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{{short description|American novelist}}
{{short description|American novelist}}
{{Use American English}}
{{Use American English|date=October 2020}}
{{Use MDY dates}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Harry Leon Wilson
| name = Harry Leon Wilson
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| birth_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1867|5|1}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1867|5|1}}
| birth_place = [[Oregon, Illinois]]
| birth_place = [[Oregon, Illinois]], U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|1939|6|28|1867|5|1}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1939|6|28|1867|5|1}}
| death_place = [[Carmel, California]]
| death_place = [[Carmel, California]], U.S.
| occupation = Novelist/Dramatist
| occupation = Novelist, dramatist
| spouse = Wilbertine Nesselrode Teters (1898-1900)<br>[[Rose O'Neill]] (1902-1907)<br>Helen MacGowan Cooke (1912-1927)
| spouse = Wilbertine Nesselrode Teters (m. 1898–1900)<br>[[Rose O'Neill]] (m. 1902–1907)<br>Helen MacGowan Cooke (m. 1912–1927)
| yearsactive = 1886–1939
| yearsactive = 1886–1939
}}
}}
'''Harry Leon Wilson''' (May 1, 1867 – June 28, 1939) was an American novelist and dramatist best known for his novels ''Ruggles of Red Gap'' and ''[[Merton of the Movies (novel)|Merton of the Movies]]''. His novel ''Bunker Bean'' helped popularize the term [[flapper]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Harry Leon Wilson|date=1 July 1939|work=[[The Washington Post]]|pages=8|location=Washington, D. C.|id = {{ProQuest|151163970}}}}</ref>
'''Harry Leon Wilson''' (May 1, 1867 – June 28, 1939) was an American novelist and dramatist best known for his novels ''Ruggles of Red Gap'' and ''[[Merton of the Movies (novel)|Merton of the Movies]]''. Another of his works, ''Bunker Bean'', helped popularize the term "[[flapper]]".<ref>{{cite news|title=Harry Leon Wilson|date=1 July 1939|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|pages=8|location=Washington, D. C.|id = {{ProQuest|151163970}}}}</ref>


==Life and career==
==Early life==
Harry Leon Wilson was born in [[Oregon, Illinois]], the son of Samuel and Adeline (née Kidder).<ref name="DAB">{{cite web|url=http://infotrac.galegroup.com|title=Harry Leon Wilson|publisher=American Council of Learned Societies|date=1944–1958|work=Dictionary of American Biography, Supplements 1-2: To 1940|accessdate=8 April 2010}}</ref> Samuel was a newspaper publisher, and Harry learned to set type at an early age.<ref name="Bancroft">{{cite web|url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=tf796nb2hn;query=;style=oac4;view=admin|title=Guide to the Harry Leon Wilson Papers, ca. 1879-1939|publisher=[[Bancroft Library]]|accessdate=8 April 2010|location=[[Berkeley, California]]}}</ref> He began work as a [[stenographer]] after leaving home at sixteen. He worked his way west through [[Topeka, Kansas|Topeka]], [[Omaha, Nebraska|Omaha]], [[Denver]], and eventually to [[California]]. He was a contributor to the histories of [[Hubert Howe Bancroft]], and became the private secretary to [[Virgil Bogue]].<ref name="DAB" />
Harry Leon Wilson was born in [[Oregon, Illinois]] to Samuel and Adeline (née Kidder).<ref name="DAB">{{cite web|url=http://infotrac.galegroup.com|title=Harry Leon Wilson|publisher=American Council of Learned Societies|date=1944–1958|work=Dictionary of American Biography, Supplements 1-2: To 1940|access-date=8 April 2010}}</ref> His father was a newspaper publisher, and Harry learned to set type at an early age.<ref name="Bancroft">{{cite web|url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=tf796nb2hn;query=;style=oac4;view=admin|title=Guide to the Harry Leon Wilson Papers, ca. 1879-1939|publisher=Bancroft Library|access-date=8 April 2010|location=Berkeley, California}}</ref> He went to public schools and enjoyed reading [[Bret Harte]] and [[Mark Twain]]. He learned shorthand and secretarial skills.<ref name="Dramov">{{cite book|last=Dramov|first=Alissandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GtRzAgAAQBAJ|title=Carmel-by-the-Sea, The Early Years (1803-1913)|work=[[AuthorHouse]]|place=Blomington, Indiana|date=2012|pages=172–173|isbn=9781491824146|access-date=2023-03-03}}</ref>


==Biography and career==
⚫
In December 1886, Wilson's story ''The Elusive Dollar Bill'' was accepted by [[Puck (magazine)|Puck]] magazine. He continued to contribute to Puck and became assistant editor in 1892. [[Henry Cuyler Bunner]] died in 1896 and Wilson replaced him as editor. The publication of ''The Spenders'' allowed Wilson to quit Puck in 1902 and devote himself full-time to writing.<ref name="Bancroft" />
Wilson left home at 16 and worked for the [[Union Pacific Railroad]] as a [[stenographer]] in [[Topeka, Kansas]], [[Omaha, Nebraska]], [[Denver]], Colorado, and eventually he came to California in 1887. He was a contributor to the histories of [[Hubert Howe Bancroft]], and became the private secretary to [[Virgil Bogue]].<ref name="DAB" /><ref name="Dramov"/>


⚫
In December 1886, Wilson's story "The Elusive Dollar Bill" was accepted by ''[[Puck (magazine)|Puck]]'' magazine. He continued to contribute to Puck and became assistant editor in 1892. [[Henry Cuyler Bunner]] died in 1896 and Wilson replaced him as editor.
⚫
<blockquote>
⚫
<p>I had to live ten years in [[New York City|New York]]. It was then a simple town, with few street lights north of Forty-second street. Now the place is pretty terrible to me, perhaps the ugliest city in the world. I decided that the only way to get out of New York was to write a successful novel. So I tried with ''The Spenders'' and when I got a substantial advance from publishers, I quit my job and beat it for the high hills of Colorado.</p>


⚫
Wilson's first wife was Wilbertine Nesselrode Teters Worden,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/archival/collections/ldpd_4078529/index.html|title=Wilbertine Teters Worden Papers 1859-1949|publisher=Columbia University Libraries|access-date=8 April 2010}}</ref> whom he married in 1898. The marriage ended in divorce in 1900. In 1902, he married [[Rose O'Neill|Rose Cecil O'Neill Latham]]. O'Neill and Wilson worked together at ''Puck'', and she was the illustrator for four of his books; they divorced in 1907. Wilson's black and white [[pit bull]] dog named Sprangle was the inspiration for Rose O'Neill's [[biscuit porcelain]] [[Kewpie]] dog figure, known to the world as "Kewpiedoodle dog" and sold worldwide by importer George Borgfeldt.<ref>(cite International Rose O'Neill Society, Bonniebrook Museum, curator Susan Wilson.)</ref>
⚫
<p>—Harry Leon Wilson<ref>{{cite news|title=Harry Leon Wilson, Noted Author, Dies in Sleep :Creator of 'Flapper' Stricken at 72; Ill Several Years|date=30 June 1939|work=[[The Washington Post]]|location=[[Washington, D. C.]]|id = {{ProQuest|151161569}}}}</ref></p>
</blockquote>


The publication of ''The Spenders'' allowed Wilson to quit ''Puck'' in 1902 and devote himself full-time to writing.<ref name="Bancroft" />
⚫
Wilson returned to New York where he met [[Booth Tarkington]] in 1904. Tarkington and Wilson traveled together to Europe in 1905. The two completed the play ''The Man from Home'' in 1906 in Paris. The play was a resounding success and was followed by more collaborations with Tarkington, but none repeated the success of the first.<ref name="DAB" /> Wilson was elected to the [[American Academy of Arts and Letters|National Institute of Arts and Letters]] in 1908.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artsandletters.org/academicians2_deceased.php#w|title=American Academy of Arts and Letters - Deceased Members|publisher=[[American Academy of Arts and Letters]]|accessdate=8 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726004624/http://www.artsandletters.org/academicians2_deceased.php#w|archivedate=26 July 2011}}</ref>


⚫
{{blockquote|
⚫
Wilson returned from Europe and settled permanently into the Bohemian colony at [[Carmel-by-the-Sea, California]], which included among its artists and literati [[Jack London]], [[Mary Hunter Austin]], [[George Sterling]], [[Upton Sinclair]], [[Xavier Martinez]], [[Ambrose Bierce]], [[Alice MacGowan]], [[Sinclair Lewis]], [[Francis McComas (painter)|Francis McComas]], and [[Arnold Genthe]]. It was during this period that Wilson wrote the books for which he is most well known, ''Bunker Bean'' (1913) and ''Ruggles of Red Gap'' (1915). After a brief stint in Hollywood, he composed ''Merton of the Movies'' in 1922.<ref name="Bancroft" />
⚫
<p>I had to live ten years in New York. It was then a simple town, with few street lights north of Forty-second street. Now the place is pretty terrible to me, perhaps the ugliest city in the world. I decided that the only way to get out of New York was to write a successful novel. So I tried with ''The Spenders'' and when I got a substantial advance from publishers, I quit my job and beat it for the high hills of Colorado.</p>


⚫
<p>—Harry Leon Wilson<ref>{{cite news|title=Harry Leon Wilson, Noted Author, Dies in Sleep :Creator of 'Flapper' Stricken at 72; Ill Several Years|date=30 June 1939|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|location=[[Washington, D. C.]]|id = {{ProQuest|151161569}}}}</ref></p>
⚫
In 1912 Wilson married Helen MacGowan Cooke, the daughter of Grace MacGowan and the niece of Alice MacGowan. Two years later, when someone attempted to murder Alice by poison and steal her diamonds and cash, her nephew Wilson and writer Jimmy Hopper became amateur detectives, but the perpetrator was never discovered.<ref name="edwards">{{cite book|last1=Edwards |first1=Robert W.| title=Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, Vol. 1|date=2012|publisher=East Bay Heritage Project| location=Oakland, Calif.|isbn=9781467545679 |pages=49, 137–138, 193–194, 360–361, 509}} An online facsimile of the entire text of Vol. 1 is posted on the Traditional Fine Arts Organization website ({{cite web |url=http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/10aa/10aa557.htm |title=Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, vol. One, East Bay Heritage Project, Oakland, 2012; by Robert W. Edwards |accessdate=2016-06-07 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429115613/http://tfaoi.com/aa/10aa/10aa557.htm |archivedate=2016-04-29 }}).</ref> Certainly the most embarrassing event in Wilson’s life occurred in March 1922 when he fought and lost a highly publicized “duel of fists” with the noted landscape painter [[Theodore Morrow Criley]]. Carmel was collectively humiliated when the sordid details of their long-standing feud made banner headlines in the [[San Francisco]] press and was given prominent coverage across the country on the International News Wire, including stories in the ''Los Angeles Times'' and ''New York Times''.<ref>''San Francisco Examiner'', 30 March 1922, pp. 1, 3.</ref><ref>''Los Angeles Times'', 31 March 1922, p. I-13.</ref><ref>''New York Times'', 31 March 1922, p. 13.</ref> It was revealed that their argument had its origins with “a light romantic” love scene between Criley and Wilson’s wife in the 1921 production of ''Pomander Walk'' at Carmel’s Forest Theatre.<ref name=edwards /> The resentful Wilson sent Criley a series of accusatory letters, including a twenty-four page invective, and demanded satisfaction in this “affair of honor.” After three months of physical training and instruction in boxing in Honolulu Wilson returned and the two men met on “a high cliff overlooking the sea” where Criley thrashed the writer in ten minutes.<ref>''Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette'', 9 April 1922, p. 11.</ref><ref>''The Capital News'' (Madison, Wisconsin), 13 April 1922, p. 11.</ref>
}}

⚫
Wilson returned to New York where he met [[Booth Tarkington]] in 1904. Tarkington and Wilson traveled together to Europe in 1905. The two completed the play ''The Man from Home'' in 1906 in Paris.<ref name="DAB" /> Wilson was elected to the [[American Academy of Arts and Letters|National Institute of Arts and Letters]] in 1908.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artsandletters.org/academicians2_deceased.php#w|title=American Academy of Arts and Letters - Deceased Members|publisher=[[American Academy of Arts and Letters]]|access-date=8 April 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726004624/http://www.artsandletters.org/academicians2_deceased.php#w|archive-date=26 July 2011}}</ref>

⚫
Wilson returned from Europe and settled permanently into the Bohemian colony at [[Carmel-by-the-Sea, California]] in 1910, which included [[Jack London]], [[Mary Hunter Austin]], [[George Sterling]], [[Upton Sinclair]], [[Xavier Martinez]], [[Ambrose Bierce]], [[Alice MacGowan]], [[Sinclair Lewis]], [[Francis McComas (painter)|Francis McComas]], and [[Arnold Genthe]]. It was during this period that Wilson wrote the books for which he is best known: ''Bunker Bean'' (1913) and ''Ruggles of Red Gap'' (1915).

In 1912, Wilson married Helen MacGowan Cooke, the daughter of [[Grace MacGowan Cooke]] and the niece of [[Alice MacGowan]]. Wilson moved from Carmel to [[Carmel Highlands]] where he built a home he called "The Ocean Home." The home had 12 rooms on {{convert|8|acre||adj=pre|}} of land and was completed in 1912.<ref name="Dramov"/> The couple had two children, Harry Leon Wilson Jr. in 1913 and [[Charis Wilson]] in 1914.<ref name="Marriage">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-marriage-of-h/103438137/|title=Harry Leon Wilson Marries Young Gir|work=The San Francisco Examiner |place=San Francisco, California|date=June 14, 1912|pages=1|access-date=2023-06-29}}</ref>

In 1914, someone attempted to murder Alice MacGowan by poison and to steal her diamonds and cash; Wilson and writer Jimmy Hopper became amateur detectives, but the perpetrator was never discovered.<ref name="edwards">{{cite book|last1=Edwards |first1=Robert W.| title=Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, Vol. 1|date=2012|publisher=East Bay Heritage Project| location=Oakland, Calif.|isbn=9781467545679 |pages=49, 137–138, 193–194, 360–361, 509}} An online facsimile of the entire text of Vol. 1 is posted on the Traditional Fine Arts Organization website ({{cite web |url=http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/10aa/10aa557.htm |title=Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, vol. One, East Bay Heritage Project, Oakland, 2012; by Robert W. Edwards |access-date=2016-06-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429115613/http://tfaoi.com/aa/10aa/10aa557.htm |archive-date=2016-04-29 }}).</ref>

After a brief stint in Hollywood, Wilson wrote ''Merton of the Movies'' in 1922.<ref name="Bancroft" />

⚫
In March 1922, Wilson fought and lost a highly publicized "duel of fists" with landscape painter [[Theodore Morrow Criley]]. Details of their long-standing feud made banner headlines in the San Francisco press and were given prominent coverage across the country on the International News Wire, including stories in the ''Los Angeles Times'' and ''New York Times''.<ref>''San Francisco Examiner'', 30 March 1922, pp. 1, 3.</ref><ref>''Los Angeles Times'', 31 March 1922, p. I-13.</ref><ref>''New York Times'', 31 March 1922, p. 13.</ref> It was revealed that their argument originated with "a light romantic" love scene between Criley and Wilson's wife in the 1921 production of ''Pomander Walk'' at Carmel's Forest Theatre.<ref name=edwards /> Wilson sent Criley a series of accusatory letters, including a 24-page invective, and demanded satisfaction in this "affair of honor". He spent three months in Honolulu undergoing physical training and instruction in boxing, then he returned and the two men met on "a high cliff overlooking the sea". Criley thrashed Wilson in ten minutes.<ref>''Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette'', 9 April 1922, p. 11.</ref><ref>''The Capital News'' (Madison, Wisconsin), 13 April 1922, p. 11.</ref>

[[File:The Court of the Golden Bough, Carmel-by-the-Sea, Monterey, California LCCN2013630705.tif|thumb|Sade's in the Court of the Golden Bough Theater.]]


In 1925, Wilson built a two-story commercial building for Helen, who ran a flower shop called the Bloomin' Basement. It was in front of the two-story [[Theatre of the Golden Bough|Golden Bough Theater]] on Ocean Avenue in downtown Carmel. It later became a popular Bohemian bar and restaurant, [[Sade's]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Dramov|first=Alissandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PaiGEAAAQBAJ|title=Past & Present Carmel-By-The-Sea|publisher=[[Arcadia Publishing]]|place=Charleston, South Carolina|date=2022|page=16|isbn=9781467108980|access-date=2023-03-08}}</ref>
A severe auto accident in 1932 greatly affected his health during his remaining years, and he died of a [[Cerebral hemorrhage|brain hemorrhage]] on June 28, 1939 in Carmel.<ref name="DAB" />
Wilson and Cooke divorced in 1927.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC|title=Harry Leon Wilson|year=2010|work=Contemporary Authors Online|publisher=Gale Group|access-date=8 April 2010}}</ref>


