
Footnotes
- ^ As historian Nick Simon described in Simon, Nick. "The Silver Age Marvel Comics Cover Index: Vince Colletta", Colletta "was a talented penciler and one of the mainstays of the Atlas/Marvel romance titles of the 1950s. In the 1960s he made his name all over again as an inker, principally over Jack Kirby. For me, the Kirby/Colletta version of Thor is the definitive one".
- ^ Comtois, Pierre. "Marvel Comics in the Silver Age: Creating a Universe — Part III: The Grandiose Years"
- ^ a b c d Ro, Ronin. Tales to Astonish: Jack Kirby, Stan Lee and the American Comic Book Revolution (Bloomsbury, 2004)
- ^ DC Timeline 1976-1979
- ^ ManWithoutFear.com (July 1998): Jim Shooter interview
- ^ The magazine The Jack Kirby Collector #14 (Feb. 1997), for example, ran the point-counterpoint article "The Pros & Cons of Vince Colletta", by Tony Seybert and John Morrow, reprinted in The Collected Jack Kirby Collector, Volume Three (TwoMorrows, 2004)
- ^ Comicon.com Pulse News (posted July 5, 2005): "Englehart, Isabella , Isabella, & Luke Cage: An Essential Interviw"
- ^ Mark Evanier in The Jack Kirby Collector (date not given), reprinted in NeilAlien.com (Sept. 2005)
- ^ Seybert, Tony, The Jack Kirby Collector #14
References
- The Lambiek Comiclopedia: Vince Colletta
- The Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
- The Grand Comic Book Database