Kenneth Blaxter (animal nutritionist): Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
Yobot (talk | contribs)
m WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes using AWB (10823)
Adding local short description: "British animal nutritionist (1919–1991)", overriding Wikidata description "British nutritionist (1919-1991)"
(42 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|British animal nutritionist (1919–1991)}}
{{other people|Kenneth Blaxter}}
{{other people|Kenneth Blaxter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
Line 4: Line 5:
| name = Sir Kenneth Lyon Blaxter
| name = Sir Kenneth Lyon Blaxter
| image = <!-- just the filename, without the File: or Image: prefix or enclosing [[brackets]] -->
| image = <!-- just the filename, without the File: or Image: prefix or enclosing [[brackets]] -->
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 19 June 1919
| birth_date = 19 June 1919
| birth_place = [[Sprowston]]
| birth_place = [[Sprowston]], England
| death_date = 18 April 1991 (aged 71)
| death_date = 18 April 1991 (aged 71)
| death_place =
| death_place =
| nationality = British
| other_names =
| other_names =
| occupation = Agriculturalist, biologist, researcher
| occupation = Agriculturalist, biologist, researcher
| years_active = 1948–1991
| years_active = 1948–1991
| known_for = directing the [[Rowett Research Institute]]
| known_for = directing the [[Rowett Research Institute]]
| spouse = [[Mildred Blaxter]]
| notable_works =
| notable_works =
}}
}}
'''Sir Kenneth Lyon Blaxter''' [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] [[PRSE]] (19 June 1919 – 18 April 1991) was a British animal nutritionist.<ref name="rs">Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 39: 36. {{doi|10.1098/rsbm.1994.0003}}</ref><ref>D. G. Armstrong, ‘Blaxter, Sir Kenneth Lyon (1919–1991)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Sept 2012 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/49583, accessed 15 May 2013]</ref>
'''[[Knight Bachelor|Sir]] Kenneth Lyon Blaxter''' [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] [[PRSE]] [[FIBiol]] (19 June 1919 – 18 April 1991) was an English animal nutritionist.<ref name="rs">Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 39: 36. {{doi|10.1098/rsbm.1994.0003}}</ref><ref>D. G. Armstrong, ‘Blaxter, Sir Kenneth Lyon (1919–1991)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Sept 2012 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/49583, accessed 15 May 2013]</ref>


==Biography==
== Biography ==


===Early life===
=== Early life ===
Blaxter was born on 19 June 1919 in [[Sprowston]], [[England]] and grew up in [[Norfolk]].<ref name="rs" /> His father made [[handicraft]]s and his mother came from a family of farm workers.<ref name="rs" /> Blaxter studied at the [[City of Norwich School]] until 1936. He was bored in school and received poor grades.<ref name="rs" /> As a teenager, Blaxter spent his spare time at the Norfolk Agricultural Station, a short distance from the family home.<ref name="jstor">{{cite jstor|770168}}</ref> Soon after, he enrolled in day classes in agriculture at the Norfolk County Council, winning the class prize for the highest mark.<ref name="jstor" /> He also worked as a farmhand on a farm in [[Hoveton]].<ref name="jstor" />
Blaxter was born on 19 June 1919 in [[Sprowston]], [[England]] and grew up in [[Norfolk]].<ref name="rs" /> His father made [[handicraft]]s and his mother came from a family of farm workers.<ref name="rs" /> Blaxter studied at the [[City of Norwich School]] until 1936. He was bored in school and received poor grades.<ref name="rs" /> As a teenager, Blaxter spent his spare time at the Norfolk Agricultural Station, a short distance from the family home.<ref name="jstor">{{Cite journal | title = Kenneth Lyon Blaxter | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society| volume = 39| jstor = 770168| pages=36–58| last1 = Waterlow| first1 = J. C.| last2 = Armstrong| first2 = D. G.| year = 1994| doi=10.1098/rsbm.1994.0003| s2cid = 73231032}}</ref> Soon after, he enrolled in day classes in agriculture at the Norfolk County Council, winning the class prize for the highest mark.<ref name="jstor" /> He also worked as a farmhand on a farm in [[Hoveton]].<ref name="jstor" />


Blaxter studied agriculture, biology and botany at the [[University of Reading]] in 1936, graduating in 1939.<ref name="rs" /><ref name="jstor" />
Blaxter studied agriculture, biology and botany at the [[University of Reading]] in 1936, graduating in 1939.<ref name="rs" /><ref name="jstor" />


