Île d'Hœdic
| Île d'Hœdic | ||
|---|---|---|
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| Waters | Atlantic Ocean | |
| Archipelago | Breton Islands | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 20 '23 " N , 2 ° 52' 40" W | |
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| length | 3 km | |
| width | 1 km | |
| surface | 2.08 km² | |
| Highest elevation | 22 m | |
| Residents | approx. 120 58 inhabitants / km² |
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| main place | Hœdic | |
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The Île d'Hœdic is a small granite island in the Bay of Biscay , south of Brittany , and administratively belongs to the Morbihan department . It is located around 25 kilometers southeast of Quiberon , 18 kilometers south of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys and 28 kilometers west of La Turballe . The closest islands are Île d'Houat (8 km northwest) and Belle-Île (20 km west).
nature
The island is about 3.0 km long and between 0.7 and 1.0 km wide. It has a surface of 208 hectares, the highest point is 22 m above sea level. Hœdic was once connected to the mainland by the Rhuys Peninsula , along with the Île d'Houat, Belle-Île and the sand island of Quiberon.
The island forms the municipality of Hœdic , the only settlement on the island. The small island group of Les Grands Cardinaux with the Phare des Grands Cardinaux is also part of the municipality . The two most important ports on the island are Port Argol in the north and Port de la Croix in the south.
prehistory
In 1931 and 1934, a heap of mussels from the late Mesolithic was excavated from Saint-Just Péquart . It rests on a small spur on the northwest tip of the island. The shell heap also contained hearths made of stone slabs. A radiocarbon sample from a hearth at the bottom of the clam pile was determined to be 6575 + 350 bp, which is a calibrated date of 5500-5110 BC. Chr. Results. Nine graves of 14 individuals were also found in the clam pile.
Dolmens and menhirs date from the Neolithic Age .
Megalithic systems
On the island are:
- Dolmen du Beg Lagad
- Dolmen de la Croix
- Dolmen de Port-Louit
- Dolmen du Télégraphe
- Dolmen du Vieux-Chateau
- Menhir de la Vierge
- Alignement du Douet
- Alignement de Paluden
The dolmen were examined in 1924 by the Rouzic / Péquart team and photographed by Pierre Buttin. However, some knowledge of their situation was lost. The Port-Louit dolmen, near the west coast, was identified by Abbot Lavenot in the late 19th century.
history
Completely abandoned by the Vikings , the Duke of Brittany left the island and other lands to the monastery of Saint-Gildas-en-Rhuys in the 11th century . The monks settled some farming families from the mainland on the island, who existed here from agriculture, cattle breeding and fishing under poor conditions.
The island was important for coastal protection , and so at the end of the 17th century Vauban built several cannon towers that, in conjunction with military installations on the Île d'Houat and with the citadel on the Belle-Île, were supposed to form a security ring. However, this was destroyed by the British in 1746. During the Seven Years' War , the Duke of Aiguillon began building a new fortification in the northeast of the island in 1758, the ruins of which are now known as Fort Anglais . During the decisive naval battle in the Bay of Quiberon , the structure was not yet operational and was finally destroyed by the British in 1795. In the middle of the 19th century, Fort Louis-Philippe was built in the middle of the island plateau , which was never involved in an act of war and still exists today.
Until 1891 the island was administered from the mainland; then the independent municipality of Hœdic was founded, which has been responsible for the island ever since.
Attractions
- Fort Louis-Philippe , fortifications from the 19th century - Monument historique
- Phare des Grands Cardinaux , lighthouse from the 19th century - Monument historique
Web links
Dolmen de la Croix and Menhir de la Vierge in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- Aerial photos of Houat and Hœdic (choose Hœdic!)
- Official website of the municipality of Hœdic (French)
- The Dolmen du Telegraphe
literature
- Marthe Péquart, Saint-Just Péquart: La nécropole mésolithique de l'Île d'Hoëdic. In: L'Anthropologie. Vol. 44, No. 1-2, 1934, ISSN 0003-5521 , pp. 1-20.
- Jean-Marc Large: Deux dolmens de l'île d'Hoedic (Morbihan): redécouvertes et surprises. In: Revue archéologique de l'ouest. Vol. 21, No. 1, 2004, ISSN 0767-709X , pp. 35-54 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gif-227
- ↑ Rick J. Schulting: Antlers, bone pins and flint blades: the Mesolithic cemeteries of Téviec and Hoëdic, Brittany. In: Antiquity. Vol. 70, No. 268, 1996, ISSN 0003-598X , pp. 335-350, here p. 335, doi : 10.1017 / S0003598X00083319 .
- ↑ Rick J. Schulting: Antlers, bone pins and flint blades: the Mesolithic cemeteries of Téviec and Hoëdic, Brittany. In: Antiquity. Vol. 70, No. 268, 1996, ISSN 0003-598X , pp. 335-350, here p. 337, doi : 10.1017 / S0003598X00083319 .
- ↑ Fort Louis-Philippe in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ↑ Phare des Grands Cardinaux in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)