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{{Infobox sportsperson
{{Short description|American ultrarunner}}{{Infobox sportsperson
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'''Micah True''' (November 10, 1953&nbsp;– March 27, 2012), born '''Michael Randall Hickman''' and also known as '''Caballo Blanco''' (white horse), was an American [[ultrarunning|ultrarunner]] from [[Boulder, Colorado]], who received attention because of his depiction as a central character in [[Christopher McDougall]]'s book ''[[Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Superathletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen|Born to Run]]''.<ref name="FirstPost">{{citation|url=http://www.theweek.co.uk/world-news/46121/body-runner-micah-true-caballo-blanco-found#ixzz1qnjUNip9 |title=Body of runner Micah True, 'Caballo Blanco', found |work=[[The First Post]] |location=London |accessdate=April 1, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66ecmj9C8?url=http://www.theweek.co.uk/world-news/46121/body-runner-micah-true-caballo-blanco-found |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref><ref name="Metzler">{{Harvtxt|Metzler|2010}}</ref> True's inclusion in the book garnered him some attention in ultrarunning circles, and some readers credited him as their inspiration for taking up the sport.<ref name="Byars">{{Harvtxt|Byars|2012a}}</ref><ref name="USA">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/story/2012-04-01/micah-true-dead/53919320/1 |title=Renowned runner Micah True's body found |work=[[USA Today]] |date=April 2, 2012 |accessdate=April 2, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66efcbNZr?url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/story/2012-04-01/micah-true-dead/53919320/1 |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref><ref name="Christie">{{Harvtxt|Christie|2012}}</ref><ref name="au">{{cite news |url= http://media.theage.com.au/news/world-news/micah-true-a-super-athlete-3182951.html |title= Micah True, a super athlete |work=[[The Age]] |location= Melbourne |date=April 3, 2012 |format= Video |accessdate=April 3, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Bryan">{{Harvtxt|Bryan|2012a}}</ref>
'''Micah True''' (November 10, 1953&nbsp;– March 27, 2012), born '''Michael Randall Hickman''' and also known as '''Caballo Blanco''' (white horse), was an American [[ultrarunning|ultrarunner]] from [[Boulder, Colorado]], who received attention because of his depiction as a central character in [[Christopher McDougall]]'s book ''[[Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Superathletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen|Born to Run]]''.<ref name="FirstPost">{{citation|url=http://www.theweek.co.uk/world-news/46121/body-runner-micah-true-caballo-blanco-found#ixzz1qnjUNip9 |title=Body of runner Micah True, 'Caballo Blanco', found |work=[[The First Post]] |location=London |access-date=April 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402143912/http://www.theweek.co.uk/world-news/46121/body-runner-micah-true-caballo-blanco-found |archive-date=April 2, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Metzler">{{Harvtxt|Metzler|2010}}</ref> True's inclusion in the book garnered him some attention in ultrarunning circles, and some readers credited him as their inspiration for taking up the sport.<ref name="Byars">{{Harvtxt|Byars|2012a}}</ref><ref name="USA">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/story/2012-04-01/micah-true-dead/53919320/1 |title=Renowned runner Micah True's body found |work=[[USA Today]] |date=April 2, 2012 |access-date=April 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401143550/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/story/2012-04-01/micah-true-dead/53919320/1 |archive-date=April 1, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Christie">{{Harvtxt|Christie|2012}}</ref><ref name="au">{{cite news |url= http://media.theage.com.au/news/world-news/micah-true-a-super-athlete-3182951.html |title= Micah True, a super athlete |work=[[The Age]] |location= Melbourne |date=April 3, 2012 |format= Video |access-date=April 3, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Bryan">{{Harvtxt|Bryan|2012a}}</ref>


During the 1980s and 90s True spent several months per year trail running in [[Central America]]. In 2003 True decided to organize a race for the [[Tarahumara people]] in Mexico that would help them preserve their culture and running heritage. True died on March 27, 2012, during a run in the [[Gila Wilderness]], part of the [[Gila National Forest]] in southwestern New Mexico.
During the 1980s and 90s, True spent several months per year trail running in [[Mexico]]. In 2003, True decided to organize a race for the [[Tarahumara people]] in Mexico that would help them preserve their culture and running heritage. True died on March 27, 2012, during a run in the [[Gila Wilderness]], part of the [[Gila National Forest]] in southwestern New Mexico.


==Life==
==Life==
Micah True was born ''Michael Randall Hickman'' in [[Oakland, California]], the son of a [[World War II]] Marine Corps Gunnery Sergeant<ref name="Shapiro">{{Harvtxt|Shapiro|2012}}</ref> and the second of four children.<ref name="LastRun"/> He grew up traveling the country as his family relocated to various nationally located Marine Corps bases.<ref name=Shapiro/> His family was conservative [[Roman Catholic]], but True aligned himself with the counter-culture movement of the 1960s and 70s.<ref name=LastRun/>
Micah True was born ''Michael Randall Hickman'' in [[Oakland, California]], the son of a [[Korean War]] Marine Corps Gunnery Sergeant<ref name="Shapiro">{{Harvtxt|Shapiro|2012}}</ref> and the second of four children.<ref name="LastRun"/> He grew up traveling the country as his family relocated to various nationally located Marine Corps bases.<ref name=Shapiro/> His family was conservative [[Roman Catholic]], but True aligned himself with the counter-culture movement of the 1960s and 70s.<ref name=LastRun/>


True attended [[Humboldt State University]], where he studied [[Eastern religion]]s and [[Native American history]].<ref name=Shapiro/> To earn money he began prizefighting in informal boxing bouts, using the name "Gypsy Cowboy," and perhaps taking the occasional dive for an easy payday.<ref name=LastRun/><ref name=CM-B2R>{{Harvtxt|McDougall|2009}} prizefighting in college pp.276-277. returned to Colorado p.281.</ref> Between 1974 and 1982, Hickman was a professional middleweight boxer, fighting under the name Mike "True" Hickman. His career record was 9 wins (KO 2), 11 losses (KO 9), and 0 draws.<ref>{{citation |author= |url= http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=28561&cat=boxer |work=BoxRec |title= Mike Hickman |accessdate= April 6, 2012}}</ref>
True attended [[Humboldt State University]], where he studied [[Eastern religion]]s and [[Native American history]].<ref name=Shapiro/> To earn money he began prizefighting in informal boxing bouts, using the name "Gypsy Cowboy," and perhaps taking the occasional dive for an easy payday.<ref name=LastRun/><ref name=CM-B2R>{{Harvtxt|McDougall|2009}} prizefighting in college pp.276-277. returned to Colorado p.281.</ref> Between 1974 and 1982, Hickman was a professional middleweight boxer, fighting under the name Mike "True" Hickman. His career record was 9 wins (KO 2), 11 losses (KO 9), and 0 draws.<ref>{{citation |url= https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/28561 |work=BoxRec |title= Mike Hickman |access-date= October 2, 2020}}</ref>


At some point True spent 10 months living in a cave in [[Hawaii]] where he fell in love with a rich girl.<ref name=LastRun/> It was when she left him, he said, that he took up long-distance running.<ref name=Shapiro/> He also changed his name from Michael Hickman to Micah True.<ref name=Shapiro/> (The name Micah comes from the [[Bible]], while True came from the name of a beloved pet: True Dog.)<ref name=LastRun/>
At some point True spent 10 months living in a cave in [[Hawaii]] where he fell in love with a rich girl.<ref name=LastRun/> It was when she left him, he said, that he took up long-distance running.<ref name=Shapiro/> He also changed his name from Michael Hickman to Micah True.<ref name=Shapiro/> (The name Micah comes from the [[Bible]], while True came from the name of a beloved pet: True Dog.)<ref name=LastRun/>


By 1982 True had moved to [[Boulder, Colorado]], where he began working as a self-employed furniture mover.<ref name="LastRun">{{Harvtxt|Bearak|2012}}</ref> By then he had become a "trailrunning bum" (like a "surfing bum or a climbing bum").<ref name=Shapiro/> For almost 20 years, he spent winters running in Mexico, Guatemala, and Central America, averaging {{convert|170|mi|km}} per week.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Brick|2000}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{Harvtxt|McDougall|2009}}</ref> He would return to Boulder during the summers to earn enough money to live on the rest of the year.<ref name=CM-B2R/> Among villagers he became known as "El Caballo Blanco" or "The White Horse" for his long blond hair and pale skin.<ref name=LastRun/>
By 1982, True had moved to [[Boulder, Colorado]], where he began working as a self-employed furniture mover.<ref name="LastRun">{{Harvtxt|Bearak|2012}}</ref> By then he had become a "trailrunning bum" (like a "surfing bum or a climbing bum").<ref name=Shapiro/> For almost 20 years, he spent winters running in Mexico, [[Guatemala]], and Central America, averaging {{convert|170|mi|km}} per week.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Brick|2000}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{Harvtxt|McDougall|2009}}</ref> He would return to Boulder during the summers to earn enough money to live on the rest of the year.<ref name=CM-B2R/> Among villagers he became known as "El Caballo Blanco" or "The White Horse" for his long blond hair and pale skin.<ref name=LastRun/>


In 1993 True came in contact with the [[Tarahumara people|Tarahumara]] or Rarámuri runners from [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua, Mexico]]. In 1994 he began spending his winters running in the [[Copper Canyon]]s, where he built a hut and began establishing a relationship with the Tarahumara natives.<ref name=LastRun/>[[File:Copper Canyons marathon in Urique.jpg|thumb|Copper Canyons marathon in Urique|left]]
In 1993, True came in contact with the [[Tarahumara people|Tarahumara]] or Rarámuri runners from [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua, Mexico]]. In 1994, he began spending his winters running in the [[Copper Canyon]]s, where he built a hut and began establishing a relationship with the Tarahumara natives.<ref name=LastRun/>[[File:Copper Canyons marathon in Urique.jpg|thumb|Copper Canyons marathon in Urique|left]]


==Copper Canyon Ultra Marathon==
==Copper Canyon Ultra Marathon==
In 2003 True decided to organize a race for the Tarahumara natives that would help them preserve their culture and running heritage.<ref name=LastRun/> The first Copper Canyon Ultra Marathon was held on March 23, 2003;<ref>{{citation|last=True|first=Micah|title=Copper Canyon Ultra Marathon|url=http://coppercanyonultra.com/Historical.html|accessdate=21 April 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413231025/http://coppercanyonultra.com/Historical.html|archivedate=13 April 2012|df=}}</ref> though turnout was small, it became an annual tradition.<ref name="Post">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/foundation-formed-to-keep-alive-runner-micah-trues-ultra-marathon-in-copper-canyon/2012/04/09/gIQAtSje6S_story.html |title=Foundation formed to keep alive runner Micah True’s ultra-marathon in Copper Canyon |publisher=Washington Post |place=Albuquerque, New Mexico |date=April 9, 2012 |df= }}{{dead link|date=August 2017|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="Outside"/><ref name="Castellanos">{{Harvtxt|Castellanos|2012}}</ref>
In 2003, True decided to organize a race for the Tarahumara natives that would help them preserve their culture and running heritage.<ref name=LastRun/> The first Copper Canyon Ultra Marathon was held on March 23, 2003;<ref>{{citation|last=True|first=Micah|title=Copper Canyon Ultra Marathon|url=http://coppercanyonultra.com/Historical.html|access-date=21 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413231025/http://coppercanyonultra.com/Historical.html|archive-date=13 April 2012}}</ref> though turnout was small, it became an annual tradition.<ref name="Post">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/foundation-formed-to-keep-alive-runner-micah-trues-ultra-marathon-in-copper-canyon/2012/04/09/gIQAtSje6S_story.html |title=Foundation formed to keep alive runner Micah True's ultra-marathon in Copper Canyon |newspaper=Washington Post |place=Albuquerque, New Mexico |date=April 9, 2012 }}{{dead link|date=June 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="Outside"/><ref name="Castellanos">{{Harvtxt|Castellanos|2012}}</ref>


In 2006 True got the idea of having American ultrarunners to compete with the Tarahumara.<ref name=LastRun/> After initially reaching out on the internet, he wrote an article in ''[[Men's Health (magazine)|Men's Health]]'', elucidating many of the lessons he internalized from the [[Tarahumara people]].<ref name="McDougall">{{Harvtxt|McDougall|2006}}</ref><ref name="IBT">{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/322859/20120402/caballo-blanco-micah-true-found-dead-gila.htm |author=Staff Reporter |work=[[International Business Times]] |title=Caballo Blanco Dead: Micah True Found Beside a Stream, Fans Respond to Death of a Legend |date=April 2, 2012 |accessdate=April 2, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66efRZ1ZG?url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/322859/20120402/caballo-blanco-micah-true-found-dead-gila.htm |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> He also contacted [[Christopher McDougall]], a writer for ''Men's Health'', who would later write the book ''[[Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Superathletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen|Born to Run]]''.
In 2006, True had the idea of inviting American ultrarunners to compete with the Tarahumara.<ref name=LastRun/> After initially reaching out on the internet, he wrote an article in ''[[Men's Health (magazine)|Men's Health]]'', elucidating many of the lessons he internalized from the [[Tarahumara people]].<ref name="McDougall">{{Harvtxt|McDougall|2006}}</ref><ref name="IBT">{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/322859/20120402/caballo-blanco-micah-true-found-dead-gila.htm |author=Staff Reporter |work=[[International Business Times]] |title=Caballo Blanco Dead: Micah True Found Beside a Stream, Fans Respond to Death of a Legend |date=April 2, 2012 |access-date=April 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404012716/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/322859/20120402/caballo-blanco-micah-true-found-dead-gila.htm |archive-date=April 4, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> He also contacted [[Christopher McDougall]], a writer for ''Men's Health'', who would later write the book ''[[Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Superathletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen|Born to Run]]''.


The 2012 event took place on March 12 and was the largest ever with hundreds of participants. Most were local Tarahumara, known for their running endurance, both as a general means of travel and while participating in ceremonial, team-based, long distance running events, most famously the Rarajipari, or ball game. In addition to prize money for the top ten finishers, the event awards seed corn vouchers to all runners who complete the distance. The race has its start and finish in the town square of [[Urique]], Chihuahua, Mexico, covering an estimated {{convert|50|mi|km}} of single track trail and dirt road.<ref name="Byars"/><ref name="Outside">{{citation|url=http://www.outsideonline.com/blog/born-to-run-caballo-blanco-interview.html |work=[[Outside (magazine)|Outside]] |date=March 31, 2010 |title=Born to Run: Caballo Blanco Interview |format=Video |author=Outside Online |accessdate=April 1, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66eeGgqtz?url=http://www.outsideonline.com/blog/born-to-run-caballo-blanco-interview.html |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/sports/ultrarunner-micah-true-found-dead-in-new-mexico.html |title=Missing Ultramarathoner Found Dead in New Mexico |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 1, 2012 |agency=[[Reuters]] |accessdate=April 3, 2012 |page=SP10 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66ed3AUyQ?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/sports/ultrarunner-micah-true-found-dead-in-new-mexico.html?_r=1 |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
The 2012 event took place on March 12 and was the largest ever with hundreds of participants. Most were local Tarahumara, known for their running endurance, both as a general means of travel and while participating in ceremonial, team-based, long distance running events, most famously the Rarajipari, or ball game. In addition to prize money for the top ten finishers, the event awards seed corn vouchers to all runners who complete the distance. The race has its start and finish in the town square of [[Urique]], Chihuahua, Mexico, covering an estimated {{convert|50|mi|km}} of single track trail and dirt road.<ref name="Byars"/><ref name="Outside">{{citation|url=http://www.outsideonline.com/blog/born-to-run-caballo-blanco-interview.html |work=[[Outside (magazine)|Outside]] |date=March 31, 2010 |title=Born to Run: Caballo Blanco Interview |format=Video |author=Outside Online |access-date=April 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006163739/http://www.outsideonline.com/blog/born-to-run-caballo-blanco-interview.html |archive-date=October 6, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/sports/ultrarunner-micah-true-found-dead-in-new-mexico.html |title=Missing Ultramarathoner Found Dead in New Mexico |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 1, 2012 |agency=[[Reuters]] |access-date=April 3, 2012 |page=SP10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403200350/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/sports/ultrarunner-micah-true-found-dead-in-new-mexico.html?_r=1 |archive-date=April 3, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>


