Westphalian dialects

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Westphalian

Spoken in

Westphalia , Lower Saxony , Netherlands
Linguistic
classification
Language codes
ISO 639-3

wep

The Westphalian dialects are a dialect group within Lower Saxony .

Internal division of the Westphalian

The Westphalian language area (in dark turquoise ) and its surroundings
Westphalian dialects within the continental West Germanic dialect continuum (1910)
Westphalian is usually divided into
1. East Westphalian,
2. South Westphalian,
3. Münsterland,
4. West Münsterland ,

depending on the definition, the following are added:
5. Achterhoeks,
10. Twents.
11. Grafschafter Platt,
12. Emsländer Platt,
13. Westerwolds.

Lower Saxon dialects of the Netherlands, which are not part of Westphalian:
6. Veluws
7. Sallands
8. Stellingwerfs
9. Drents.

The Groninger dialect, which differs from Westphalian, is not shown.

Within this dialect group there are roughly four different dialect groups. these are

  • the Münsterländische that the developed open long, O² from Südwestfälische by another development 'au' of germanic for distinguishing written, 'o' is different, so it Münsterland 'bread', südwestfälisch 'Broud' or 'Braud' and high German ' Bread 'means
  • the Eastern Westfalia , which is separated from Münsterländische and Südwestfälische by the line east which the E² is split into different sounds has (usually 'ai' and 'ai'),
  • the South Westphalian , which differs from the Münsterland by a different development of the open long, developed from Germanic 'au', written to distinguish ō², so that it is South Westphalian 'Broud' or 'Braud', Münsterland 'Brod' and high German ' Bread 'means, and
  • the West Munsterland , which is distinguished from the Munsterland and South Westphalian by the absence of the Westphalian refraction (see below). On the other hand , this Westphalian dialect agrees in terms of its sound development of the Middle Low German ē and ō sounds with the neighboring Lower Franconian (and Dutch ) dialects.

Some of the Lower Saxon dialects of the Netherlands , more precisely the dialects of Twents , Achterhoeks and Westerwolds (German: Westerwoldinger Platt), as well as the southern variant of Emsländer Platt and Grafschafter Platt of the Grafschaft Bentheim are sometimes assigned to Westphalian. In detail, there are deviations depending on the definitions used.

A finer structure distinguishes the following Westphalian dialects:

  • West Munsterland
  • Münsterland
  • Central Westphalian
  • Märkisch
  • Sauerland ("roughly from Menden to Olpe")
  • Paderbornisch
  • Ravensbergian
  • Tecklenburg-Osnabrück
  • Lippisch
  • Mindisch

Delimitation of Westphalian from neighboring language areas

The delimitation of Westphalian is made differently. The areas become traditional

  • the 'Westfälische Brechung', the diphthonging of the old short vowels in open syllables as in iaten (essen), wieten (knowledge), iems (Ems), uapen (open), Fuegel (bird). In some areas, the long vowels are also diphthongized , as is the case in East Westphalian. Triphthongs occur.
  • The use of the words küern (talk, speak) and Rüe (dog) is often used in addition.

But this describes more of a core area, since z. B. in Lippe the Westphalian refraction is missing. Therefore there are also delimitations that want to follow a line. This is how they are

  • Differentiation of the old long a as in red (advice) from the later stretched a as in sake (thing) in the northeast,
  • the Weser in the east,
  • the isogloss bundle of the second sound shift that separates the Low German and Central German language areas in the south,
  • in the southwest the border of the Westphalian refraction and
  • in the west called the Dutch state border, since German research, in contrast to Dutch, often excludes consideration of the local dialects.

Another variant is the delimitation according to the following limits:

  • In the north, a gradual transition is assumed north of the Isogloss gebruaken / gebroken.
  • In the east, the boundary is determined by the use of di and dik.
  • In the south the isogloss bundle of the second sound shift is again mentioned as the limit, while
  • in the west the contrast between mäh (n) and mähet, i.e. the spread of the Lower Saxon unit plural, which is supposed to separate the Westphalian from the Lower Franconian.

Such differences also explain the different delimitations of the adjacent cards.

Description of the Westphalian

Westphalian has preserved numerous ancient grammatical forms and pronunciation habits.

In the written form there are no standardized spelling rules; It is usually written according to phonetic criteria. However, there are well-developed spellings for the Münsterland and East Westphalia in the Ravensberger Land.

The vocabulary of Westphalian is described in the Westphalian dictionary (Westphalian in North Rhine-Westphalia) and in the Lower Saxony dictionary (Westphalian in Lower Saxony). The Westphalian dictionary is edited by the dialect commission of the Westphalia-Lippe Regional Association by a single employee. The last delivery of the Westphalian dictionary goes up to the letter L (as of 2015).

See also

literature

  • Daniela Twilfer: dialect borders in the head. The Westphalian language area from a folk linguistic perspective. Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 978-3-89534-903-4 .
  • Low German dialects . In: Geographical and regional history atlas of Westphalia. Subject area V. Culture and education. Münster 1996 (maps and accompanying text).
  • Hermann Niebaum: History and structure of the linguistic systems in Westphalia. In: Der Raum Westfalen VI, 1, Münster 1989, ISBN 3-402-05554-6 , pp. 5-31.
  • Jan Goossens: Language . In: Westfälische Geschichte Vol. 1 (From the beginnings to the end of the old empire). 1st edition. Düsseldorf 1983, ISBN 3-590-34211-0 , pp. 56-80.
  • Rudolf Ernst Keller : Westphalian: Mönsterlänsk Platt. In: German Dialects. Phonology & Morphology, with selected texts. Manchester University Press, Manchester 1961, pp. 299-338.

Web links

Wiktionary: Westphalian  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Markus Denkler: The Münsterland Platt. (= Commission for Dialect and Name Research in Westphalia (Ed.): Westfälische Mundarten, Vol. 1) Münster 2017. ( ISBN 978-3-402-14344-5 ). William Foerste: The Münsterland. , in: Niederdeutsches Wort., 3 1963, pp. 29–36.
  2. ^ Robert Damme, Jan Goossens, Gunter Müller, Hans Taubken: Low German dialects. In: Geographical and regional history atlas of Westphalia. Subject area V: culture and education. Delivery 8, double sheet 1, Münster 1996. Digitized. Only areas that belong to the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe are colored here. William Foerste: The Münsterland. , in: Niederdeutsches Wort., 3 1963, pp. 29–36.
  3. ^ Robert Damme, Jan Goossens, Gunter Müller, Hans Taubken: Low German dialects. In: Geographical and regional history atlas of Westphalia. Subject area V: culture and education. Delivery 8, double sheet 1, Münster 1996. Digitized. Only areas that belong to the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe are colored here. Jan Goossens (Ed.): Low German - Language and Literature. Volume 1: Language. , Neumünster 1983, pp. 145 f., 147, map 5.
  4. ^ Robert Damme, Jan Goossens, Gunter Müller, Hans Taubken: Low German dialects. In: Geographical and regional history atlas of Westphalia. Subject area V: culture and education. Delivery 8, double sheet 1, Münster 1996. Digitized. Only areas that belong to the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe are colored here. William Foerste: The Münsterland. , in: Niederdeutsches Wort., 3 1963, pp. 29–36.
  5. ^ Ludger Kremer: The West Munsterland sand plateau. (= Commission for Dialect and Name Research in Westphalia (ed.): Westfälische Mundarten, Vol. 2) Münster 2018. ( ISBN 978-3-402-14345-2 ).
  6. ↑ a b c Hans Taubken: Low German language - Westphalian dialects on the Geographical Commission for Westphalia - Westphalia Regional - The geographic-regional online documentation about Westphalia , accessed on September 17, 2018.
  7. ^ Hermann Niebaum, Jürgen Macha: Introduction to the Dialectology of German , 2nd, revised edition, Max Niemeyer Verlag 2006, series: Germanistische Arbeitshefte , Issue 36, Chapter "Cradle and focus of German dialectology - Dialect division", p. 87
  8. ↑ Jan Goossens (Ed.): Low German - Language and Literature. Volume 1: Language. , Neumünster 1983, p. 14 f., P. 142 f., P. 162. Hans Taubken: Low German language - Westphalian dialects on the Geographical Commission for Westphalia - Westphalia Regional - The geographical-regional online documentation about Westphalia , accessed on September 17, 2018. Robert Damme, Jan Goossens, Gunter Müller, Hans Taubken: Low German dialects. In: Geographical and regional history atlas of Westphalia. Subject area V: culture and education. Delivery 8, double sheet 1, Münster 1996. Digitized. Only areas that belong to the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe are colored here.
  9. ↑ Horst Ludwigsen: Plattdüütsch Riägelbauk. Not only dry, but sometimes even enjoyable language teaching and stylistics of the Westphalian-Mark dialect. 1990, pp. 44f.
  10. ↑ Jan Goossens (Ed.): Low German - Language and Literature. Volume 1: Language., Neumünster 1983, p. 14f., P. 19ff., P. 24.
  11. ↑ Jan Goossens (Ed.): Low German - Language and Literature. Volume 1: Language. Neumünster 1983, p. 20 on the border between Low and Middle German, p. 142 f. on the gradual transition of the Westphalian break, p. 162 to the personal pronoun uns, p. 168 f. to the unit plural. For the compilation cf. the map of German dialects 1910 on the right.
  12. ↑ Jan Goossens (Ed.): Low German - Language and Literature. Volume 1: Language. Neumünster 1983, pp. 138-174.
  13. ^ Hermann Jellinghaus: Westphalian grammar: the sounds and inflections of the Ravensberg dialect with a dictionary. , Vaduz / Liechtenstein: 2001. Reprint of the edition from 1877. Klaus-Werner Kahl: Dictionary des Münsterländer Platt. Aschendorff Verlag, Münster, 2000.
  14. ^ Commission for dialect and onomatology of Westphalia - Westphalian dictionary
  15. ^ Robert Damme: The Westphalian dictionary. In: Low German word. Vol. 37, 1997, ISSN  0078-0545 , pp. 13-20. G. Appenzeller: The Lower Saxony Dictionary. A chapter from the history of large-scale landscape lexicography. Stuttgart 2011 (ZDL supplement 142).