===Nutrition research===
=== Nutrition research ===


After graduating, Blaxter worked at the National Institute for Research in Dairying (NIRD), located in [[Shinfield]].<ref name="jstor" /> With the onset of [[World War II]], Blaxter was conscripted and served with the 10th Field Regiment of the [[Royal Artillery]] from spring 1940 to the end of 1941, when he returned to NIRD.<ref name="jstor" /> At this time, he began to write his [[Ph.D]] thesis, entitled ''The maintenance of the winter milk supply in wartime''; he completed the thesis in 1944.<ref name="jstor" /> Shortly thereafter, he requested to be seconded to the biochemistry department of the Ministry of Agriculture in [[Weybridge]], where he conducted blood analysis and researched lead toxicity in [[ruminant]]s.<ref name="jstor" /> In 1946, Blaxter moved to Illinois to work with animal nutritionist Harold Mitchell at the [[University of Illinois]].<ref name="jstor" />
After graduating, Blaxter worked at the National Institute for Research in Dairying (NIRD), located in [[Shinfield]].<ref name="jstor" /> With the onset of [[World War II]], Blaxter was conscripted and served with the 10th Field Regiment of the [[Royal Artillery]] from spring 1940 to the end of 1941, when he returned to NIRD.<ref name="jstor" /> At this time, he began to write his [[Ph.D]] thesis, entitled ''The maintenance of the winter milk supply in wartime''; he completed the thesis in 1944.<ref name="jstor" /> Shortly thereafter, he requested to be seconded to the biochemistry department of the Ministry of Agriculture in [[Weybridge]], where he conducted blood analysis and researched lead toxicity in [[ruminant]]s.<ref name="jstor" /> In 1946, Blaxter moved to Illinois to work with animal nutritionist Harold Mitchell at the [[University of Illinois]].<ref name="jstor" />


===Work as an independent scientist===
=== Work as an independent scientist ===


In 1947, after returning to England, Blaxter applied for the headship of the Nutrition Department at the Hannah Dairy Research Institute in [[Ayr, Scotland]]<ref name="rs" /> and received the position in 1948.<ref name="jstor" /> During his tenure at the Hannah Dairy Research Institute, Blaxter wrote over 200 papers,<ref name="jstor" /> focusing primarily on the issues of energy metabolism and feed usage by [[ruminant]]s.<ref name="jstor" /> Blaxter also investigated nutritional diseases and magnesium deficiency in calves, the effect of temperature and other environmental effects on sheep, and ruminant digestion and feed intake.<ref name="jstor" />
In 1947, after returning to England, Blaxter applied for the headship of the Nutrition Department at the Hannah Dairy Research Institute in [[Ayr, Scotland]]<ref name="rs" /> and received the position in 1948.<ref name="jstor" /> During his tenure at the Hannah Dairy Research Institute, Blaxter wrote over 200 papers,<ref name="jstor" /> focusing primarily on the issues of energy metabolism and feed usage by [[ruminant]]s.<ref name="jstor" /> Blaxter also investigated nutritional diseases and magnesium deficiency in calves, the effect of temperature and other environmental effects on sheep, and ruminant digestion and feed intake.<ref name="jstor" /> From 1954 he was assisted by Dr [[David Gilford Armstrong]].<ref>https://docslib.org/doc/3425568/</ref>


In 1965, Blaxter was appointed director of the [[Rowett Research Institute]] in [[Aberdeen, Scotland]].<ref name="guardian" /><ref name="wolf">{{cite web |url=http://www.wolffund.org.il/index.php?dir=site&page=winners&cs=269 |title=Sir Kenneth Blaxter Winner of Wolf Prize in Agriculture - 1979 |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=2015 |website=[[Wolf Foundation]] |publisher= |access-date=14 February 2015}}</ref> There, Blaxter and his team of researchers studied topics of importance to the Scottish farmer,<ref name="jstor" /> including deer farming, llamas,<ref name="glasgow">{{cite web |url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2507&dat=19880615&id=6TNAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=T1kMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5530,3964864 |title=Institute Marks 75 Years of Research |last1=Smith |first1=Graeme |last2= |first2= |date=15 June 1988 |website=[[Google News]] |publisher=[[The Glasgow Herald]] |access-date=14 February 2015}}</ref> human nutrition,<ref name="aberdeen" /> feed evaluation, environmental stress and animal calorimetry.<ref name="jstor" /> He also took an interest in agriculture and worldwide food policy, culminating in the publication of a book, ''Food, People and Resources'', in 1986.<ref name="jstor" />
In 1965, Blaxter was appointed director of the [[Rowett Research Institute]] in [[Aberdeen, Scotland]].<ref name="guardian" /><ref name="wolf">{{cite web |url=http://www.wolffund.org.il/index.php?dir=site&page=winners&cs=269 |title=Sir Kenneth Blaxter Winner of Wolf Prize in Agriculture 1979 |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=2015 |website=[[Wolf Foundation]] |access-date=14 February 2015}}</ref> There, Blaxter and his team of researchers studied topics of importance to the Scottish farmer,<ref name="jstor" /> including deer farming, llamas,<ref name="glasgow">{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2507&dat=19880615&id=6TNAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=T1kMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5530,3964864 |title=Institute Marks 75 Years of Research |last1=Smith |first1=Graeme |date=15 June 1988 |website=[[Google News]] |publisher=[[The Glasgow Herald]] |access-date=14 February 2015}}</ref> human nutrition,<ref name="aberdeen" /> feed evaluation, environmental stress and animal calorimetry.<ref name="jstor" /> He also took an interest in agriculture and worldwide food policy, culminating in the publication of a book, ''Food, People and Resources'', in 1986.<ref name="jstor" />