==''Born to Run''==
==''Born to Run''==
[[File:Tarahumara.jpg|thumb|Tarahumara women selling baskets, blankets and oranges]]
[[File:Tarahumara.jpg|thumb|Tarahumara women selling baskets, blankets and oranges]]
In 2009 True was featured prominently in Christopher McDougall's best selling book ''[[Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Superathletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen|Born to Run]]''.{{#tag:ref|The book was on the [[New York Times Best Seller List]] for more than four months, although book critic Dan Zak, writer of the Style section of the ''[[Washington Post]]'' thought it contained extraneous efforts to be "gonzo and overly clever".<ref name=Zak>{{cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/19/AR2009061901078.html |last1= Zak |first1= Dan |title= Running, the Natural Way |work= Washington Post |date= June 21, 2009 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20091027125057/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/19/AR2009061901078.html |archivedate= October 27, 2009 |deadurl= no}}</ref>|group=upper-alpha|name=book}} <ref name=Shapiro/> The book told the story of the Copper Canyons ultra marathon and the Tarahumara, while promoting the [[endurance running hypothesis]], arguing that humans left the forests and moved to the savannas by developing the ability to run long distances in order to hunt prey by simply outlasting them in a long chase.<ref name="Pope">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/27/health/27well.html |last1=Parker-Pope |first1=Tara |title=The Human Body is Built for Distance Well |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 26, 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66enpKZwg?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/27/health/27well.html?_r=1 |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
In 2009, True was featured prominently in Christopher McDougall's best selling book ''[[Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Superathletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen|Born to Run]]''.{{#tag:ref|The book was on the [[New York Times Best Seller List]] for more than four months, although book critic Dan Zak, writer of the Style section of the ''[[Washington Post]]'' thought it contained extraneous efforts to be "gonzo and overly clever".<ref name=Zak>{{cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/19/AR2009061901078.html |last1= Zak |first1= Dan |title= Running, the Natural Way |newspaper= Washington Post |date= June 21, 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091027125057/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/19/AR2009061901078.html |archive-date= October 27, 2009 |url-status= live}}</ref>|group=upper-alpha|name=book}} <ref name=Shapiro/> The book told the story of the Copper Canyons ultra marathon and the Tarahumara, while promoting the [[endurance running hypothesis]], arguing that humans left the forests and moved to the savannas by developing the ability to run long distances in order to hunt prey by simply outlasting them in a long chase.<ref name="Pope">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/27/health/27well.html |last1=Parker-Pope |first1=Tara |title=The Human Body is Built for Distance Well |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 26, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501074710/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/27/health/27well.html?_r=1 |archive-date=May 1, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>


Becoming a central character in a best selling book changed True's life significantly.<ref name=LastRun/> Previously he had lived a quiet simple life, not seeing himself as the eccentric and amazing person in the book. He said he sometimes felt like he had to "live up to the expectations of the book" and told people that the book contained exaggerations and inaccuracies.<ref name=LastRun/> Nevertheless, he became active on Facebook where he encouraged people to follow him. It was through Facebook that he met Maria Walton, who became his girlfriend for the last two years of his life.<ref name=LastRun/>
Becoming a central character in a best selling book changed True's life significantly.<ref name=LastRun/> Previously he had lived a quiet simple life, not seeing himself as the eccentric and amazing person in the book. He said he sometimes felt like he had to "live up to the expectations of the book" and told people that the book contained exaggerations and inaccuracies.<ref name=LastRun/> Nevertheless, he became active on Facebook where he encouraged people to follow him. It was through Facebook that he met Maria Walton, who became his girlfriend for the last two years of his life.<ref name=LastRun/>


True also began using his celebrity status to help raise funds for the annual Copper Canyon race. He spoke at various events, beginning with a [[Saucony]] sponsored event in Utah, and then eventually traveling to Sweden, Denmark, and England.<ref name=LastRun/> According to Walton, True was never comfortable with his fame, only wanting to be known as someone who was genuine and real.<ref name="Heil">{{Harvtxt|Heil|2012}}</ref>
True also began using his celebrity status to help raise funds for the annual Copper Canyon race. He spoke at various events, beginning with a [[Saucony]] sponsored event in [[Utah]], and then eventually traveling to [[Sweden]], [[Denmark]], and England.<ref name=LastRun/> According to Walton, True was never comfortable with his fame, only wanting to be known as someone who was genuine and real.<ref name="Heil">{{Harvtxt|Heil|2012}}</ref>


==Death and race continuation==
==Death and race continuation==
On March 27, 2012, True failed to return after heading out for a run in the [[Gila Wilderness]], part of the [[Gila National Forest]] in southwestern New Mexico. He departed from the Wilderness Lodge in [[Gila, New Mexico|Gila]], saying he was going for a 12-mile (19&nbsp;km) run. A subsequent [[mountain rescue]] effort involved three aircraft and at least nine [[search and rescue]] teams in off-road vehicles and on horseback, looking across {{convert|200,000|acre}} of high desert.<ref name="Stainburn">{{Harvtxt|Stainburn|2012}}</ref><ref name="Camera">{{citation|url=http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_20300894/body-ultrarunner-micah-true-58-found-new-mexico |title=Body of ultrarunner Micah True, 58, found in New Mexico wilderness |date=April 1, 2012 |work=[[Denver Post]] |agency=[[Camera (newspaper)|The Daily Camera]] |accessdate=April 1, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66efwwliv?url=http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_20300894/body-ultrarunner-micah-true-58-found-new-mexico |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
On March 27, 2012, True failed to return after heading out for a run in the [[Gila Wilderness]], part of the [[Gila National Forest]] in southwestern New Mexico. He departed from the Wilderness Lodge in [[Gila, New Mexico|Gila]], saying he was going for a 12-mile (19&nbsp;km) run. A subsequent [[mountain rescue]] effort involved three aircraft and at least nine [[search and rescue]] teams in off-road vehicles and on horseback, looking across {{convert|200,000|acre}} of high desert.<ref name="Stainburn">{{Harvtxt|Stainburn|2012}}</ref><ref name="Camera">{{citation|url=http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_20300894/body-ultrarunner-micah-true-58-found-new-mexico |title=Body of ultrarunner Micah True, 58, found in New Mexico wilderness |date=April 1, 2012 |work=[[Denver Post]] |agency=[[Camera (newspaper)|The Daily Camera]] |access-date=April 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402184903/http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_20300894/body-ultrarunner-micah-true-58-found-new-mexico |archive-date=April 2, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Searchers included ultra-runners such as [[Scott Jurek]], [[Kyle Skaggs]], [[Timothy Olson]], and many athletes and friends who had participated in the 51 mile Copper Canyon Ultra Marathon.<ref name="VanHoven">{{Harvtxt|Van Hoven|2012}}</ref>
Searchers included ultra-runners such as [[Scott Jurek]], [[Kyle Skaggs]], [[Timothy Olson]], and many athletes and friends who had participated in the 51 mile Copper Canyon Ultra Marathon.<ref name="VanHoven">{{Harvtxt|Van Hoven|2012}}</ref>


