Abdul Jalil Shah IV

Abdul Jalil Shah IV. (Full title: Paduka Sri Sultan 'Abdu'l Jalil IV Ri'ayat Shah Zillu'llah fi al-'Alam bin Dato' Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Habib Abdul Majid , Arabic عبد الجاليل رعاية شاه; died November 21, 1721 ) was Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Johor and Pahang and their outskirts. He ruled from 1699 to 1718.

He was the eldest son of Bendahara (Grand Vizier) Tun Habib Abdul Majid , who originally followed his father as Bendahara of Johor in 1697. After the death of Mahmud Shah II , who died in 1699 without an heir, Abdul Jalil was proclaimed sultan.

Foundation of the Bendahara dynasty

After the death of Ibrahim Shah in 1685, his ten-year-old son, Mahmud Shah II, came to the throne and the affairs of state remained with the Bendahara Tun Habib Abdul Majid. Mahmud Shah became notorious for his whims and Johor slowly sank into chaos. This instability peaked in 1697 with the death of Tun Habib. His son, Tun Abdul Jalil, inherited the office and was able to provide stability for a short time, but Johor ended in an open uprising when Mahmud Shah was murdered by a local chief, Megat Seri Rama , in 1699 , whose pregnant wife was executed on the orders of the Sultan had been. The assassination happened while the Sultan was on his way to Friday prayers in the mosque.

This ended the family line of the Sultanate of Malacca and a deep crisis arose because the regicide was a special act of high treason and a grave violation of the Malay worldview and beyond, because Mahmud Shah had no male heir.

In order to occupy the vacant throne, the nobility proclaimed Tun Abdul Jalil as sultan. The installation took place in Kota Tinggi on September 3, 1699. His accession to the throne did not receive the unreserved approval of all parties in Johor. Many questioned the sultan's legitimacy. As a deeply religious person, however, Abdul Jalil Shah increasingly neglected his government duties and spent more and more time with prayer and with his wife Che Nusamah from Aceh .

War in Selangor and the Bugis seize power

1715 looted Bugis from Selangor city Kedah . As Lord (Overlord) of Selangor, Johor claimed part of the booty. But while Malay custom would have claimed half the booty for the Lord, the Bugis custom gave the Lord only a tenth. To enforce his claim, Johor attacked Bugis fortresses in Selangor and Linggi . But although the armies of Johor outnumbered, the Bugis successfully repulsed the attack. In 1717 Johor withdrew his troops from Selangor.

The Bugis' refusal to bow to Johor's claims exposed the empire's growing weakness. In addition, several revolts grew out of opposition groups against Abdul Jalil. The riots made way for the rise of the Siak prince, Raja Kecil .

Raja Kecil

After Abdul Jalil's controversial succession to the throne, the inhabitants of the Minangkabau settlements in Rembau , Sungei Ujong and Naning , which had existed since the middle of the 15th century, began to question the authority of Johor. In 1717 Raja Kecil von Siak appeared on the scene. He claimed to be a posthumously born son of the murdered Mahmud Shah. Aided by the Minangkabau, he was greeted by many of Johor's subjects who hoped for a restoration of the Melaka dynasty.

Raja Kecil came to the Riau River with Minangkabau troops in 1718 and defeated the Johor fleet. Then he conquered the capital on the island of Riau and proclaimed himself ruler, taking the title Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah (r. 1718-1722).

death

However, after the victory of Raja Kecil, the deposed Abdul Jalil Shah was reinstated as the bendahara of the kingdom and lived in Kota Tinggi . In 1718 he retired to Terengganu and a year later to Pahang . On July 11, 1721 he established his new capital in Kuala Pahang . Then he started to regain his kingship with the support of nobles from Johor, Pahang and Kelantan. Now there were three centers of power in the Malay world (Dunia Melayu / Alam Melayu, Jawi : دنيا ملايو / عالم ملايو). Raja Kecil in Riau, Abdul Jalil Shah IV on the east coast of the peninsula and the Bugis in Selangor and Linggi. The Bugis won the power struggle, partly because Raja Kecil destroyed his own popularity by murdering Abdul Jalil Riayat Shah IV in Kuala Pahang while he was offering prayer on his ship. Abdul Jalil Riayat Shah IV died on November 21, 1721. He was buried in the royal cemetery in Kuala Pahang.

Raja Kecil was finally defeated in 1722 and the Bugis appointed Raja Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah , the son of Abdul Jalil Shah IV.

literature

• Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid: The Encyclopedia of Malaysia. Editions Didier Millet, 2011, vol. 16: The Rulers of Malaysia. ISBN 978-981-3018-54-9
• Christopher Buyers: Royal Ark , royalark.net 2009.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Buyers 2009: Johor - Genealogy of Bendahara dynasty .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid 2011: 70.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid 2011: 71.

predecessor	Office	successor
Mahmud II of Johor	Sultan of Johor 1699-1718	Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah