Disclosure legend

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Squidward hands Abgar the image of Christ ( mandylion ) (icon, St. Catherine's Monastery, Sinai)

As Abgarlegende the story of an exchange of letters between king Abgar V Ukkama (the Black) (. 4 BC -.. 7 AD and 13-50 AD...) Of Edessa and Jesus referred.

content

Abgar is said to have invited Jesus by letter when he was sick. Jesus praised the king as blessed ("blessed are you who believed in me without seeing me"). But he could not come and promised to send one of his disciples at a later date. After Ascension want then Apostle Thomas the Jude Thaddeus sent and this, have called in the Syrian tradition Apostles Addai, won the king and the city for the gospel. According to Eusebius of Caesarea , however, it was not Judas Thaddäus himself who was sent, but one of the seventy disciples , Thaddäus von Edessa .

Emergence

Eusebius of Caesarea claims to have found the two original letters in the Edessa archive and translated them from the Syriac. He refers to them in the city's archives. The content was included in his Church History (Book 1, Chapter 13). Eusebius also notes that the answer in the letter came from Jesus himself.

The verdict of the inauthenticity of the two letters handed down by Eusebius was pronounced in 494 by Pope Gelasius I without scientific justification. In his opinion, the whole story was the invention of an Edessen Christian who wanted to award his community a particularly old age; a view shared by most modern historians. The Abgar pictures , the oldest portraits of Christ, based on the portrait that, according to legend, Jesus himself is said to have sent his follower, King Abgar, belong to the Eastern Church (since the 4th century AD) and are from gloomy character, seem rigid and painful. The veil of Veronica was a kind of counterpart in the Latin Church .

Addai is the name of one of the most famous missionaries in Manichaeism . From this, a borrowing of the Christian Addai for the Abgar legend is assumed, which has its roots in the competition between Christianity and Manichaeism at the time. The first secured documentary Syrian mention of a picture of the living Christ, painted by the envoy Hannan, can be found at the end of the 4th century AD in the " Doctrina Addai " ( Doctrina Addai ). According to this, Hannan is said to have brought not only the message of Jesus but also a portrait to King Abgar, who then kept it in his palace. Two Greek forms of this legend are also found in the Squidward Acts . References can also be found in Moses von Choren's history of the Armenians from the middle of the 5th century. There are also several epigraphic testimonies to this legend. In the 6th century then reported Procopius of Caesarea , the text of the alleged Jesus letter was appropriate inscription over the gates of Edessa; it promised the city that it would never be forcibly conquered by barbarians. Interestingly enough, Prokopius himself notes that older authors would not mention this part of the letter ( Histories 2,12,22-30). Conversely, he doesn't seem to know anything about a picture.

The Catholic mystic Anna Katharina Emmerick , beatified in 2004, described in her visions the arrival of the envoy Abgar V with Jesus and how he wrote an answer. The making of a true image of Jesus is also mentioned.

reception

The legend of King Abgar and his correspondence with Jesus was very popular in the East and West in the Middle Ages.

literature