On March 31 True was found dead with his legs dangling in a stream.<ref name="Bryan"/><ref name="Wulfhorst">{{Harvtxt|Wulfhorst|2012}}</ref> The local sheriff said there were "no obvious signs of trauma",<ref name="Taylor">{{Harvtxt|Taylor|2012}}</ref> although True had scrapes and abrasions on his hands, arms, and knees, suggesting a fall.<ref name=Heil/> His remains were removed by horseback. Because of difficult terrain and remote location, the recovery was not completed until April 1.<ref name="Byars"/><ref name="Christie"/><ref name="Stainburn"/><ref name="Wulfhorst"/> An [[autopsy]]<ref name="Bryan"/> was inconclusive with respect to the actual [[cause of death]], revealing, however, that True was suffering from idiopathic [[cardiomyopathy]], which had caused the left [[Ventricle (heart)|ventricle]] of his heart to become enlarged. The autopsy report of the [[Coroner|Office of the Medical Investigator]] of New Mexico noted that "the decedent did not have a regular physician and no medical records, particularly [[electrocardiogram]]s or [[blood pressure]] readings were available for review" and "the best determination is that of unclassified cardiomyopathy which resulted in a [[cardiac dysrhythmia]] during exertion."<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bryan|2012c}}</ref>
On March 31, True was found dead with his legs dangling in a stream.<ref name="Bryan"/><ref name="Wulfhorst">{{Harvtxt|Wulfhorst|2012}}</ref> The local sheriff said there were "no obvious signs of trauma",<ref name="Taylor">{{Harvtxt|Taylor|2012}}</ref> although True had scrapes and abrasions on his hands, arms, and knees, suggesting a fall.<ref name=Heil/> His remains were removed by horseback. Because of difficult terrain and remote location, the recovery was not completed until April 1.<ref name="Byars"/><ref name="Christie"/><ref name="Stainburn"/><ref name="Wulfhorst"/> An [[autopsy]]<ref name="Bryan"/> was inconclusive with respect to the actual [[cause of death]], revealing, however, that True was suffering from idiopathic [[cardiomyopathy]], which had caused the left [[Ventricle (heart)|ventricle]] of his heart to become enlarged. The autopsy report of the [[Coroner|Office of the Medical Investigator]] of New Mexico noted that "the decedent did not have a regular physician and no medical records, particularly [[electrocardiogram]]s or [[blood pressure]] readings were available for review" and "the best determination is that of unclassified cardiomyopathy which resulted in a [[cardiac dysrhythmia]] during exertion."<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bryan|2012c}}</ref>


However, Dr. James O'Keefe Jr., the director of Preventative Cardiology Fellowship Program and the Director of Preventative Cardiology at Cardiovascular Consultants at the Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, a large cardiology practice in Kansas City, looked at the pathology report and believes that Micah True's enlarged thickened heart with scar tissue is a pathology some extreme endurance athletes develop termed [[Pheidippides|Phidippides]] cardiomyopathy by Peter A. McCullough in research conducted with Justin E. Trivax.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 22222888 | doi=10.1002/clc.20994 | volume=35 | title=Phidippides cardiomyopathy: a review and case illustration. | date=Feb 2012 | journal=Clin Cardiol | pages=69–73}}</ref><ref>O'Keefe Jr., James (27 November 2012). "Run for your life! At a comfortable pace and not too far," TEDxUMKC. retrieved 1 February 2013.</ref> According to McCullough and Trivax's hypothesis,<ref>{{Cite journal|url = https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.04.005|title = Potential Adverse Cardiovascular Effects From Excessive Endurance Exercise|last = O'Keefe|first = James|date = June 2012|journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings|doi = 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.04.005|pmid = 22677079|access-date = March 12, 2015|pmc=3538475|volume=87|pages=587–95}}</ref> "this pathology occurs because endurance sports call for a sustained increase in cardiac output for several hours" which puts the heart "into a state of volume overload. It has been shown that approximately one-third of marathon runners experience dilation of the right atrium and ventricle, have elevations of cardiac troponin and natriuretic peptides, and in a smaller fraction later develop small patches of cardiac fibrosis that are the likely substrate for ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden death."<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Trivax | first1 = Justin E. | last2 = McCullough | first2 = Peter A. | year = 2012 | title = Phidippides Cardiomyopathy: A Review and Case Illustration | url = | journal = Clin Cardiol | volume = 35 | issue = | pages = 69–73 | doi = 10.1002/clc.20994 | pmid=22222888}}</ref><ref name="ICTMN">{{cite news|url=http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2012/04/06/micah-trues-death-may-have-ripple-effect-for-raramuri-indians-106860 |title=Micah True's Death May Have Ripple Effect for Rarámuri Indians |author=ICTMN Staff |publisher=Indian Country Today Media Network |date=April 6, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66qJtm079?url=http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2012/04/06/micah-trues-death-may-have-ripple-effect-for-raramuri-indians-106860 |archivedate=April 11, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
However, Dr. James O'Keefe Jr., the director of Preventative Cardiology Fellowship Program and the Director of Preventative Cardiology at Cardiovascular Consultants at the Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, a large cardiology practice in Kansas City, looked at the pathology report and believes that Micah True's enlarged thickened heart with scar tissue is a pathology some extreme endurance athletes develop termed [[Phidippides cardiomyopathy]] by [[Peter A. McCullough]] in research conducted with Justin E. Trivax.<ref name="Trivax&McCullough2012">{{cite journal | volume=35 | issue=2 | title=Phidippides cardiomyopathy: a review and case illustration. | date= 2012 | journal=[[Clin Cardiol]] | pages=69–73| last1=Trivax | first1=J. E. | last2=McCullough | first2=P. A. |author-link2= Peter A. McCullough|pmc=6652719|doi = 10.1002/clc.20994 | pmid=22222888 }}</ref><ref>O'Keefe Jr., James (27 November 2012). "Run for your life! At a comfortable pace and not too far," TEDxUMKC. retrieved 1 February 2013.</ref> According to McCullough and Trivax's hypothesis,<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Potential Adverse Cardiovascular Effects From Excessive Endurance Exercise|last = O'Keefe|first = James|date = June 2012|journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings|doi = 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.04.005|pmid = 22677079|pmc=3538475|volume=87|issue = 6|pages=587–95}}</ref> "this pathology occurs because endurance sports call for a sustained increase in cardiac output for several hours" which puts the heart "into a state of volume overload. It has been shown that approximately one-third of marathon runners experience dilation of the right atrium and ventricle, have elevations of cardiac troponin and natriuretic peptides, and in a smaller fraction later develop small patches of cardiac fibrosis that are the likely substrate for ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden death."<ref name="Trivax&McCullough2012"/><ref name="ICTMN">{{cite news|url=http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2012/04/06/micah-trues-death-may-have-ripple-effect-for-raramuri-indians-106860 |title=Micah True's Death May Have Ripple Effect for Rarámuri Indians |author=ICTMN Staff |publisher=Indian Country Today Media Network |date=April 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120408223538/http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2012/04/06/micah-trues-death-may-have-ripple-effect-for-raramuri-indians-106860 |archive-date=April 8, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>


A simple memorial gathering was held at [[Colorado Chautauqua]] in Boulder on April 6, in which friends ran up [[Flagstaff Mountain, Boulder, Colorado|Flagstaff Mountain]] in Colorado and assembled on the Chautauqua park lawn to swap stories and remembrances of him.<ref name="memorial">{{Harvtxt|Byars|2012b}}</ref>
A simple memorial gathering was held at [[Colorado Chautauqua]] in Boulder on April 6, in which friends ran up [[Flagstaff Mountain, Boulder, Colorado|Flagstaff Mountain]] in Colorado and assembled on the Chautauqua park lawn to swap stories and remembrances of him.<ref name="memorial">{{Harvtxt|Byars|2012b}}</ref>


Due to True's role in the organization and production of the [[Copper Canyon]] [[Ultramarathon]], after his death the continuation of the event was placed in doubt.<ref name="Bryan"/> Soon after True's death, the charitable foundation Norawas de Raramuri was formed again as part of an effort to keep the Copper Canyon race going.<ref name="Post"/> It was decided the event would continue under the direction of Micah True's girlfriend Maria Walton and Fuego y Agua Events LLC. Director Josue Stephens. In honor of Micah, the race has since taken the name by which it has always been known in Mexico, [[Ultramaraton Caballo Blanco]].
Due to True's role in the organization and production of the [[Copper Canyon]] [[Ultramarathon]], after his death the continuation of the event was placed in doubt.<ref name="Bryan2">{{Harvtxt|Bryan|2012b}}</ref> The charitable organization, Norawas de Raramuri (Friends of the Running People), founded in 2009 by (in alphabetical order) Brooke Cantor, Deborah K. Kelly, Chris Labbe, and Andrew Labbe, continued to fund Rarámuri participation in the race. Between 2009 and 2013, Norawas de Rarámuri (501(c)(3) https://apps.irs.gov/pub/epostcard/dl/FinalLetter_27-0402233_NORAWASDERARAMURI_04132010_01.tif, raised and distributed approximately $40K per year, exclusively to Rarámuri communities, including exclusively Rarámuri events, other than the Copper Canyon Ultramarathon. Under new direction by Maria Walton, True's partner, and Fuego y Agua Events LLC. Director Josue Stephens, the race event continued for several more years. In honor of Micah, the race has since taken the name by which it has always been known in Mexico, [[Ultramaraton Caballo Blanco]].<ref name="Post"/>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Sports and games}}
{{Portal|Sports}}
*[[James A. Corea]]
*[[James A. Corea]]
*[[Jim Fixx]]
*[[Jim Fixx]]
*[[Bill Smith (fell runner)]]&nbsp;— similar incident, remote location, well known runner, difficult body recovery<ref name="Carbone">{{cite news|url=http://keepingscore.blogs.time.com/2012/04/02/micah-true-how-did-an-experienced-ultramarathoner-go-off-course/ |title=Micah True: How Did an Experienced Ultramarathoner Go Off Course |first1=Nick |last1=Carbone |date=April 2, 2012 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |accessdate=April 2, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66eglejIy?url=http://keepingscore.blogs.time.com/2012/04/02/micah-true-how-did-an-experienced-ultramarathoner-go-off-course/ |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
*[[Bill Smith (fell runner)]]&nbsp;— similar incident, remote location, well known runner, difficult body recovery<ref name="Carbone">{{cite magazine|url=http://keepingscore.blogs.time.com/2012/04/02/micah-true-how-did-an-experienced-ultramarathoner-go-off-course/ |title=Micah True: How Did an Experienced Ultramarathoner Go Off Course |first1=Nick |last1=Carbone |date=April 2, 2012 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404155339/http://keepingscore.blogs.time.com/2012/04/02/micah-true-how-did-an-experienced-ultramarathoner-go-off-course/ |archive-date=April 4, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Footnotes==
==Footnotes==
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== References ==
== References ==
{{Refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
{{Refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
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*{{citation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/21/sports/caballo-blancos-last-run-the-micah-true-story.html?_r=3&pagewanted=all |title=Caballo Blanco's Last Run: The Micah True Story |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Barry |last=Bearak |date=May 20, 2012}}
*{{citation|url=http://www.caballoblanco.com/bwarticle2.html |title=True's travels and the Tarahumeraby |first1=Tricia |last1=Brick |work=[[Boulder Weekly]] |year=2000 |accessdate=April 1, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66eet2Axl?url=http://www.caballoblanco.com/bwarticle2.html |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
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*{{citation|url=http://www.timesunion.com/news/article/Friends-recall-Micah-True-passionate-and-playful-3451149.php |title=Friends recall Micah True: passionate and playful |first1=Susan Montoya |last1=Bryan |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[Times Union (Albany)|Times Union]] |location=Albany, New York |date=April 2, 2012a |accessdate=April 2, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66ee0Ijel?url=http://www.timesunion.com/news/article/Friends-recall-Micah-True-passionate-and-playful-3451149.php |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
*{{citation|url=http://www.timesunion.com/news/article/Friends-recall-Micah-True-passionate-and-playful-3451149.php |title=Friends recall Micah True: passionate and playful |first1=Susan Montoya |last1=Bryan |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[Times Union (Albany)|Times Union]] |location=Albany, New York |date=April 2, 2012a |access-date=April 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403013550/http://www.timesunion.com/news/article/Friends-recall-Micah-True-passionate-and-playful-3451149.php |archive-date=April 3, 2012 |url-status=live }}
*{{citation |url=http://www.wtop.com/?nid=351&sid=2809734 |title=Micah True's death clouds future of ultra-marathon |first1=Susan Montoya |last1=Bryan |agency=Associated Press |location=Washington, DC |publisher=[[WTOP-FM]] |date=April 2, 2012b |accessdate=April 3, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66ec0AXja?url=http://www.wtop.com/?nid=351&sid=2809734 |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}{{dead link|date=January 2018}}
*{{citation |url=http://www.wtop.com/?nid=351&sid=2809734 |title=Micah True's death clouds future of ultra-marathon |first1=Susan Montoya |last1=Bryan |agency=Associated Press |location=Washington, DC |publisher=[[WTOP-FM]] |date=April 2, 2012b |access-date=April 3, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225004419/http://wtop.com/?nid=351&sid=2809734 |archive-date=2014-12-25 |url-status=dead }}
*{{citation|url=http://www.denverpost.com/breakingnews/ci_20298068/micah-true-boulder-ultrarunner-search-new-mexico |title=Body of Boulder ultrarunner Micah True found in New Mexico: 'Caballo Blanco' last seen going for a run Wednesday in Gila, N.M. |date=March 31, 2012a |first1=Mitchell |last1=Byars |work=[[The Denver Post]] |accessdate=April 1, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66edmNd9K?url=http://www.denverpost.com/breakingnews/ci_20298068/micah-true-boulder-ultrarunner-search-new-mexico |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
*{{citation|url=http://www.denverpost.com/breakingnews/ci_20298068/micah-true-boulder-ultrarunner-search-new-mexico |title=Body of Boulder ultrarunner Micah True found in New Mexico: 'Caballo Blanco' last seen going for a run Wednesday in Gila, N.M. |date=March 31, 2012a |first1=Mitchell |last1=Byars |work=[[The Denver Post]] |access-date=April 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403170756/http://www.denverpost.com/breakingnews/ci_20298068/micah-true-boulder-ultrarunner-search-new-mexico |archive-date=April 3, 2012 |url-status=live }}
*{{citation|url=http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_20349251/low-key-memorial-micah-true-much-like-runner |title=Low-key memorial for Micah True much like the runner |date=April 8, 2012b |first1=Mitchell |last1=Byars |publisher=Daily Camera/Denver Post |location=Boulder, Colorado |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66lx5tW6E?url=http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_20349251/low-key-memorial-micah-true-much-like-runner |archivedate=April 8, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
*{{citation|url=http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_20349251/low-key-memorial-micah-true-much-like-runner |title=Low-key memorial for Micah True much like the runner |date=April 8, 2012b |first1=Mitchell |last1=Byars |publisher=Daily Camera/[[Denver Post]] |location=Boulder, Colorado |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120409234235/http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_20349251/low-key-memorial-micah-true-much-like-runner |archive-date=April 9, 2012 |url-status=live }}
*{{citation |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5isE6i8nRobR2xsRVn9stsDd0_cdw?docId=0bf8c8cd0ad244d6b9f78c4ea5ce86b7 |title=Ultra-marathoner died from heart disease |first1=Susan Montoya |last1=Bryan |publisher=Associated Press |date=May 8, 2012c |accessdate=May 9, 2012 }}
*{{citation |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5isE6i8nRobR2xsRVn9stsDd0_cdw?docId=0bf8c8cd0ad244d6b9f78c4ea5ce86b7 |title=Ultra-marathoner died from heart disease |first1=Susan Montoya |last1=Bryan |publisher=Associated Press |date=May 8, 2012c |access-date=May 9, 2012 }}
*{{citation |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-search-for-runner-micah-true-new-mexico-20120331,0,7965980.story?track=rss |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |first1=Dalina |last1=Castellanos |date=March 31, 2012 |title=A run gone wrong: Runner Micah True missing in New Mexico forest |accessdate=April 1, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66eeAtoxk?url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-search-for-runner-micah-true-new-mexico-20120331,0,7965980.story?track=rss |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
*{{citation |url=https://www.latimes.com/news/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-search-for-runner-micah-true-new-mexico-20120331,0,7965980.story?track=rss |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |first1=Dalina |last1=Castellanos |date=March 31, 2012 |title=A run gone wrong: Runner Micah True missing in New Mexico forest |access-date=April 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401121232/http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-search-for-runner-micah-true-new-mexico-20120331,0,7965980.story?track=rss |archive-date=April 1, 2012 |url-status=live }}
*{{citation|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/searchers-find-body-of-renowned-runner-micah-true-who-was-missing-after-going-for-a-run-in-nm/2012/04/01/gIQA5Y3HoS_story.html?tid=pm_national_pop |title=Searchers find body of renowned runner Micah True, who disappeared after going for a run in NM |last1=Christie |first1=Bob |first2=Terry |last2=Tang |first3=Thomas |last3=Peipert |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 1, 2012 |accessdate=April 1, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66edNrd21?url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/searchers-find-body-of-renowned-runner-micah-true-who-was-missing-after-going-for-a-run-in-nm/2012/04/01/gIQA5Y3HoS_story.html?tid=pm_national_pop |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
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*{{citation |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/05/19/the-final-run-of-ultra-marathoner-micah-true.html |last=Heil |first=Nick |title=The Final Run of Ultra-Marathoner Micah True |work=The Daily Beast |date=May 19, 2012}}
*{{citation |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/05/19/the-final-run-of-ultra-marathoner-micah-true.html |last=Heil |first=Nick |title=The Final Run of Ultra-Marathoner Micah True |newspaper=[[The Daily Beast]] |date=May 19, 2012}}
*{{citation|url=http://www.menshealth.com/fitness/men-who-live-forever |title=The Men Who Live Forever |first1=Christopher |last1=McDougall |date=September 14, 2006 |journal=[[Men's Health (magazine)|Men's Health]] |accessdate=April 2, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66ef2KNOP?url=http://www.menshealth.com/fitness/men-who-live-forever |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
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*{{citation |last= McDougall |first= Christopher |title= Born to run: a hidden tribe, superathletes, and the greatest race the world has never seen |year= 2011 |origyear= 2009 |publisher= Vintage Books |location= New York |isbn= 978-0-307-27918-7 |edition=1st}}
*{{citation |last= McDougall |first= Christopher |title= Born to run: a hidden tribe, superathletes, and the greatest race the world has never seen |year= 2011 |orig-year= 2009 |publisher=[[Vintage Books]] |location= New York |isbn= 978-0-307-27918-7 |edition= 1st |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780307279187 }}
*{{citation|first1=Christopher |last1=McDougall |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17600061 |date=4 April 2012a |title=Ultra-running: Who was the mysterious White Horse? |publisher=BBC |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66h8rOdQb?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17600061 |archivedate=5 April 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
*{{citation|first1=Christopher |last1=McDougall |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17600061 |date=4 April 2012a |title=Ultra-running: Who was the mysterious White Horse? |publisher=[[BBC]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405141636/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17600061 |archive-date=5 April 2012 |url-status=live }}
*{{citation|url=http://runningtimes.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=18905 |title=Micah True a.k.a. Caballo Blanco: The Colorado runner plays a leading role in McDougall's 'Born to Run' |first1=Brian |last1=Metzler |date=March 2010 |work=Running Times |accessdate=April 1, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66ecv92lB?url=http://runningtimes.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=18905 |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
*{{citation|url=http://runningtimes.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=18905 |title=Micah True a.k.a. Caballo Blanco: The Colorado runner plays a leading role in McDougall's 'Born to Run' |first1=Brian |last1=Metzler |date=March 2010 |work=Running Times |access-date=April 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104111155/http://runningtimes.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=18905 |archive-date=November 4, 2011 |url-status=live }}
*{{citation|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/micah-true-ultramarathon-runner-dead-at-58/2012/04/10/gIQArqjX9S_story.html |title=Micah True, ultramarathon runner, dead at 58 |first1=T. Rees |last1=Shapiro |publisher=[[Washington Post]] |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66qOoY4Y2?url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/micah-true-ultramarathon-runner-dead-at-58/2012/04/10/gIQArqjX9S_story.html |date=April 11, 2012 |archivedate=April 11, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
*{{citation|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/micah-true-ultramarathon-runner-dead-at-58/2012/04/10/gIQArqjX9S_story.html |title=Micah True, ultramarathon runner, dead at 58 |first1=T. Rees |last1=Shapiro |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627022416/http://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/micah-true-ultramarathon-runner-dead-at-58/2012/04/10/gIQArqjX9S_story.html |date=April 11, 2012 |archive-date=June 27, 2012 |url-status=live }}
*{{citation|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/americas/united-states/120331/micah-true-ultra-marathon-runner-found-dead-gila |title=Micah True, ultra-marathon runner, found dead in Gila National Forest |first1=Samantha |last1=Stainburn |work=[[Global Post]] |date=March 31, 2012 |accessdate=April 1, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66efqrbu2?url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/americas/united-states/120331/micah-true-ultra-marathon-runner-found-dead-gila |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
*{{citation|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/americas/united-states/120331/micah-true-ultra-marathon-runner-found-dead-gila |title=Micah True, ultra-marathon runner, found dead in Gila National Forest |first1=Samantha |last1=Stainburn |work=[[Global Post]] |date=March 31, 2012 |access-date=April 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401171943/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/americas/united-states/120331/micah-true-ultra-marathon-runner-found-dead-gila |archive-date=April 1, 2012 |url-status=live }}
*{{citation|url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/micah-true-ultrarunners-body-found-mexicos-wilderness/story?id=16048218#.T3hD9qtSSRY |title=Micah True: Ultrarunner's Body Found in New Mexico's Wilderness |first1=Marisa |last1=Taylor |publisher=[[ABC News]] |date=April 1, 2012 |accessdate=April 1, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66efjidpf?url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/micah-true-ultrarunners-body-found-mexicos-wilderness/story?id=16048218 |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
*{{citation|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/micah-true-ultrarunners-body-found-mexicos-wilderness/story?id=16048218#.T3hD9qtSSRY |title=Micah True: Ultrarunner's Body Found in New Mexico's Wilderness |first1=Marisa |last1=Taylor |publisher=[[ABC News]] |date=April 1, 2012 |access-date=April 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401154152/https://abcnews.go.com/US/micah-true-ultrarunners-body-found-mexicos-wilderness/story?id=16048218 |archive-date=April 1, 2012 |url-status=live }}
*{{citation|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/322865/20120402/micah-true-ultrarunner-body-found-gila-wilderness.htm |title=Micah True: Ultrarunner's Body Found Days After Going Missing On 12-Mile Run |first1=Jason |last1=Van Hoven |work=International Business Times |date=April 2, 2012 |accessdate=April 2, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66eh1FIEW?url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/322865/20120402/micah-true-ultrarunner-body-found-gila-wilderness.htm |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
*{{citation|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/322865/20120402/micah-true-ultrarunner-body-found-gila-wilderness.htm |title=Micah True: Ultrarunner's Body Found Days After Going Missing On 12-Mile Run |first1=Jason |last1=Van Hoven |work=[[International Business Times]] |date=April 2, 2012 |access-date=April 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405013548/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/322865/20120402/micah-true-ultrarunner-body-found-gila-wilderness.htm |archive-date=April 5, 2012 |url-status=live }}
*{{citation |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sns-rt-runner-deathtruel2e8f122v-20120401,0,24157,full.story |title=New Mexico crews working to recover body of ultra-marathoner Micah True |first1=Ellen |last1=Wulfhorst |first2=Colleen |last2=Jenkins |date=March 31, 2012 |accessdate=March 31, 2012 |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |agency=[[Reuters]] |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66ehg96Zm?url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sns-rt-runner-deathtruel2e8f122v-20120401,0,24157,full.story |archivedate=April 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
*{{citation |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sns-rt-runner-deathtruel2e8f122v-20120401,0,24157,full.story |title=New Mexico crews working to recover body of ultra-marathoner Micah True |first1=Ellen |last1=Wulfhorst |first2=Colleen |last2=Jenkins |date=March 31, 2012 |access-date=March 31, 2012 |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |agency=[[Reuters]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120403185842/http://www.chicagotribune.com/sns-rt-runner-deathtruel2e8f122v-20120401,0,24157,full.story |archive-date=April 3, 2012 |url-status=live }}


