Change category
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The change categories are four categories into which stylistic devices are usually divided in ancient rhetoric . These include:
- figurae per adiectionem
- figurae per detractionem
- figurae per transmutationem
- figurae per immutation
The theory is based on an underlying 'simple' or 'direct' expression, the verbum proprium (actual word), which is changed in one of the four forms.
Figurae per adiectionem
(by adding)
These figures expand the linguistic expression or meaning by adding more words / contexts or repeating the same word.
The following stylistic devices fall into this category:
- Adynaton
- accumulation
- Anadiplosis
- Anaphor
- anthropomorphism
- Correctio
- Enumeration
- Epanalepsis
- Epipher
- Epiphrase
- epithet
- Geminatio
- Hendiadyoin
- Interjection
- Compound nouns
- Kyklos
- Paraphrase
- parenthesis
- Pleonasm
- Polyptoton
- Praeteritio
- redundancy
- Repetition
- Symploke
- tautology
- reification
- comparison
Figurae per detractionem
(by omission)
These stylistic devices shorten the term by leaving out parts of sentences, words or contexts.
The following stylistic devices fall into this category:
Figurae per transmutationem
(by interchanging)
These figures change the linguistic, syntactic, logical or temporal sequence of the expression.
The following stylistic devices fall into this category:
- anachronism
- Anastrophe
- Twisted letters
- Chiasmus
- Epanodos
- Hypall position
- Hyperbaton
- Hysteron proteron
- inversion
Figurae per immutation
(by substitution)
These stylistic devices replace the linguistic expression with another, often more pictorial, or parts of a word with another.
The following stylistic devices fall into this category: