Georg Eberhard Rumpf

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Georg Eberhard Rumpf

Georg Eberhard Rumpf, also Georgius Everhardus Rumphius (born October 1627 in Wölfersheim , County of Solms-Greifenstein (today Wetteraukreis ), Hesse ; †  June 13, 1702 in Fort Victoria, Ambon Island , Moluccas , Netherlands Indies ), was a mercenary , Dutch officer and administrator, botanist , naturalist and explorer . Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Rumph. ". He lived in the so-called Golden Age , Dutch: "de Gouden Eeuw".

Life

Memorial plaque in Wölfersheim
Former Rumpfs house on the island of Ambon, 1910s

He was the son of the Solms-Greifenstein master builder Augustus Rumpf (* around 1591, "born from Spring in Braunschweiger," † April 8, 1666 in Hanau at the age of 75). The father was in the service of the city of Hanau from 1635 to 1666 , the mother Anna Elisabeth Keller († 1651) from Wölfersheim. His grandfather was the Solms-Braunfels bailiff Karl Keller, who resided in Wölfersheim.

August Rumpf had lived with his wife in Wölfersheim since August 13, 1625. In a letter dated August 19, 1627, he asked Count Wilhelm I zu Solms-Greifenstein to temporarily release him from business trips. "Please deroent your grace very much underthenig imbs sake of God, they wanted to have mercy not only on my housewives but on my housewives and their wombs to whose confinement she no longer has for 7 or 8 weeks." Accordingly, Georg Eberhard Rumpf is probably in October 1627 born. Georg Eberhard Rumpf grew up in a strictly reformed community .

The mother had relatives in Middelburg , province of Zeeland , in the Netherlands a . a. Johann Wilhelm Keller (1638–1698), who was later ennobled. Rumphius named him in a report: “My nephew, the Herr Baron Keller.” Finally, Johann Wilhelm von Keller even became ambassador in Moscow.

When his father entered the service of the Counts of Hanau-Münzenberg in 1635, Georg Eberhard attended the High State School in Hanau until 1645. Augustus Rumpf succeeded his brother Joachim in Hanau , who had worked there on the city ​​fortifications of Hanau . Rumphius' brother, Johann Conrad Rumpf, née. 1639, 1661 arkebusiert because he had stabbed a "scriptor" for no reason. The sister Anna Catharina was born in Hanau in 1641. During this time Augustus Rumpf created two copper engravings by Braunfels and Greifenstein for Matthias Merian , which he delivered in 1646. Half a century later, Merian's daughter Maria Sibylla made pictures for the "Amboinische Raritaetenkamer" by Georg Eberhard Rumphius.

Soldier of the Dutch West India Company

In 1645 Rumpf traveled with Count Ernst Casimir to his brother Ludwig von Solms-Greifenstein in Holland. There, at the age of 18, he was enlisted by Count Ernst Casimir and his brother Ludwig von Solms-Greifenstein as a soldier for the Republic of Venice for the fight of Doge Francesco Erizzo against the Turks in Crete.

On the ship Swarte Raaf , the soldiers learned that they were signed up for the Dutch West India Company (WIC) and were on their way to Pernambuco in Dutch Brazil . For reasons unknown today, the ship never reached its destination. The Dutch soldiers stayed in Portugal from 1645 to 1648. During Rumphius' stay there was an armistice in the Dutch-Portuguese War . Rumphius was already doing scientific studies in Portugal. In a letter to Andreas Cleyer on August 18, 1682, he wrote, for example, B., "that I have seen the right Sium in Portugal grow / and always on damp, watery places." He knows of its value for the Portuguese that "every place / since it is green / has its own owner / [... ] how, as soldiers, we wanted to cut the same off with salad and mues / disregard the sling stones / which we often got on our heads. ”He wrote an autobiographical poem in Latin that covered his life up to his departure from Portugal: Georgii Everhardii Rumphii. Peregrinatio sive iter in Brasilia ("Peregrinatio or the way to Brazil"). It is believed that he returned to Hessen in 1648.