{{Refend}}
{{Refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
*{{cite web |url=http://www.madetorun.com/events/an-evening-with-caballo-blanco/ |title=An Evening with Caballo Blanco |date=October 29, 2009 |format=video |publisher=Made to Run |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406092209/http://www.madetorun.com/events/an-evening-with-caballo-blanco/ |archivedate=April 6, 2012 |df= }}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.madetorun.com/events/an-evening-with-caballo-blanco/ |title=An Evening with Caballo Blanco |date=October 29, 2009 |format=video |publisher=Made to Run |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406092209/http://www.madetorun.com/events/an-evening-with-caballo-blanco/ |archive-date=April 6, 2012 }}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.caballoblanco.com/ |title=Copper Canyon with a Man Called Horse }}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.caballoblanco.com/ |title=Copper Canyon with a Man Called Horse }}
*{{cite web |url=http://video.foxbusiness.com/v/1544524343001/running-community-mourning-loss-of-micah-true/ |title=Running Community Mourning Loss of Micah True |date=April 3, 2012 |author=McDougall, Christopher |work=[[Imus in the Morning]] |format=video |publisher=Fox News <!-- |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66eso7tUs?url=http://video.foxbusiness.com/v/1544524343001/running-community-mourning-loss-of-micah-true/ |archivedate= April 3, 2012 |deadurl= no-->}}
*{{cite web |url=http://video.foxbusiness.com/v/1544524343001/running-community-mourning-loss-of-micah-true/ |title=Running Community Mourning Loss of Micah True |date=April 3, 2012 |author=McDougall, Christopher |work=[[Imus in the Morning]] |format=video |publisher=Fox News <!-- |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/66eso7tUs?url=http://video.foxbusiness.com/v/1544524343001/running-community-mourning-loss-of-micah-true/ |archive-date= April 3, 2012 |url-status= live-->}}
*{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6U728AZnV0/ |title=Run for Your Life! At a comfortable pace, and not too far |date= Nov 27, 2012 |format=video |publisher=TEDxUMKC }}
*{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6U728AZnV0/ |title=Run for Your Life! At a comfortable pace, and not too far |date= Nov 27, 2012 |format=video |publisher=TEDxUMKC }}
*{{cite journal |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/clc.20994/abstract/ |title=Phidippides Cardiomyopathy: A Review and Case Illustration |date=January 4, 2012 |format=article |publisher=Wiley Online Library |doi=10.1002/clc.20994 |pmid=22222888 |volume=35 |journal=Clin Cardiol |pages=69–73}}
*{{cite journal |title=Phidippides Cardiomyopathy: A Review and Case Illustration |date=January 4, 2012 |doi=10.1002/clc.20994 |pmid=22222888 |volume=35 |issue=2 |journal=Clin Cardiol |pages=69–73|last1 = Trivax|first1 = Justin E.|last2=McCullough |first2=Peter A. |pmc=6652719 }}
*[http://www.ultracb.com/blog/a-marvelous-memorial-the-11th-annual-ultramaraton-caballo-blanco 11th Annual Ultramarathon]
*[http://www.ultracb.com/blog/a-marvelous-memorial-the-11th-annual-ultramaraton-caballo-blanco 11th Annual Ultramarathon]
*{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMVECEaQ0Jo |title=Run Free - The True Story of Caballo Blanco |via=[[YouTube]] |format=Video}}
*{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMVECEaQ0Jo |title=Run Free - The True Story of Caballo Blanco |via=[[YouTube]] |format=Video}}
*{{Boxrec|id=28561}}


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[[Category:American male long-distance runners]]
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[[Category:American male mountain runners]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Boulder, Colorado]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Boulder, Colorado]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Colorado]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Colorado]]
[[Category:Sports deaths in New Mexico]]
[[Category:Sports deaths in New Mexico]]
[[Category:Deaths from cardiomyopathy]]

Latest revision as of 23:15, 13 March 2024

Micah True
Personal information
Birth nameMichael Randall Hickman
NicknameCaballo Blanco
NationalityAmerican
Born(1953-11-10)November 10, 1953[1]
Oakland, California, U.S.
DiedMarch 27, 2012(2012-03-27) (aged 58)[2]
Gila Wilderness, New Mexico, U.S.
Sport
Sport
Events

Micah True (November 10, 1953 – March 27, 2012), born Michael Randall Hickman and also known as Caballo Blanco (white horse), was an American ultrarunner from Boulder, Colorado, who received attention because of his depiction as a central character in Christopher McDougall's book Born to Run.[3][4] True's inclusion in the book garnered him some attention in ultrarunning circles, and some readers credited him as their inspiration for taking up the sport.[2][5][6][7][8]

During the 1980s and 90s, True spent several months per year trail running in Mexico. In 2003, True decided to organize a race for the Tarahumara people in Mexico that would help them preserve their culture and running heritage. True died on March 27, 2012, during a run in the Gila Wilderness, part of the Gila National Forest in southwestern New Mexico.

Life[edit]

Micah True was born Michael Randall Hickman in Oakland, California, the son of a Korean War Marine Corps Gunnery Sergeant[1] and the second of four children.[9] He grew up traveling the country as his family relocated to various nationally located Marine Corps bases.[1] His family was conservative Roman Catholic, but True aligned himself with the counter-culture movement of the 1960s and 70s.[9]

True attended Humboldt State University, where he studied Eastern religions and Native American history.[1] To earn money he began prizefighting in informal boxing bouts, using the name "Gypsy Cowboy," and perhaps taking the occasional dive for an easy payday.[9][10] Between 1974 and 1982, Hickman was a professional middleweight boxer, fighting under the name Mike "True" Hickman. His career record was 9 wins (KO 2), 11 losses (KO 9), and 0 draws.[11]

At some point True spent 10 months living in a cave in Hawaii where he fell in love with a rich girl.[9] It was when she left him, he said, that he took up long-distance running.[1] He also changed his name from Michael Hickman to Micah True.[1] (The name Micah comes from the Bible, while True came from the name of a beloved pet: True Dog.)[9]

By 1982, True had moved to Boulder, Colorado, where he began working as a self-employed furniture mover.[9] By then he had become a "trailrunning bum" (like a "surfing bum or a climbing bum").[1] For almost 20 years, he spent winters running in Mexico, Guatemala, and Central America, averaging 170 miles (270 km) per week.[12][13] He would return to Boulder during the summers to earn enough money to live on the rest of the year.[10] Among villagers he became known as "El Caballo Blanco" or "The White Horse" for his long blond hair and pale skin.[9]

In 1993, True came in contact with the Tarahumara or Rarámuri runners from Chihuahua, Mexico. In 1994, he began spending his winters running in the Copper Canyons, where he built a hut and began establishing a relationship with the Tarahumara natives.[9]

Copper Canyons marathon in Urique

Copper Canyon Ultra Marathon[edit]

In 2003, True decided to organize a race for the Tarahumara natives that would help them preserve their culture and running heritage.[9] The first Copper Canyon Ultra Marathon was held on March 23, 2003;[14] though turnout was small, it became an annual tradition.[15][16][17]

In 2006, True had the idea of inviting American ultrarunners to compete with the Tarahumara.[9] After initially reaching out on the internet, he wrote an article in Men's Health, elucidating many of the lessons he internalized from the Tarahumara people.[18][19] He also contacted Christopher McDougall, a writer for Men's Health, who would later write the book Born to Run.

The 2012 event took place on March 12 and was the largest ever with hundreds of participants. Most were local Tarahumara, known for their running endurance, both as a general means of travel and while participating in ceremonial, team-based, long distance running events, most famously the Rarajipari, or ball game. In addition to prize money for the top ten finishers, the event awards seed corn vouchers to all runners who complete the distance. The race has its start and finish in the town square of Urique, Chihuahua, Mexico, covering an estimated 50 miles (80 km) of single track trail and dirt road.[2][16][20]

Born to Run[edit]

Tarahumara women selling baskets, blankets and oranges

In 2009, True was featured prominently in Christopher McDougall's best selling book Born to Run.[A] [1] The book told the story of the Copper Canyons ultra marathon and the Tarahumara, while promoting the endurance running hypothesis, arguing that humans left the forests and moved to the savannas by developing the ability to run long distances in order to hunt prey by simply outlasting them in a long chase.[22]

Becoming a central character in a best selling book changed True's life significantly.[9] Previously he had lived a quiet simple life, not seeing himself as the eccentric and amazing person in the book. He said he sometimes felt like he had to "live up to the expectations of the book" and told people that the book contained exaggerations and inaccuracies.[9] Nevertheless, he became active on Facebook where he encouraged people to follow him. It was through Facebook that he met Maria Walton, who became his girlfriend for the last two years of his life.[9]

True also began using his celebrity status to help raise funds for the annual Copper Canyon race. He spoke at various events, beginning with a Saucony sponsored event in Utah, and then eventually traveling to Sweden, Denmark, and England.[9] According to Walton, True was never comfortable with his fame, only wanting to be known as someone who was genuine and real.[23]

Death and race continuation[edit]

On March 27, 2012, True failed to return after heading out for a run in the Gila Wilderness, part of the Gila National Forest in southwestern New Mexico. He departed from the Wilderness Lodge in Gila, saying he was going for a 12-mile (19 km) run. A subsequent mountain rescue effort involved three aircraft and at least nine search and rescue teams in off-road vehicles and on horseback, looking across 200,000 acres (81,000 ha) of high desert.[24][25] Searchers included ultra-runners such as Scott Jurek, Kyle Skaggs, Timothy Olson, and many athletes and friends who had participated in the 51 mile Copper Canyon Ultra Marathon.[26]

On March 31, True was found dead with his legs dangling in a stream.[8][27] The local sheriff said there were "no obvious signs of trauma",[28] although True had scrapes and abrasions on his hands, arms, and knees, suggesting a fall.[23] His remains were removed by horseback. Because of difficult terrain and remote location, the recovery was not completed until April 1.[2][6][24][27] An autopsy[8] was inconclusive with respect to the actual cause of death, revealing, however, that True was suffering from idiopathic cardiomyopathy, which had caused the left ventricle of his heart to become enlarged. The autopsy report of the Office of the Medical Investigator of New Mexico noted that "the decedent did not have a regular physician and no medical records, particularly electrocardiograms or blood pressure readings were available for review" and "the best determination is that of unclassified cardiomyopathy which resulted in a cardiac dysrhythmia during exertion."[29]

However, Dr. James O'Keefe Jr., the director of Preventative Cardiology Fellowship Program and the Director of Preventative Cardiology at Cardiovascular Consultants at the Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, a large cardiology practice in Kansas City, looked at the pathology report and believes that Micah True's enlarged thickened heart with scar tissue is a pathology some extreme endurance athletes develop termed Phidippides cardiomyopathy by Peter A. McCullough in research conducted with Justin E. Trivax.[30][31] According to McCullough and Trivax's hypothesis,[32] "this pathology occurs because endurance sports call for a sustained increase in cardiac output for several hours" which puts the heart "into a state of volume overload. It has been shown that approximately one-third of marathon runners experience dilation of the right atrium and ventricle, have elevations of cardiac troponin and natriuretic peptides, and in a smaller fraction later develop small patches of cardiac fibrosis that are the likely substrate for ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden death."[30][33]

A simple memorial gathering was held at Colorado Chautauqua in Boulder on April 6, in which friends ran up Flagstaff Mountain in Colorado and assembled on the Chautauqua park lawn to swap stories and remembrances of him.[34]

Due to True's role in the organization and production of the Copper Canyon Ultramarathon, after his death the continuation of the event was placed in doubt.[35] The charitable organization, Norawas de Raramuri (Friends of the Running People), founded in 2009 by (in alphabetical order) Brooke Cantor, Deborah K. Kelly, Chris Labbe, and Andrew Labbe, continued to fund Rarámuri participation in the race. Between 2009 and 2013, Norawas de Rarámuri (501(c)(3) https://apps.irs.gov/pub/epostcard/dl/FinalLetter_27-0402233_NORAWASDERARAMURI_04132010_01.tif, raised and distributed approximately $40K per year, exclusively to Rarámuri communities, including exclusively Rarámuri events, other than the Copper Canyon Ultramarathon. Under new direction by Maria Walton, True's partner, and Fuego y Agua Events LLC. Director Josue Stephens, the race event continued for several more years. In honor of Micah, the race has since taken the name by which it has always been known in Mexico, Ultramaraton Caballo Blanco.[15]

See also[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ^ The book was on the New York Times Best Seller List for more than four months, although book critic Dan Zak, writer of the Style section of the Washington Post thought it contained extraneous efforts to be "gonzo and overly clever".[21]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Shapiro (2012)
  2. ^ a b c d Byars (2012a)
  3. ^ "Body of runner Micah True, 'Caballo Blanco', found", The First Post, London, archived from the original on April 2, 2012, retrieved April 1, 2012
  4. ^ Metzler (2010)
  5. ^ "Renowned runner Micah True's body found". USA Today. April 2, 2012. Archived from the original on April 1, 2012. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
  6. ^ a b Christie (2012)
  7. ^ "Micah True, a super athlete" (Video). The Age. Melbourne. April 3, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
  8. ^ a b c Bryan (2012a)
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Bearak (2012)
  10. ^ a b McDougall (2009) prizefighting in college pp.276-277. returned to Colorado p.281.
  11. ^ "Mike Hickman", BoxRec, retrieved October 2, 2020
  12. ^ Brick (2000)
  13. ^ McDougall (2009)
  14. ^ True, Micah, Copper Canyon Ultra Marathon, archived from the original on 13 April 2012, retrieved 21 April 2012
  15. ^ a b "Foundation formed to keep alive runner Micah True's ultra-marathon in Copper Canyon". Washington Post. Albuquerque, New Mexico. April 9, 2012.[dead link]
  16. ^ a b Outside Online (March 31, 2010), "Born to Run: Caballo Blanco Interview" (Video), Outside, archived from the original on October 6, 2011, retrieved April 1, 2012
  17. ^ Castellanos (2012)
  18. ^ McDougall (2006)
  19. ^ Staff Reporter (April 2, 2012). "Caballo Blanco Dead: Micah True Found Beside a Stream, Fans Respond to Death of a Legend". International Business Times. Archived from the original on April 4, 2012. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
  20. ^ "Missing Ultramarathoner Found Dead in New Mexico". The New York Times. Reuters. April 1, 2012. p. SP10. Archived from the original on April 3, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
  21. ^ Zak, Dan (June 21, 2009). "Running, the Natural Way". Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 27, 2009.
  22. ^ Parker-Pope, Tara (October 26, 2009). "The Human Body is Built for Distance Well". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 1, 2011.
  23. ^ a b Heil (2012)
  24. ^ a b Stainburn (2012)
  25. ^ "Body of ultrarunner Micah True, 58, found in New Mexico wilderness", Denver Post, The Daily Camera, April 1, 2012, archived from the original on April 2, 2012, retrieved April 1, 2012
  26. ^ Van Hoven (2012)
  27. ^ a b Wulfhorst (2012)
  28. ^ Taylor (2012)
  29. ^ Bryan (2012c)
  30. ^ a b Trivax, J. E.; McCullough, P. A. (2012). "Phidippides cardiomyopathy: a review and case illustration". Clin Cardiol. 35 (2): 69–73. doi:10.1002/clc.20994. PMC 6652719. PMID 22222888.
  31. ^ O'Keefe Jr., James (27 November 2012). "Run for your life! At a comfortable pace and not too far," TEDxUMKC. retrieved 1 February 2013.
  32. ^ O'Keefe, James (June 2012). "Potential Adverse Cardiovascular Effects From Excessive Endurance Exercise". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 87 (6): 587–95. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.04.005. PMC 3538475. PMID 22677079.
  33. ^ ICTMN Staff (April 6, 2012). "Micah True's Death May Have Ripple Effect for Rarámuri Indians". Indian Country Today Media Network. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012.
  34. ^ Byars (2012b)
  35. ^ Bryan (2012b)
  36. ^ Carbone, Nick (April 2, 2012). "Micah True: How Did an Experienced Ultramarathoner Go Off Course". Time. Archived from the original on April 4, 2012. Retrieved April 2, 2012.

References[edit]

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micah_True&oldid=1213587995"