== Later life and death==
==Personal==
A severe auto accident in 1932 greatly affected Wilson's health during his remaining years. He died of a brain hemorrhage on June 28, 1939, while residing with friends at [[Carmel Point]]. He was 72 years of age.<ref name="DAB" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105925650/carmel-point/|title=Famed Author Is Dead at Carmel|work=Napa Journal|place=Napa, California|date=30 Jun 1939|page=6|access-date=2022-07-19}}</ref>
⚫
Wilson was married three times. His first wife was Wilbertine Nesselrode Teters Worden,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/archival/collections/ldpd_4078529/index.html|title=Wilbertine Teters Worden Papers 1859-1949|publisher=Columbia University Libraries|accessdate=8 April 2010}}</ref> whom he married in 1898. The marriage ended in divorce in 1900. In 1902, he married [[Rose O'Neill|Rose Cecil O'Neill Latham]]. O'Neill and Wilson worked together at ''Puck'', and she was the illustrator for four of his books; they divorced in 1907. Wilson's black and white [[pit bull]] dog named Sprangle was the inspiration for Rose O'Neill's [[biscuit porcelain]] [[Kewpie]] dog figure, known to the world as "Kewpiedoodle dog" and sold worldwide by importer George Borgfeldt.<ref>(cite International Rose O'Neill Society, Bonniebrook Museum, curator Susan Wilson.)</ref> Wilson married Helen MacGowan Cooke in 1912. They had two children: Harry Leon Wilson, Jr. and [[Charis Wilson|Helen Charis Wilson]]. Cooke and Wilson divorced in 1927.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC|title=Harry Leon Wilson|year=2010|work=Contemporary Authors Online|publisher=Gale Group|accessdate=8 April 2010}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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[[File:The boss of Little Arcady (1905) (14784815755).jpg|thumb|Illustration in ''The Boss of Little Arcady'' (1905) by [[Rose Cecil O'Neill]]]]
[[File:The boss of Little Arcady (1905) (14784815755).jpg|thumb|Illustration in ''The Boss of Little Arcady'' (1905) by [[Rose Cecil O'Neill]]]]
*''Zigzag Tales from the East to the West'' (1894)
*''Zigzag Tales from the East to the West'' (1894)
*''The Spenders: A Tale of the Third Generation'' (1902) illustrated by [[Rose O'Neill|Rose Cecil O'Neill]]; adapted into the 1921 film ''The Spenders''.
*''The Spenders: A Tale of the Third Generation'' (1902) illustrated by [[Rose O'Neill|Rose Cecil O'Neill]]; adapted into the 1921 film ''[[The Spenders]]''.
*''The Lions of the Lord, a Tale of the Old West'' (1903) illustrated by Rose Cecil O'Neill
*''The Lions of the Lord, a Tale of the Old West'' (1903) illustrated by Rose Cecil O'Neill
*''The Seeker'' (1904) illustrated by Rose Cecil O'Neill
*''The Seeker'' (1904) illustrated by Rose Cecil O'Neill
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*''Ewing's Lady'' (1907)
*''Ewing's Lady'' (1907)
*''The Man from Home'' (1908) co-written with [[Booth Tarkington]]; adapted into two films, ''[[The Man from Home (1914 film)|The Man from Home]]'' (1914) and ''[[The Man from Home (1922 film)|The Man from Home]]'' (1922).
*''The Man from Home'' (1908) co-written with [[Booth Tarkington]]; adapted into two films, ''[[The Man from Home (1914 film)|The Man from Home]]'' (1914) and ''[[The Man from Home (1922 film)|The Man from Home]]'' (1922).
*''Cameo Kirby'' (1908) co-written with Booth Tarkington; adapted several times into films ''[[Cameo Kirby (disambiguation)|Cameo Kirby]]''<!--intentional link to DAB page-->.
*''Cameo Kirby'' (1908) co-written with Booth Tarkington; adapted into three films, ''[[Cameo Kirby (1914 film)|Cameo Kirby]]'' (1914), ''[[Cameo Kirby (1923 film)|Cameo Kirby]]'' (1923) and ''[[Cameo Kirby (1930 film)|Cameo Kirby]]'' (1930).
*''Foreign Exchange'' (1909) co-written with Booth Tarkington
*''Foreign Exchange'' (1909) co-written with Booth Tarkington
*''Springtime'' (1909) co-written with Booth Tarkington; adapted into the 1914 film ''Springtime''.
*''Springtime'' (1909) co-written with Booth Tarkington; adapted into the 1914 film ''Springtime''.
*''If I Had Money'' (1909) co-written with Booth Tarkington
*''If I Had Money'' (1909) co-written with Booth Tarkington
*''Your Humble Servant'' (1910) co-written with Booth Tarkington
*''Your Humble Servant'' (1910) co-written with Booth Tarkington
*''Bunker Bean'' (1913) illustrated by [[Frederic R. Gruger]]; adapted into three films, ''His Majesty, Bunker Bean'' (1918), ''His Majesty, Bunker Bean'' (1925) ''[[Bunker Bean]]'' (1936).
*''Bunker Bean'' (1913) illustrated by [[Frederic R. Gruger]]; adapted into three films, ''[[His Majesty, Bunker Bean (1918 film)|His Majesty, Bunker Bean]]'' (1918), ''[[His Majesty, Bunker Bean (1925 film)|His Majesty, Bunker Bean]]'' (1925) and ''[[Bunker Bean]]'' (1936).
*''Ruggles of Red Gap'' (1915) illustrated by Frederic R. Gruger; adapted into four films, ''[[Ruggles of Red Gap (1918 film)|Ruggles of Red Gap]]'' (1918), ''[[Ruggles of Red Gap (1923 film)|Ruggles of Red Gap]]'' (1923), ''[[Ruggles of Red Gap]]'' (1935) and ''[[Fancy Pants (film)|Fancy Pants]]'' (1950).
*''Ruggles of Red Gap'' (1915) illustrated by Frederic R. Gruger; adapted into four films, ''[[Ruggles of Red Gap (1918 film)|Ruggles of Red Gap]]'' (1918), ''[[Ruggles of Red Gap (1923 film)|Ruggles of Red Gap]]'' (1923), ''[[Ruggles of Red Gap]]'' (1935) and ''[[Fancy Pants (film)|Fancy Pants]]'' (1950).
*''The Man from Home: A Novel'' (1915) based on the play
*''The Man from Home: A Novel'' (1915) based on the play
Line 66: Line 82:
*''[[Merton of the Movies (novel)|Merton of the Movies]]'' (1922) adapted into three films, ''[[Merton of the Movies (1924 film)|Merton of the Movies]]'' (1924), ''[[Make Me a Star (film)|Make Me a Star]]'' (1932), and ''[[Merton of the Movies (1947 film)|Merton of the Movies]]'' (1947)
*''[[Merton of the Movies (novel)|Merton of the Movies]]'' (1922) adapted into three films, ''[[Merton of the Movies (1924 film)|Merton of the Movies]]'' (1924), ''[[Make Me a Star (film)|Make Me a Star]]'' (1932), and ''[[Merton of the Movies (1947 film)|Merton of the Movies]]'' (1947)
*''So This Is Golf!'' 1923)
*''So This Is Golf!'' 1923)
*''Oh, Doctor!'' (1923) adapted into the two films, ''Oh, Doctor!'' (1925) and ''Oh, Doctor!'' (1937).
*''Oh, Doctor!'' (1923) adapted into the two films, ''[[Oh Doctor! (1925 film)|Oh Doctor!]]'' (1925) and ''[[Oh, Doctor]]'' (1937).
*''Ma Pettengill Talks'' (1923)
*''Ma Pettengill Talks'' (1923)
*''Professor How Could You!'' (1924)
*''Professor How Could You!'' (1924)
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{{Wikisource author}}
{{Wikisource author}}
{{commons category|Harry Leon Wilson}}
{{commons category|Harry Leon Wilson}}
* {{Gutenberg author |id=Wilson,+Harry+Leon | name=Harry Leon Wilson}}
* {{Gutenberg author |id=1206| name=Harry Leon Wilson}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Harry Leon Wilson |sopt=t}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Harry Leon Wilson |sopt=t}}
* {{Librivox author |id=5348}}
* {{Librivox author |id=5348}}
* {{IMDb name|id=0933491|name=Harry Leon Wilson}}
* {{IMDb name|id=0933491|name=Harry Leon Wilson}}
*{{IBDB name}}
*{{IBDB name}}
*{{Find a Grave|43154526}}
*[http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf796nb2hn/ Harry Leon Wilson Papers, ca. 1879-1939] at the [[Bancroft Library]] at the [[University of California, Berkeley|University of California]]
*[http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf796nb2hn/ Harry Leon Wilson Papers, ca. 1879-1939] at the [[Bancroft Library]] at the [[University of California, Berkeley|University of California]]
* {{LCAuth|n82116300|Harry Leon Wilson|50|}}
* {{LCAuth|n82116300|Harry Leon Wilson|50|}}
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[[Category:1867 births]]
[[Category:1867 births]]
[[Category:1939 deaths]]
[[Category:1939 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century American novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century American novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century American novelists]]
[[Category:American male novelists]]
[[Category:American male novelists]]
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[[Category:20th-century American dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century American dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:American male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:American male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:19th-century American male writers]]
⚫
[[Category:People from Carmel-by-the-Sea, California]]
⚫
[[Category:People from Oregon, Illinois]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
⚫
[[Category:Writers from Carmel-by-the-Sea, California]]
⚫
[[Category:People from Oregon, Illinois]]
[[Category:Novelists from California]]
[[Category:Novelists from California]]

Latest revision as of 05:32, 21 January 2024

Harry Leon Wilson
Born(1867-05-01)May 1, 1867
Oregon, Illinois, U.S.
DiedJune 28, 1939(1939-06-28) (aged 72)
Carmel, California, U.S.
Occupation(s)Novelist, dramatist
Years active1886–1939
Spouse(s)Wilbertine Nesselrode Teters (m. 1898–1900)
Rose O'Neill (m. 1902–1907)
Helen MacGowan Cooke (m. 1912–1927)

Harry Leon Wilson (May 1, 1867 – June 28, 1939) was an American novelist and dramatist best known for his novels Ruggles of Red Gap and Merton of the Movies. Another of his works, Bunker Bean, helped popularize the term "flapper".[1]

Early life[edit]

Harry Leon Wilson was born in Oregon, Illinois to Samuel and Adeline (née Kidder).[2] His father was a newspaper publisher, and Harry learned to set type at an early age.[3] He went to public schools and enjoyed reading Bret Harte and Mark Twain. He learned shorthand and secretarial skills.[4]

Biography and career[edit]

Wilson left home at 16 and worked for the Union Pacific Railroad as a stenographer in Topeka, Kansas, Omaha, Nebraska, Denver, Colorado, and eventually he came to California in 1887. He was a contributor to the histories of Hubert Howe Bancroft, and became the private secretary to Virgil Bogue.[2][4]

In December 1886, Wilson's story "The Elusive Dollar Bill" was accepted by Puck magazine. He continued to contribute to Puck and became assistant editor in 1892. Henry Cuyler Bunner died in 1896 and Wilson replaced him as editor.

