Întreprinderea Aeronautică Română

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Întreprinderea Aeronautică Română ( IAR abbreviation ), often also called Industria Aeronautică Română , is a company in the Romanian aviation industry . It was founded as a state-subsidized company in the 1920s, nationalized at the beginning of the Second World War , and is now a private joint-stock company again under the name SC IAR SA .

history

It was founded on November 1, 1925 in Brașov with the participation of the French companies Blériot - Deperdussin and Lorraine-Dietrich . In the first few years, only French models and the associated engines were built under license. The first own model was the IAR CV11 from 1930, designed by Elie Carafoli and Virmoux, but it was not built in series. The first own series model built from 1933 was the IAR-14 . In the 1930s the Polish P-11 and P-24 fighters were produced under license . In 1936 IAR developed the first Romanian aircraft engine, the K-9. In 1939, the French shareholders sold their shares to the Romanian government and IAR was nationalized on January 1st.

The IAR systems at Brașov-Ghimbav Airport

Between 1925 and 1944, around 20 aircraft types were developed, with the designs of the development team Ion Grosu, Ion Cosereanu and Gheorghe Zolta, who worked for IAR from 1933, among the most successful. The reconnaissance aircraft IAR-39 as well as the hunter types IAR-14, IAR-80 and IAR-81 , for example, date from this period .

From October 1940 to 1944, due to a lack of suitable types from its own development, IAR concentrated on the production of German license models, such as the Bf 109 , for the Romanian Air Force . During this period the number of employees grew to around 8,000. In 1944, large parts of the plant were destroyed by Allied bombing raids. By then, around 1,000 aircraft and 2,000 engines had been produced since the IAR was founded.

After the end of World War II and the fall of the Antonescu dictatorship , the production facilities were converted into tractor construction, from which Uzina Tractorul Brașov emerged . Only a small development department headed by Radu Manicatide continued to deal with aircraft construction from 1946. The first post-war development was the sports aircraft IAR-811 from 1949. In 1950 the plant in Brașov was closed due to economic bottlenecks, but reopened a year later as aircraft repair plant 3 (URMV-3, Uzinele de Reparatii Material Volant), with two repair yards in Bucharest -Pipera (ARMV-2, Atelierele de Reparatii Material Volan) and Mediasch (ARMV-1) were added. The first production model was the IAR-813 from 1953.

In the 1950s, under the direction of Iosif Silimon, the development of gliders began in Brașov , of which the IS-3 and the IS-29 are the most famous. In 1968 the work was named ICA (Întreprinderea de Construcţii Aeronautice). In 1956, the main plant for engine aircraft construction was the Bucharest plant, which initially operated as CTiA, from 1959 as ICRMA and later as IRMA (Întreprinderea de Reparatii Material Aeronautic). From IRMA, IAvB (Întreprinderea de Avioane Bukurești) emerged in 1978 and finally Romaero in 1990. An ambitious project to develop the domestic IAR-95 fighter aircraft was canceled due to financial constraints in the late 1980s.

On the basis of a license agreement with the British Britten-Norman group, the production of 200 BN-2 Islander machines began in 1969 . In 1978 a further contract was signed for the production of 22 British Aerospace One-Eleven commercial aircraft (series 475 and 500), but only nine aircraft were actually produced.

Other models produced under license were the French helicopters Aérospatiale SA-319 Alouette III (as IAR-316B) and Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma (as IAR-330) as well as the Soviet Kamow Ka-126 . Together with the Yugoslav company Soko , the IAR-93 fighter-bomber was created, which is used in Yugoslavia as the Soko J-22 Orao . The jet trainer IAR-99 appeared in 1985 and is in service with the Romanian Air Force.

In 1996 Bell Helicopters acquired a 51% stake in IAR SA. At the same time, a contract for the license production of 96 Bell AH-1W Super Cobra attack helicopters for the Romanian armed forces with a value of 1 billion US dollars was concluded.

Most recently, the activity of IAR SA has been based primarily on the maintenance and modernization of the Romanian Aérospatiale SA-319 Alouette and Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma . The company has also recently entered the global market and is present in the markets of Israel , Pakistan and the UAE according to the 2006 annual report .

The license construction of the Airbus H215M stands or falls with a procurement for the armed forces of Romania.

Own constructions (selection)

Four IAR-80 fighters in flight

Types built under license (selection)

IAR-316B, license of the Alouette III

literature

  • Ulrich Langer: The aircraft industry of the Socialist Republic of Romania . In: Flieger-Jahrbuch 1982 . Transpress, Berlin 1981, license number 162-925 / 153/82, p. 75-87 .

Web links

Commons : IAR Brașov  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ New York Times (ed.): Bell to Buy Romanian Helicopter Maker . September 3, 1996 ( nytimes.com [accessed June 11, 2010]).
  2. ↑ RAPORT ANUAL conform Regulamentului CNVM no. 1/2006 pentru exercitiul financiar 2006. (No longer available online.) SC IAR SA BRASOV, archived from the original on October 1, 2009 ; Retrieved June 11, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.iar.ro
  3. ↑ Airbus, IAR Ghimbav sign 15-year collaboration contract for the H215M helicopter, Romania Journal, November 7, 2018