Ōbaku-shū
The ōbaku ( jap. 黄檗宗 ., Dt as "school of Obaku ") is the third historically and the size of the supporters of the surviving Japanese schools of Zen - Buddhism . There are also the directions Sōtō-shū and Rinzai-shū .
history
The Ōbaku-shū was founded in 1654 during the Edo period by the Chinese monk Yinyuan Longqi and his disciple Mu-an , both of whom are the Chinese Linji zong ( Chinese 臨濟 宗 , Pinyin Línjì zōng , W.-G. Lin-chi tsung ) belonged to the Chan tradition. After Yinyuan stayed for some time in Kōfuku-ji in Nagasaki , he was allowed by the government in 1661 to restore a temple of the branch school Genjū-ha ( 幻 住 派 ) of the Rinzai-shū in Uji near Kyōto . This later became the main temple of the Ōbaku-shū: the Mampuku-ji , a replica of Wànfúsì (a temple on Mount Ōbaku (Chinese: Huangbo) in China) written with the same Kanji .
Muyan succeeded his master as high priest at Mampuku-ji in 1664. Seven years later he founded the Zuishō-ji ( 瑞 聖 寺 ) in Shirokane, a district of Edo , an important center for the dissemination of Zen teachings in the Kantō region during the Edo period. More branch temples followed. The diebaku-shū currently claims that around 500 temples are part of their tradition.
Yinyuan's intention was to bring contemporary Chinese Chan training to Japan during the Ming Dynasty in order to renew the Japanese Zen, which was introduced by Eisai and Dōgen in the 13th century in Kamakura and which many believe to be in was in decline in the 17th century Tokugawa period . It is not entirely by chance that he also uses Huangbo (Japanese Ōbaku), Linji's teacher and thus ancestor of Linji zong (Japanese Rinzai-shū ), when giving his name.
The political intentions of the Shogunate in promoting the Ōbaku-shū to revitalize the mostly only aesthetic activities of the Rinzai-shū did not meet with unanimous approval. The school was not officially recognized as an independent school until 1876 , after the demise of the shogunate .
Teaching
Although based on Chinese roots, which are particularly close to the origins of Zen, the Ōbaku doctrine, like the Post- Song -Chan, is syncretistic and integrates the practice of Nembutsu from Amitabha Buddhism as well as mantra and Dhāraṇī from Tantric Buddhism . This as well as the emphasis on Chinese (the masters of the main temple were Chinese until the 18th century, the temple itself was a center of Chinese culture in Japan) were the main characteristics of the Ōbaku-shū and both the reason for the fascination it emanated from interested Japanese as well as for sharp criticism from the Rinzai and also the Sōtō-shū .
literature
- Helen Baroni: Obaku Zen. The Emergence of the Third Sect of Zen in Tokugawa Japan . University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu 2000, ISBN 0-8248-2195-5
- Helen Baroni. Bottled Anger: Episodes in Ōbaku Conflict in the Tokugawa Period ( Memento from August 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 21 / 2-3, 191-210, 1994
- Helen Baroni. Iron Eyes: The Life and Teachings of the Ōbaku Zen master Tetsugen Dōko. State University of New York Press 2006. ISBN 0-7914-6891-7 .
- James Baskind. The Nianfo in Obaku Zen: A Look at the Teachings of the Three Founding Masters ( Memento of March 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Japanese Religions 33 (1-2), 19-34, 2008
- Daigan Lee Matsunaga and Alicia Orloff Matsunaga: Foundation of Japanese Buddhism; Vol. II; The mass movement (Kamakura & Muromachi periods) . Buddhist Books International, Los Angeles and Tokyo 1976, ISBN 0-914910-27-2
- Dieter Schwaller: Impure Zen? Two texts by the Ōbaku monk Chōon Dōkai (1628–1695). Peter Lang, Bern [a. a.] 1996, [Swiss Asian Studies / Monographs, 20], ISBN 3-906755-68-1