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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{italictitle}}
{{Italic title}}
{{taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Scarlet Banana
| name = Scarlet banana
| image = Berthe Hoola van Nooten02.jpg
| image = Berthe Hoola van Nooten02.jpg
| image_caption = Illustration of ''Musa coccinea'' [[inflorescence]].
| image_caption = Illustration of [[inflorescence]]
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN/>
| unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
| genus = Musa
| unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]]
| parent = Musa sect. Callimusa
| ordo = [[Zingiberales]]
| familia = [[Musaceae]]
| species = coccinea
⚫
| authority = [[Henry Cranke Andrews|Andrews]]<ref name=trop1/>
| genus = ''[[Musa (genus)|Musa]]''
| species = '''''M. coccinea'''''
| binomial = ''Musa coccinea''
⚫
| binomial_authority = [[Henry Charles Andrews|Andrews]]<ref name=trop1/>
| synonyms = ''Quesnelia lamarckii'' <small>[[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]</small>
| synonyms = ''Quesnelia lamarckii'' <small>[[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]</small>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=WCSP_254796/>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=WCSP_254796/>
}}
}}


'''''Musa coccinea''''', commonly known as '''scarlet banana'''<ref name=grin/> or '''red-flowering banana''',<ref name=cw/> is a [[bat]]-[[pollination|pollinated]]<ref name=ab/> plant in the [[Musaceae|banana and plantain]] family native to tropical [[China]] (in [[Guangdong]], [[Guangxi]], and southeastern [[Yunnan]]) and [[Vietnam]].<ref name=grin/> It is placed in section ''Callimusa'' (now including the former section ''Australimusa''), having a [[diploid]] [[chromosome]] number of 2n = 20.<ref name=Wong02/>
'''''Musa coccinea''''', commonly known as '''scarlet banana'''<ref name=grin/> or '''red-flowering banana''',<ref name=cw/> is a [[species]] of [[flowering plant]] in the banana and plantain [[family (botany)|family]] Musaceae, native to tropical [[China]] (in [[Guangdong]], [[Guangxi]], and southeastern [[Yunnan]]) and [[Vietnam]].<ref name=grin/> It is a [[bat]]-[[pollination|pollinated]]<ref name=ab/> [[evergreen]] [[perennial plant|perennial]], placed in section ''Callimusa'' (now including the former section ''Australimusa''), having a [[diploid]] [[chromosome]] number of 2n = 20.<ref name=Wong02/>


The flower cluster is more rounded than in the related species ''[[Musa beccarii|M.&nbsp;beccarii]]''. It is made up of erect spirals of red bracts which enclose tubular yellow flowers. The fruits are orange, only about {{convert|2|cm|in|abbr=on|1}} long, and contain seeds.<ref name=Ploe07/> The species is cultivated for its ornamental value,<ref name=grin/> being grown, for example, along with [[heliconia]]s in commercial farms in [[Hawai'i]].<ref name=Ploe07/>
The flower cluster is more rounded than in the related species ''[[Musa beccarii|M.&nbsp;beccarii]]''. It is made up of erect spirals of red bracts which enclose tubular yellow flowers. The inedible fruits are orange, only about {{convert|2|cm|in|abbr=on|1}} long, and contain seeds.<ref name=Ploe07/> The species is cultivated for its ornamental value,<ref name=grin/> being grown, for example, along with [[heliconia]]s in commercial farms in [[Hawaii]].<ref name=Ploe07/> It does not tolerate temperatures below {{convert|10 |C|F|abbr=on}}, so in [[temperate climate|temperate]] zones requires protection during the winter months. In the UK it has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]’s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref name = RHSPF>{{cite web
| url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/11233/i-Musa-coccinea-i/Details
| title = RHS Plantfinder - ''Musa coccinea'' | access-date=4 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 65 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date = 4 April 2018}}</ref>


''M.&nbsp;coccinea'' is a known [[host (biology)|host]] in the [[New World]] of the [[red palm mite]] (''Raoiella indica'').<ref name=cw/>
''M.&nbsp;coccinea'' is a known [[host (biology)|host]] in the [[New World]] of the [[red palm mite]] (''Raoiella indica'').<ref name=cw/>


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
[[File:Musa coccinea, SBG.jpg|thumb|right|Flower]]


''Musa coccinea'' was described by [[Henry Charles Andrews|Andrews]] in 1799. ''M.&nbsp;ouranoscopos'' Lour. (an illegitimate name) is often incorrectly given as a synonym. [[João de Loureiro|Loureiro]]'s 1790 account is confused. He refers to an illustration in [[Georg Eberhard Rumphius|Rumphius]]' 1747 ''Herbarium Amboinense'', hence this is the [[type (biology)|type]] of his name. However, this illustration had previously been used in Linnaeus' description of ''M.&nbsp;troglodytarum'', so ''M.&nbsp;ouranoscopos'' Lour. is a superfluous name for ''M.&nbsp;troglodytarum''. Loureiro's description {{em|is}} of ''M.&nbsp;coccinea''; however the type rather than the description determines the synonymity, so ''M.&nbsp;ouranoscopos'' Lour. is not a synonym of ''M.&nbsp;coccinea''.<ref name=HakkVareChri12>{{Cite journal |last=Häkkinen |first=M. |last2=Väre |first2=H. |last3=Christenhusz |first3=M.J.M. |year=2012 |title=Identity of a ''Pisang'' – historical concepts of ''Musa'' (Musaceae) and the reinstatement of ''Musa troglodytarum'' |journal=Folia malaysiana |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=1–14 |lastauthoramp=yes }}</ref>
''Musa coccinea'' was described by [[Henry Cranke Andrews|Andrews]] in 1799. ''M.&nbsp;uranoscopos'' <small>Lour.</small> (an illegitimate name) is often incorrectly given as a synonym. [[João de Loureiro|Loureiro]]'s 1790 account is confused. He refers to an illustration in [[Georg Eberhard Rumphius|Rumphius]]' 1747 ''Herbarium Amboinense'', hence this is the [[type (biology)|type]] of his name. However, this illustration had previously been used in Linnaeus' description of ''M.&nbsp;troglodytarum'', so ''M.&nbsp;uranoscopos'' <small>Lour.</small> is a superfluous name for ''M.&nbsp;troglodytarum''. Loureiro's description {{em|is}} of ''M.&nbsp;coccinea''; however the type rather than the description determines the synonymity, so ''M.&nbsp;uranoscopos'' <small>Lour.</small> is not a synonym of ''M.&nbsp;coccinea''.<ref name=HakkVareChri12/>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
{{Reflist|refs=


<ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn | author1 = Allen, R. | author2 = Plummer, J. | name-list-style = amp | title = ''Musa coccinea'' | page = e.T111907070A111907072 | year = 2020 | access-date = 25 February 2022}}</ref>
⚫
<ref name=ab>{{ cite journal |author=Theodore H. Fleming, Cullen Geiselman, and W. John Kress |title=The evolution of bat pollination: a phylogenetic perspective |journal=Annals of Botany |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |month=November |year=2009 |volume=104 |issue=6 |pages=1017–1043 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcp197 |accessdate=June 4, 2011 |pmc=2766192 |pmid=19789175}}</ref>


⚫
<ref name=ab>{{ cite journal |author1=Theodore H. Fleming |author2=Cullen Geiselman |author3=W. John Kress |name-list-style=amp |title=The evolution of bat pollination: a phylogenetic perspective |journal=Annals of Botany |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=November 2009 |volume=104 |issue=6 |pages=1017–1043 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcp197 |pmc=2766192 |pmid=19789175}}</ref>
⚫
<ref name=cw>{{ cite web |author=Cal Welbourn |title=Pest Alert for Red palm mite ''Raoiella indica'' Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) |publisher=[[Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services]], Division of Plant Industry |date=May 1, 2009 |url=http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/ento/r.indica.html |accessdate=June 4, 2011}}</ref>


⚫
<ref name=cw>{{ cite web |author=Cal Welbourn |title=Pest Alert for Red palm mite ''Raoiella indica'' Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) |publisher=[[Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services]], Division of Plant Industry |date=May 1, 2009 |url=http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/ento/r.indica.html |access-date=June 4, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202081139/http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/ento/r.indica.html |archivedate=December 2, 2010 }}</ref>
<ref name=grin>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?24712 |title=''Musa coccinea'' information from NPGS/GRIN |author=[[Germplasm Resources Information Network|GRIN]] |work=Taxonomy for Plants |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program |location=National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, [[Beltsville, Maryland]] |date=November 18, 2009 |accessdate=June 4, 2011}}</ref>


<ref name=grin>{{GRIN | access-date=June 4, 2011}}</ref>
⚫
<ref name=Ploe07>{{cite book |last=Ploetz |first=R.C. |last2=Kepler |first2=A.K. |last3=Daniells |first3=J. |last4=Nelson |first4=S.C. |year=2007 |chapter=Banana and Plantain: An Overview with Emphasis on Pacific Island Cultivars |editor-last=Elevitch |editor-first=C.R<!--.--> |title=Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry |publication-place=Hōlualoa, Hawai'i |publisher=Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR) |url=http://agroforestry.net/tti/Banana-plantain-overview.pdf |accessdate=January 10, 2013 |lastauthoramp=yes }}</ref>