Wilson's first wife was Wilbertine Nesselrode Teters Worden,[5] whom he married in 1898. The marriage ended in divorce in 1900. In 1902, he married Rose Cecil O'Neill Latham. O'Neill and Wilson worked together at Puck, and she was the illustrator for four of his books; they divorced in 1907. Wilson's black and white pit bull dog named Sprangle was the inspiration for Rose O'Neill's biscuit porcelain Kewpie dog figure, known to the world as "Kewpiedoodle dog" and sold worldwide by importer George Borgfeldt.[6]

The publication of The Spenders allowed Wilson to quit Puck in 1902 and devote himself full-time to writing.[3]

I had to live ten years in New York. It was then a simple town, with few street lights north of Forty-second street. Now the place is pretty terrible to me, perhaps the ugliest city in the world. I decided that the only way to get out of New York was to write a successful novel. So I tried with The Spenders and when I got a substantial advance from publishers, I quit my job and beat it for the high hills of Colorado.

—Harry Leon Wilson[7]

Wilson returned to New York where he met Booth Tarkington in 1904. Tarkington and Wilson traveled together to Europe in 1905. The two completed the play The Man from Home in 1906 in Paris.[2] Wilson was elected to the National Institute of Arts and Letters in 1908.[8]

Wilson returned from Europe and settled permanently into the Bohemian colony at Carmel-by-the-Sea, California in 1910, which included Jack London, Mary Hunter Austin, George Sterling, Upton Sinclair, Xavier Martinez, Ambrose Bierce, Alice MacGowan, Sinclair Lewis, Francis McComas, and Arnold Genthe. It was during this period that Wilson wrote the books for which he is best known: Bunker Bean (1913) and Ruggles of Red Gap (1915).

In 1912, Wilson married Helen MacGowan Cooke, the daughter of Grace MacGowan Cooke and the niece of Alice MacGowan. Wilson moved from Carmel to Carmel Highlands where he built a home he called "The Ocean Home." The home had 12 rooms on 8 acres (3.2 ha) of land and was completed in 1912.[4] The couple had two children, Harry Leon Wilson Jr. in 1913 and Charis Wilson in 1914.[9]

In 1914, someone attempted to murder Alice MacGowan by poison and to steal her diamonds and cash; Wilson and writer Jimmy Hopper became amateur detectives, but the perpetrator was never discovered.[10]

After a brief stint in Hollywood, Wilson wrote Merton of the Movies in 1922.[3]

In March 1922, Wilson fought and lost a highly publicized "duel of fists" with landscape painter Theodore Morrow Criley. Details of their long-standing feud made banner headlines in the San Francisco press and were given prominent coverage across the country on the International News Wire, including stories in the Los Angeles Times and New York Times.[11][12][13] It was revealed that their argument originated with "a light romantic" love scene between Criley and Wilson's wife in the 1921 production of Pomander Walk at Carmel's Forest Theatre.[10] Wilson sent Criley a series of accusatory letters, including a 24-page invective, and demanded satisfaction in this "affair of honor". He spent three months in Honolulu undergoing physical training and instruction in boxing, then he returned and the two men met on "a high cliff overlooking the sea". Criley thrashed Wilson in ten minutes.[14][15]

Sade's in the Court of the Golden Bough Theater.

In 1925, Wilson built a two-story commercial building for Helen, who ran a flower shop called the Bloomin' Basement. It was in front of the two-story Golden Bough Theater on Ocean Avenue in downtown Carmel. It later became a popular Bohemian bar and restaurant, Sade's.[16] Wilson and Cooke divorced in 1927.[17]

Later life and death[edit]

A severe auto accident in 1932 greatly affected Wilson's health during his remaining years. He died of a brain hemorrhage on June 28, 1939, while residing with friends at Carmel Point. He was 72 years of age.[2][18]

See also[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

Illustration in The Boss of Little Arcady (1905) by Rose Cecil O'Neill
  • Zigzag Tales from the East to the West (1894)
  • The Spenders: A Tale of the Third Generation (1902) illustrated by Rose Cecil O'Neill; adapted into the 1921 film The Spenders.
  • The Lions of the Lord, a Tale of the Old West (1903) illustrated by Rose Cecil O'Neill
  • The Seeker (1904) illustrated by Rose Cecil O'Neill
  • The Boss of Little Arcady (1905) illustrated by Rose Cecil O'Neill
  • Ewing's Lady (1907)
  • The Man from Home (1908) co-written with Booth Tarkington; adapted into two films, The Man from Home (1914) and The Man from Home (1922).
  • Cameo Kirby (1908) co-written with Booth Tarkington; adapted into three films, Cameo Kirby (1914), Cameo Kirby (1923) and Cameo Kirby (1930).
  • Foreign Exchange (1909) co-written with Booth Tarkington
  • Springtime (1909) co-written with Booth Tarkington; adapted into the 1914 film Springtime.
  • If I Had Money (1909) co-written with Booth Tarkington
  • Your Humble Servant (1910) co-written with Booth Tarkington
  • Bunker Bean (1913) illustrated by Frederic R. Gruger; adapted into three films, His Majesty, Bunker Bean (1918), His Majesty, Bunker Bean (1925) and Bunker Bean (1936).
  • Ruggles of Red Gap (1915) illustrated by Frederic R. Gruger; adapted into four films, Ruggles of Red Gap (1918), Ruggles of Red Gap (1923), Ruggles of Red Gap (1935) and Fancy Pants (1950).
  • The Man from Home: A Novel (1915) based on the play
  • Somewhere in Red Gap (1916) illustrated by John R. Neill
  • Life (1919) play
  • The Gibson Upright (1919) co-written with Booth Tarkington
  • Ma Pettengill (1919)
  • The Wrong Twin (1921) illustrated by Frederic R. Gruger
  • Merton of the Movies (1922) adapted into three films, Merton of the Movies (1924), Make Me a Star (1932), and Merton of the Movies (1947)
  • So This Is Golf! 1923)
  • Oh, Doctor! (1923) adapted into the two films, Oh Doctor! (1925) and Oh, Doctor (1937).
  • Ma Pettengill Talks (1923)
  • Professor How Could You! (1924)
  • Tweedles (1924) co-written with Booth Tarkington
  • Cousin Jane (1925)
  • Lone Tree (1929)
  • How's Your Health? (1930) co-written with Booth Tarkington
  • Two Black Sheep (1931)
  • When in the Course-- (1940)

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Harry Leon Wilson". The Washington Post. Washington, D. C. July 1, 1939. p. 8. ProQuest 151163970.
  2. ^ a b c d "Harry Leon Wilson". Dictionary of American Biography, Supplements 1-2: To 1940. American Council of Learned Societies. 1944–1958. Retrieved April 8, 2010.
  3. ^ a b c "Guide to the Harry Leon Wilson Papers, ca. 1879-1939". Berkeley, California: Bancroft Library. Retrieved April 8, 2010.
  4. ^ a b c Dramov, Alissandra (2012). Carmel-by-the-Sea, The Early Years (1803-1913). Blomington, Indiana. pp. 172–173. ISBN 9781491824146. Retrieved March 3, 2023. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^ "Wilbertine Teters Worden Papers 1859-1949". Columbia University Libraries. Retrieved April 8, 2010.
  6. ^ (cite International Rose O'Neill Society, Bonniebrook Museum, curator Susan Wilson.)
  7. ^ "Harry Leon Wilson, Noted Author, Dies in Sleep :Creator of 'Flapper' Stricken at 72; Ill Several Years". The Washington Post. Washington, D. C. June 30, 1939. ProQuest 151161569.
  8. ^ "American Academy of Arts and Letters - Deceased Members". American Academy of Arts and Letters. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved April 8, 2010.
  9. ^ "Harry Leon Wilson Marries Young Gir". The San Francisco Examiner. San Francisco, California. June 14, 1912. p. 1. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
  10. ^ a b Edwards, Robert W. (2012). Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, Vol. 1. Oakland, Calif.: East Bay Heritage Project. pp. 49, 137–138, 193–194, 360–361, 509. ISBN 9781467545679. An online facsimile of the entire text of Vol. 1 is posted on the Traditional Fine Arts Organization website ("Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, vol. One, East Bay Heritage Project, Oakland, 2012; by Robert W. Edwards". Archived from the original on April 29, 2016. Retrieved June 7, 2016.).
  11. ^ San Francisco Examiner, 30 March 1922, pp. 1, 3.
  12. ^ Los Angeles Times, 31 March 1922, p. I-13.
  13. ^ New York Times, 31 March 1922, p. 13.
  14. ^ Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette, 9 April 1922, p. 11.
  15. ^ The Capital News (Madison, Wisconsin), 13 April 1922, p. 11.
  16. ^ Dramov, Alissandra (2022). Past & Present Carmel-By-The-Sea. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. p. 16. ISBN 9781467108980. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
  17. ^ "Harry Leon Wilson". Contemporary Authors Online. Gale Group. 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2010.
  18. ^ "Famed Author Is Dead at Carmel". Napa Journal. Napa, California. June 30, 1939. p. 6. Retrieved July 19, 2022.

External links[edit]

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