In 1649/50 he and his father worked as a construction clerk in the service of Count Johann (Nassau-Idstein) . For religious reasons, he left Idstein in the dispute. He “couldn't stand preaching against the Calvinists.” At this time, the family also seems to have planned a return to Wölfersheim. In 1650 there was a dispute between the “Nepotes and Enckeln” of Karl Keller over the women's chairs in the Antonius Chapel in Wölfersheim. August Rumpf wanted to build a church chair of the same size for his wife as his sisters-in-law, "the Dutch women", owned. But the pastor decided: "Rump may bawen at Hainaw's chair, and seek justice, not at Willfersheim."

In the service of the VOC

In 1652 he joined the Dutch East India Company (VOC) as an officer candidate, Adelborst (sea cadet ). His ship “Muijden” left the island of Texel on Christmas Day this year . The ship arrived in Batavia on Java in June 1653 . In the following years until 1657 he took part in military expeditions under Admiral Arnold de Vlamingh from Outshoorn on Sulawesi . In 1654 he was promoted to ensign and in 1656 to "Fabryk" (pioneer officer). He lived on the Moluccan island of Ambon (formerly: Amboina) since 1657. There he lived during his military service in Fort Amsterdam in Hila. After retiring from military service, he worked in the company's civil service, initially with the rank of second businessman in Hila. His son Paul August was born there. He worked as a draftsman and painter in the second half of the 17th century. He also wrote the famous portrait of his father: “P. Augustus Rumphius Filius Fecit Patrum. “Rumphius was last as consul of the Dutch deputy . During this time in the colonial administration he devoted himself to natural history expeditions and in 1681 finally received the nickname " Pliny Indicus " from the imperial Academia Naturae Curiosorum in Schweinfurt , today's German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina in Halle . In 1683 Rumphius published a scientific account of his life in the " Miscellanea Curiosa sive Ephemeridum Medico-Physicarum Academiae Naturae Curiosorum Decuriae II. 1682-1691."

In his work Amboinische Raritätenkammer he described tropical shellfish , mussels and minerals . But the work on his life's work Herbarium Amboinense was hindered several times by severe strokes of fate: in 1669/1670 he went blind from cataracts has since been called the "blind seer of Ambon", on February 17, 1674 he lost family members in an earthquake with a tsunami . He wrote a scientific report on the event in Dutch. His first wife Susanna, a local, and a young daughter died at that time. The report on the Schrickelijke Aerdbevinge is the only one of his works that was published during his lifetime.

After his blindness, Joan Maetsuycker sent him secretaries and draftsmen so that he could continue his work. Rumphius dictated from then on to the scribes in Dutch. On January 11, 1687, even his library burned down. But Rumpf did not allow himself to be discouraged and continued to work undeterred. His manuscripts were kept under lock and key by the directors of the United East India Company for decades and not released for publication. He repeatedly sent several chapters and illustrations to various recipients in the Netherlands. In 1692, the manuscript and the illustrations of the Herbarium Amboinense were lost on the sea route to Amsterdam , because the ship carrying them was sunk by the French fleet. However, texts and drawings had been copied in Batavia before shipping on behalf of Johannes Camphuys , so that the work could be reconstructed. Hendrik d'Aquet, Mayor of Delft , was asked to publish the manuscript which Rumphius had sent to him. It was only published posthumously from 1741 onwards. The Amsterdam professor of botany Johannes Burman translated the texts into Latin and published the six volumes of the “Herbarium” as a Latin-Dutch edition. After her return from Surinam, Maria Sibylla Merian created illustration panels for the first edition of the “Amboinsche Raritaet Kamer” from 1705. She used objects from Dutch collections as models, including drawings. Her drawings are now kept in the archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg . In 1702 she mentioned the commission in a letter to Johann Volkamer in Nuremberg. Merian showed the illustrations to the Frankfurt scholar Zacharias Konrad von Uffenbach on February 23, 1711 . The Amboinische Raritaetkamer appeared in print only posthumously from 1741. The Amsterdam professor of botany Johannes Burman translated the texts into Latin and published the six volumes of the “Herbarium” as a Latin-Dutch edition.

Rumphius died on June 17, 1702 in the Ambon and was buried in his garden.