<ref name=HakkVareChri12>{{Cite journal |last1=Häkkinen |first1=M. |last2=Väre |first2=H. |last3=Christenhusz |first3=M.J.M. |year=2012 |title=Identity of a ''Pisang'' – historical concepts of ''Musa'' (Musaceae) and the reinstatement of ''Musa troglodytarum'' |journal=Folia Malaysiana |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=1–14 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
⚫
<ref name=trop1>&nbsp;''Musa coccinea'' was originally described and published in ''Botanist's Repository, for new, and rare plants.'' 1: , pl. 47. 1799. {{ cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/21500433 |title=Name - !''Musa coccinea'' Andrews |work=Tropicos |publisher=[[Missouri Botanical Garden]] |location=[[Saint Louis, Missouri]] |quote=Type-Protologue: Locality: Thomas Evans received it about the year 1792, from China. Our figure was taken, in part, from a plant which flowered at James Vere’s, last December [''[[sic]]''], and partly from one in blossom about the same time, at the Hon. Lady Archer’s |accessdate=June 4, 2011}}</ref>


⚫
<ref name=Ploe07>{{cite book |last1=Ploetz |first1=R.C. |last2=Kepler |first2=A.K. |last3=Daniells |first3=J. |last4=Nelson |first4=S.C. |year=2007 |chapter=Banana and Plantain: An Overview with Emphasis on Pacific Island Cultivars |editor-last=Elevitch |editor-first=C.R<!--.--> |title=Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry |location=Hōlualoa, Hawaii |publisher=Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR) |url=http://agroforestry.net/tti/Banana-plantain-overview.pdf |access-date=January 10, 2013 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
⚫
<ref name="WCSP_254796">{{Citation |contribution=''Musa coccinea''|title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=254796 |accessdate=2013-01-24}}</ref>


⚫
<ref name=trop1>&nbsp;''Musa coccinea'' was originally described and published in ''Botanist's Repository, for new, and rare plants.'' 1: , pl. 47. 1799. {{ cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/21500433 |title=Name - !''Musa coccinea'' Andrews |work=Tropicos |publisher=[[Missouri Botanical Garden]] |location=[[Saint Louis, Missouri]] |quote=Type-Protologue: Locality: Thomas Evans received it about the year 1792, from China. Our figure was taken, in part, from a plant which flowered at James Vere’s, last December, and partly from one in blossom about the same time, at the Hon. Lady Archer’s |access-date=June 4, 2011}}</ref>
⚫
<ref name=Wong02>{{cite journal |last=Wong |first=C. |last2=Kiew |first2=R. |last3=Argent |first3=G. |last4=Set |first4=O. |last5=Lee |first5=S.K. |last6=Gan |first6=Y.Y. |year=2002 |title=Assessment of the Validity of the Sections in ''Musa'' (Musaceae) using ALFP |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=90 |issue=2 |pages=231–238 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcf170 |lastauthoramp=yes }}</ref>

⚫
<ref name="WCSP_254796">{{Citation |contribution=Musa coccinea|title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=254796 |access-date=2013-01-24}}</ref>

⚫
<ref name=Wong02>{{cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=C. |last2=Kiew |first2=R. |last3=Argent |first3=G. |last4=Set |first4=O. |last5=Lee |first5=S.K. |last6=Gan |first6=Y.Y. |year=2002 |title=Assessment of the Validity of the Sections in ''Musa'' (Musaceae) using ALFP |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=90 |issue=2 |pages=231–238 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcf170 |name-list-style=amp |pmc=4240415 |pmid=12197520}}</ref>


}}
}}
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*[http://www.plantsystematics.org/users/kcn2/7_14_04/Zingiber1_up/Musa_cocc1.jpg Scarlet banana in flower]
*[http://www.plantsystematics.org/users/kcn2/7_14_04/Zingiber1_up/Musa_cocc1.jpg Scarlet banana in flower]
*[http://www.plantsystematics.org/users/kcn2/7_14_04/Zingiber1_up/Musa_cocc2.jpg Closer view of inflorescences]
*[http://www.plantsystematics.org/users/kcn2/7_14_04/Zingiber1_up/Musa_cocc2.jpg Closer view of inflorescences]