===Retirement===
=== Retirement ===


Blaxter retired from the Rowett Research Institute in 1982.<ref name="glasgow" /> From 1985 to 1991, Blaxter was a visiting professor in the [[University of Newcastle upon Tyne]]'s Department of Agricultural Biochemistry and Nutrition. He also chaired a committee of the federal Department of the Environment and the Cabinet Committee on Individual Merit Promotion, a body that recognized and awarded candidates from various scientific fields.<ref name="jstor" /> He died on 18 April 1991 of a brain tumour.<ref name="rs" />
Blaxter retired from the Rowett Research Institute in 1982.<ref name="glasgow" /> From 1985 to 1991, Blaxter was a visiting professor in the [[University of Newcastle upon Tyne]]'s Department of Agricultural Biochemistry and Nutrition. He also chaired a committee of the federal Department of the Environment and the Cabinet Committee on Individual Merit Promotion, a body that recognized and awarded candidates from various scientific fields.<ref name="jstor" /> He died on 18 April 1991 of a brain tumour.<ref name="rs" />


==Honours and awards==
== Honours and awards ==


Blaxter was named a [[Royal Society#Fellows|Fellow of the Royal Society]] in 1967<ref name="aberdeen">{{cite web |url=http://www.abdn.ac.uk/rowett-centenary/history/directors.php |title=Directors |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=2015 |website=[[University of Aberdeen]] |publisher= |access-date=14 February 2015}}</ref> and was [[Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom#Knighthood|knighted]] in 1977.<ref name="guardian" /> From 1979 to 1982, he acted as president of the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]].<ref name="jstor" /> In 1979, he received the [[Wolf Prize in Agriculture]] for his research into the nutritional requirements of [[ruminant]]s.<ref name="wolf" />
Blaxter was named a [[Royal Society#Fellows|Fellow of the Royal Society]] in 1967<ref name="aberdeen">{{cite web |url=http://www.abdn.ac.uk/rowett-centenary/history/directors.php |title=Directors |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=2015 |website=[[University of Aberdeen]] |access-date=14 February 2015}}</ref> and was [[Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom#Knighthood|knighted]] in 1977.<ref name="guardian" />


From 1972 to 1975, he served as vice-president of the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf |title=Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 |date=July 2006 |website=[[Royal Society of Edinburgh]] |access-date=May 30, 2015 |archive-date=19 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919152306/https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and acted as its president from 1979 to 1982.<ref name="jstor" /> He also served a three-year term in the 1980s as President of the [[Institute of Biology]].
Blaxter was also the recipient of [[honorary doctorate]]s from [[Queen's University Belfast|Queen's University in Belfast]], the Agricultural University in [[Norway]], the [[University of Leeds]], the [[University of Aberdeen]] and the [[University of Newcastle]].<ref name="jstor" />


In 1979, he received the [[Wolf Prize in Agriculture]] for his research into the nutritional requirements of [[ruminant]]s.<ref name="wolf" />
==Personal life==


Blaxter married sociologist Mildred Hall in 1957;<ref name="guardian">{{cite web |url=http://www.theguardian.com/education/2010/sep/21/mildred-blaxter-obituary-sociologist |title=Mildred Blaxter obituary |last1=Popay |first1=Jennie |last2= |first2= |date=21 September 2010 |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher= |access-date=14 February 2015}}</ref> they had three children together.<ref name="guardian" /> Blaxter was also an avid amateur painter.<ref name="jstor" />
In 1992, he was posthumously awarded the [[Rank Prize in Nutrition]] for his lifetime contributions to nutrition science.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rankprize.org/index.php/prizes/nutrition |title=Prizes awarded by the Human and Animal Nutrition and Crop Husbandry Fund |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=c. 2012 |website=The Rank Prize Funds |access-date=15 February 2015}}</ref>


Blaxter was also the recipient of [[honorary doctorate]]s from [[Queen's University Belfast|Queen's University in Belfast]], the Agricultural University in [[Norway]], the [[University of Leeds]], the [[University of Aberdeen]] and the [[Newcastle University|University of Newcastle]].<ref name="jstor" />
==Bibliography==


== Personal life ==

Blaxter married sociologist Mildred Hall in 1957;<ref name="guardian">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2010/sep/21/mildred-blaxter-obituary-sociologist |title=Mildred Blaxter obituary |last1=Popay |first1=Jennie |date=21 September 2010 |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=14 February 2015}}</ref> they had three children together.<ref name="guardian" /> Blaxter's cousin was [[Mary F. Lyon|Mary Lyon]], the well-known British [[geneticist]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gitschier |first=Jane |date=22 January 2010 |title=The Gift of Observation: An Interview with Mary Lyon |journal=[[PLOS Genetics]] |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages= e1000813|doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1000813 |pmid=20107603 |pmc=2809768 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Blaxter was also an avid amateur painter.<ref name="jstor" />

== Legacy ==

Blaxter was influential in the fields of animal and human nutrition and [[animal husbandry]].<ref name="jstor" /> In Blaxter's memory, the [[British Society of Animal Science]] grants an annual scholarship, entitled the Kenneth Blaxter Award, to a deserving member of the Society in order to pursue short-term research in the animal sciences.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bsas.org.uk/about-bsas/funds-awards-jobs/kenneth-blaxter-award/ |title=Kenneth Blaxter Award |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=2015 |website=[[British Society of Animal Science]] |access-date=15 February 2015}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==

* ''The maintenance of the winter milk supply in wartime'', [[Ph.D]] thesis (1944)
* ''Food, People and Resources'' (1986)<ref name="jstor" />
* ''Food, People and Resources'' (1986)<ref name="jstor" />
* ''Energy Metabolism in Animals and Man'' (1988)<ref name="jstor" />
* ''Energy Metabolism in Animals and Man'' (1988)<ref name="jstor" />
Line 62: Line 74:
{{Wolf Prize in Agriculture}}
{{Wolf Prize in Agriculture}}


{{Authority control |VIAF=37024328 |LCCN=n/85/812111 }}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata
| NAME = Blaxter, Kenneth
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British nutritionist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 19 June 1919
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Sprowston]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 18 April 1991
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Blaxter, Kenneth}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Blaxter, Kenneth}}
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:1919 births]]
Line 78: Line 81:
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:British nutritionists]]
[[Category:British nutritionists]]
[[Category:Animal health in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Animal health in England]]
[[Category:Wolf Prize in Agriculture laureates]]
[[Category:People from Sprowston]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Reading]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Royal Artillery personnel]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Norfolk]]

Revision as of 23:54, 23 February 2024

Sir Kenneth Lyon Blaxter
Born19 June 1919
Sprowston, England
Died18 April 1991 (aged 71)
Occupation(s)Agriculturalist, biologist, researcher
Years active1948–1991
Known fordirecting the Rowett Research Institute
SpouseMildred Blaxter

Sir Kenneth Lyon Blaxter FRS PRSE FIBiol (19 June 1919 – 18 April 1991) was an English animal nutritionist.[1][2]

Biography

Early life

Blaxter was born on 19 June 1919 in Sprowston, England and grew up in Norfolk.[1] His father made handicrafts and his mother came from a family of farm workers.[1] Blaxter studied at the City of Norwich School until 1936. He was bored in school and received poor grades.[1] As a teenager, Blaxter spent his spare time at the Norfolk Agricultural Station, a short distance from the family home.[3] Soon after, he enrolled in day classes in agriculture at the Norfolk County Council, winning the class prize for the highest mark.[3] He also worked as a farmhand on a farm in Hoveton.[3]

Blaxter studied agriculture, biology and botany at the University of Reading in 1936, graduating in 1939.[1][3]

Nutrition research

After graduating, Blaxter worked at the National Institute for Research in Dairying (NIRD), located in Shinfield.[3] With the onset of World War II, Blaxter was conscripted and served with the 10th Field Regiment of the Royal Artillery from spring 1940 to the end of 1941, when he returned to NIRD.[3] At this time, he began to write his Ph.D thesis, entitled The maintenance of the winter milk supply in wartime; he completed the thesis in 1944.[3] Shortly thereafter, he requested to be seconded to the biochemistry department of the Ministry of Agriculture in Weybridge, where he conducted blood analysis and researched lead toxicity in ruminants.[3] In 1946, Blaxter moved to Illinois to work with animal nutritionist Harold Mitchell at the University of Illinois.[3]

Work as an independent scientist

In 1947, after returning to England, Blaxter applied for the headship of the Nutrition Department at the Hannah Dairy Research Institute in Ayr, Scotland[1] and received the position in 1948.[3] During his tenure at the Hannah Dairy Research Institute, Blaxter wrote over 200 papers,[3] focusing primarily on the issues of energy metabolism and feed usage by ruminants.[3] Blaxter also investigated nutritional diseases and magnesium deficiency in calves, the effect of temperature and other environmental effects on sheep, and ruminant digestion and feed intake.[3] From 1954 he was assisted by Dr David Gilford Armstrong.[4]

In 1965, Blaxter was appointed director of the Rowett Research Institute in Aberdeen, Scotland.[5][6] There, Blaxter and his team of researchers studied topics of importance to the Scottish farmer,[3] including deer farming, llamas,[7] human nutrition,[8] feed evaluation, environmental stress and animal calorimetry.[3] He also took an interest in agriculture and worldwide food policy, culminating in the publication of a book, Food, People and Resources, in 1986.[3]

Retirement

Blaxter retired from the Rowett Research Institute in 1982.[7] From 1985 to 1991, Blaxter was a visiting professor in the University of Newcastle upon Tyne's Department of Agricultural Biochemistry and Nutrition. He also chaired a committee of the federal Department of the Environment and the Cabinet Committee on Individual Merit Promotion, a body that recognized and awarded candidates from various scientific fields.[3] He died on 18 April 1991 of a brain tumour.[1]

Honours and awards

Blaxter was named a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1967[8] and was knighted in 1977.[5]

From 1972 to 1975, he served as vice-president of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,[9] and acted as its president from 1979 to 1982.[3] He also served a three-year term in the 1980s as President of the Institute of Biology.

In 1979, he received the Wolf Prize in Agriculture for his research into the nutritional requirements of ruminants.[6]

In 1992, he was posthumously awarded the Rank Prize in Nutrition for his lifetime contributions to nutrition science.[10]

Blaxter was also the recipient of honorary doctorates from Queen's University in Belfast, the Agricultural University in Norway, the University of Leeds, the University of Aberdeen and the University of Newcastle.[3]

Personal life

Blaxter married sociologist Mildred Hall in 1957;[5] they had three children together.[5] Blaxter's cousin was Mary Lyon, the well-known British geneticist.[11] Blaxter was also an avid amateur painter.[3]

Legacy

Blaxter was influential in the fields of animal and human nutrition and animal husbandry.[3] In Blaxter's memory, the British Society of Animal Science grants an annual scholarship, entitled the Kenneth Blaxter Award, to a deserving member of the Society in order to pursue short-term research in the animal sciences.[12]

Bibliography

  • The maintenance of the winter milk supply in wartime, Ph.D thesis (1944)
  • Food, People and Resources (1986)[3]
  • Energy Metabolism in Animals and Man (1988)[3]
  • The Post-war Revolution in Food Production (1989)[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 39: 36. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1994.0003
  2. ^ D. G. Armstrong, ‘Blaxter, Sir Kenneth Lyon (1919–1991)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Sept 2012 accessed 15 May 2013
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Waterlow, J. C.; Armstrong, D. G. (1994). "Kenneth Lyon Blaxter". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 39: 36–58. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1994.0003. JSTOR 770168. S2CID 73231032.
  4. ^ https://docslib.org/doc/3425568/
  5. ^ a b c d Popay, Jennie (21 September 2010). "Mildred Blaxter obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  6. ^ a b "Sir Kenneth Blaxter Winner of Wolf Prize in Agriculture – 1979". Wolf Foundation. 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  7. ^ a b Smith, Graeme (15 June 1988). "Institute Marks 75 Years of Research". Google News. The Glasgow Herald. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  8. ^ a b "Directors". University of Aberdeen. 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  9. ^ "Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002" (PDF). Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  10. ^ "Prizes awarded by the Human and Animal Nutrition and Crop Husbandry Fund". The Rank Prize Funds. c. 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  11. ^ Gitschier, Jane (22 January 2010). "The Gift of Observation: An Interview with Mary Lyon". PLOS Genetics. 6 (1): e1000813. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000813. PMC 2809768. PMID 20107603.
  12. ^ "Kenneth Blaxter Award". British Society of Animal Science. 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015.