Works

  • Amboin chamber of rarities or treatise on the stone-shelled animals which are called snails and mussels. Kraus, Vienna 1705, 1766.
  • De Generale Lant-Beschrijvinge van het Ambonese Gouvernement beheisende en wat daaronder begrepen zij, mitsgader een Summarisch verhaal van Ternataanse en Portugeese regeering en hoe Nederlanders first time daerin gecomen zijn owel De Ambonsche Lant-beschrijvinge. 1679. (Ed. By W. Buijze). The Hague 2001.
    • The Ambonese Curiosity Cabinet. Edited by EM Beekman. Yale Univ. Pr., New Haven Conn 1999. ISBN 0-300-07534-0 (English edition).
  • Herbarium Amboinense 12 vols. Ed. Johannes Burmannus. Amsterdam, The Hague, Utrecht 1741–1755.
  • Waerachtling Verhael, Van de Schrickelijke Aerdbevinge / Nu onlanghs eenigen tyd herwaerts, ende voornaementlijck op the February 17th of January 1674, voorgevallen, in, en ontrent de Eylanden van Ambonia, Mitsgaders Ongehoorde Watervloeden, droeverlijdencke, by-wonderlijdencke, en ., daer op gevolght, gelijck sulx in het Dagh-Register van dien, neerstigh en omstantisgh aengeteyckent staet, en omstantigh aengeteyckent staet, en uytgetrocken is, Als mede Autentyque Extracten von Brieven over het selve. Everything with the last Schip de Vrije-Zee reports is well known. Printed by Copye van Batavia In't Jaer Onses Heeren, 1675. Heruitgave en Transcriptie W. Buijze, 1997. Edition in Dutch, English and Indonesian.

Honors

In 1681 he became a member of the Leopoldina . In 1824 the governor general Godert van der Capellen had a memorial erected in the garden of Rumpf in Ambon, which was destroyed in the Second World War. In 1996 a copy of the monument was inaugurated on April 22nd. The plant genus Rumphia L. was named in his honor.

literature

  • Ernst Wunschmann:  Rumpf, Georg Eberhard . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 29, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, pp. 663-667.
  • Brigitte Hoppe:  Rumpf, Georg Eberhard. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 253 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • George Sarton : Rumphius, Pliny Indicus (1628–1702) . in: Isis. Chicago 27.1937, No. 2 (Aug.), pp. 242-257. ISSN  0021-1753
  • August Wilhelm Eduard Theodor Henschel : Vita CE Rumphii, Plinii indici: accedunt specimen materiae Rumphianae medicae clavisque herbarii et thesauri Amboinensis . Schulz, Vratislaviae 1833.
  • Fritz Schulze: "Of people and trees" - Rumphius and tropical botany using the example of the coconut palm . In: Rudolstädter Naturhistorische Schriften. Supplement. Contributions to the cultural and natural history of Indonesia. Rudolstadt 3.1999, pp. 83-98. ISSN  0949-8702
  • Fritz Schulze: Georgius Everhardus Rumphius (1628–1702) and the scientific network of his time . In: Rudolstädter Naturhistorische Schriften. Rudolstadt 12.2004, pp. 3-15. ISSN  0863-0844
  • M. Greshoff (Ed.): Rumphius Gedenkboek 1702–1902 . Haarlem 1902.
  • W. Buijze: Rumphius Reis naar Portugal. 1645-1648. Een Onderzoek dorr W. Buijze. The Hague 2002.
  • Rumphius memorial book . 1702 - 1902. (Ed.) Haarlem Colonial Museum . 1902
  • Karl Siebert: Hanauer biographies from three centuries. Hanauer Geschichtsverein , Hanau 1919 (= Hanauer Geschichtsblätter NF 3/4 ), pp. 168–171.
  • Maria-Theresia Leuker, Esther Helena Arens, Charlotte Kießling: Rumphius' Naturkunde: Circulation in colonial spaces of knowledge . Wiesbaden 2020. ISBN 978-3-447-11358-8

Web links

Commons : Georg Eberhard Rumpf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cyclopedia.de ( Memento of the original from July 20, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cyclopaedia.de
  2. ↑ W. Buijze, Leven factory en Georg Everhard Rumphius. Biographical notities by W. Buijze. The Hague, 2006, p. 1.
  3. ↑ W. Buijze, Leven en werk Rumphius, p.1.
  4. ^ De Generale Lant-Beschrijvinge van het Ambonese Gouvernement beheisende en wat daaronder begrepen zij, mitsgader een Summarisch verhaal van Ternataanse en Portugeese regeering en hoe Nederlanders eerstmaal daerin gecomen zijn owel De Ambonsche Lant-beschrijvinge. 167. (Ed. By W. Buijze). The Hague 2001, p. XIII.
  5. ↑ Gerhard Steinl, Augustus Rumpf and the Hungener fortress report from 1660. in: Udo Schwab, Gerhard Steinl, ed., Historisches aus dem Hungener Land. On the 650th anniversary of the town elevation on April 20, 2011, Rockenberg 2011, p. 69 ff.
  6. ↑ Ambonsche Lant-beschrijvinge. 1679. S. XIII.
  7. ^ Arno W. Fitzler, biography of Count Ernst Casimir zu Solms-Greifenstein (1620–1648). Braunfels 1997.
  8. ^ Arno W. Fitzler, Count Ernst Casimir. Braunfels 1998.
  9. ↑ W. Buijze: Rumphius Reis naar Portugal. 1645-1648. Een Onderzoek. The Hague 2002.
  10. ↑ Greshoff: Rumphius Gedenkboek 1702-1902, p. 180. quoted. after W. Buijze, Rumphius Reis, p. 117.
  11. ↑ printed in: W. Buijze, Rumphius Reis, pp. 70–77 with translation into Dutch. It was taken from Georg Everhard Rumphius, Ambinisch Kruid-boek / Herbarium Amboinense, ed. in six volumes with an auctuarium by Johannes Burmannus. Amsterdam, The Hague, Utrecht 1741–1755.
  12. ↑ Christel Lentz, Georgius Everhard Rumphius. The amazing career of the Idstein construction slice. In: Rheingau-Taunus-Heimatbrief, 4 (1990), No. 6.
  13. ↑ Christel Lentz, With a sermon everything got rolling ... in: Idsteiner Zeitung of December 19, 20 and 21, 1990.
  14. ↑ cit. after W. Buijze, leven en werk Rumphius, p. 36.
  15. ↑ Eugen Riess. 250 years ev.-ref. Church of Wölfersheim. Wölfersheim 1991, p. 64.
  16. ↑ Ambonsche Lant-beschrijvinge. 1679. S. XXI.
  17. ↑ Georg Everhard Rumphius: Waerachtling Verhael, Van de Schrickelijke Aerdbevinge / Nu onlanghs eenigen tyd herwaerts, end voornaementlijck on February 17th of January 1674, voorgevallen, In, en ontrent de Eylanden van Ambonia, Mitsgaders Ongehoorde ongehoorde onjgel, en Watervloeden, by-sonderherden, & c., daer op gevolght, gelijck sulx in het Dagh-Register van dien, neerstigh en omstantisgh aengeteyckent staet, en omstantigh aengeteyckent staet, en uytgetrocken is, als mede Autentyque Extracten von Brieven over het selve. Everything with the last Schip de Vrije-Zee reports is well known. Printed by Copye van Batavia In't Jaer Onses Heeren, 1675. Heruitgave en Transcriptie W. Buijze, 1997, in Dutch, English and Indonesian. W. Buijze, Introduction. Foreword to Engl. Translation, p. 46 f. The contents of the forewords to the Dutch and English editions differ significantly.
  18. ↑ Georg Everhard Rumphius: Waerachtling Verhael, Van de Schrickelijke Aerdbevinge.
  19. ↑ W. Buijze, Introduction. in: Georg Everhard Rumphius: Waerachtling Verhael, Van de Schrickelijke Aerdbevinge. P. 46 .
  20. ↑ Maria Sibylla Merian. 1647-1717. Artist and naturalist. Edited by Kurt Wettengel. Catalog for the exhibition of the Historisches Museum Ffm from December 18, 1997 to March 1, 1998. Ffm 1997, p. 251 ff, here p. 251.
  21. ^ Maria Sibylla Merian, catalog. P. 264.
  22. ↑ Maria Sibylla Merian. Catalog, p. 251.
  23. ^ List of members Leopoldina, Georg Eberhard Rumph
  24. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Rumpf, Georg Eberhard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rumphius, Georgius Everhardus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Dutch businessman, botanist, naturalist and explorer
DATE OF BIRTH October 1627
PLACE OF BIRTH Wölfersheim , County of Solms (today Wetteraukreis ), Hesse
DATE OF DEATH June 13, 1702
Place of death Victoria Castle , Ambon (Island) , Moluccas , Dutch East Indies