{{Wikispecies}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2340657}}


[[Category:Musa (genus)|coccinea]]
[[Category:Musa (genus)|coccinea]]
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[[Category:Flora of China]]
[[Category:Flora of China]]
[[Category:Flora of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Flora of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Plants and pollinators]]
[[Category:Garden plants]]
[[Category:Garden plants]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Henry Cranke Andrews]]

Revision as of 18:39, 14 October 2022

Scarlet banana
Illustration of inflorescence
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Musaceae
Genus: Musa
Section: Musa sect. Callimusa
Species:
M. coccinea
Binomial name
Musa coccinea
Synonyms[3]

Quesnelia lamarckii Baker

Musa coccinea, commonly known as scarlet banana[4] or red-flowering banana,[5] is a species of flowering plant in the banana and plantain family Musaceae, native to tropical China (in Guangdong, Guangxi, and southeastern Yunnan) and Vietnam.[4] It is a bat-pollinated[6] evergreen perennial, placed in section Callimusa (now including the former section Australimusa), having a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 20.[7]

The flower cluster is more rounded than in the related species M. beccarii. It is made up of erect spirals of red bracts which enclose tubular yellow flowers. The inedible fruits are orange, only about 2 cm (0.8 in) long, and contain seeds.[8] The species is cultivated for its ornamental value,[4] being grown, for example, along with heliconias in commercial farms in Hawaii.[8] It does not tolerate temperatures below 10 °C (50 °F), so in temperate zones requires protection during the winter months. In the UK it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.[9][10]

M. coccinea is a known host in the New World of the red palm mite (Raoiella indica).[5]

Taxonomy

Flower

Musa coccinea was described by Andrews in 1799. M. uranoscopos Lour. (an illegitimate name) is often incorrectly given as a synonym. Loureiro's 1790 account is confused. He refers to an illustration in Rumphius' 1747 Herbarium Amboinense, hence this is the type of his name. However, this illustration had previously been used in Linnaeus' description of M. troglodytarum, so M. uranoscopos Lour. is a superfluous name for M. troglodytarum. Loureiro's description is of M. coccinea; however the type rather than the description determines the synonymity, so M. uranoscopos Lour. is not a synonym of M. coccinea.[11]

References

  1. ^ Allen, R. & Plummer, J. (2020). "Musa coccinea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T111907070A111907072. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  2. ^  Musa coccinea was originally described and published in Botanist's Repository, for new, and rare plants. 1: , pl. 47. 1799. "Name - !Musa coccinea Andrews". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved June 4, 2011. Type-Protologue: Locality: Thomas Evans received it about the year 1792, from China. Our figure was taken, in part, from a plant which flowered at James Vere's, last December, and partly from one in blossom about the same time, at the Hon. Lady Archer's
  3. ^ "Musa coccinea", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2013-01-24
  4. ^ a b c "Musa coccinea". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved June 4, 2011.
  5. ^ a b Cal Welbourn (May 1, 2009). "Pest Alert for Red palm mite Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)". Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. Archived from the original on December 2, 2010. Retrieved June 4, 2011.
  6. ^ Theodore H. Fleming; Cullen Geiselman & W. John Kress (November 2009). "The evolution of bat pollination: a phylogenetic perspective". Annals of Botany. 104 (6). Oxford University Press: 1017–1043. doi:10.1093/aob/mcp197. PMC 2766192. PMID 19789175.
  7. ^ Wong, C.; Kiew, R.; Argent, G.; Set, O.; Lee, S.K. & Gan, Y.Y. (2002). "Assessment of the Validity of the Sections in Musa (Musaceae) using ALFP". Annals of Botany. 90 (2): 231–238. doi:10.1093/aob/mcf170. PMC 4240415. PMID 12197520.
  8. ^ a b Ploetz, R.C.; Kepler, A.K.; Daniells, J. & Nelson, S.C. (2007). "Banana and Plantain: An Overview with Emphasis on Pacific Island Cultivars". In Elevitch, C.R (ed.). Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry (PDF). Hōlualoa, Hawaii: Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR). Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  9. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Musa coccinea". Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  10. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 65. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  11. ^ Häkkinen, M.; Väre, H. & Christenhusz, M.J.M. (2012). "Identity of a Pisang – historical concepts of Musa (Musaceae) and the reinstatement of Musa troglodytarum". Folia Malaysiana. 13 (2): 1–14.

External links

Pictures from PlantSystematics.Org
Wikispecies has information related to Musa coccinea.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Musa_coccinea&oldid=1116085208"