Adalberto Libera

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Adalberto Libera (born July 16, 1903 in Villa Lagarina near Trento , † March 17, 1963 in Rome ) was an important Italian architect who is attributed to Italian rationalism . During the time of fascism he built functional buildings and was then active in social housing .

biography

Beach villa for the Società Tirrena, Type A, Rome-Ostia 1932

As early as 1927, while studying in Parma ( Istituto Statale d'Arte , 1925) and Rome ( Scuola Superiore di Architettura , 1928), Adalberto Libera joined Gruppo 7 . In 1930 he became secretary of this group of architects, which from that year called itself MIAR ( Movimento Italiano di Architettura Razionale , translated as "Italian Movement for Rational Architecture").

By Ludwig Mies van der Rohe , he was in 1927 for the exhibition Werkbund Stuttgart invited. In Rome in 1928, together with Gaetano Minucci, he organized the first exhibition of the Architettura Razionale , and he was also involved in the organization of the second exhibition, which opened in Rome on March 30, 1931.

At this second exhibition, the MIAR took a clear political position and published a manifesto addressed to Benito Mussolini , which, in addition to its vision of modern statehood, also contained a clear commitment to fascism. Due to the sharp demarcation from the architects of the predominant Scuola Romana (Roman school) around Marcello Piacentini , whose monumental buildings were denigrated in the exhibition with a photomontage tavolo degli orrori (panel of atrocities), the MIAR was, however, on May 9, 1931 by the national Fascist architects' association dissolved.

Despite these (artistic) conflicts, Libera was close to the Italian fascist party , for which he worked as an artistic advisor from 1932. In 1932 he and Mario De Renzi , with whom he had been working at the Palazzo delle Poste in Via Marmorata in Rome since 1930 , played a key role in the design of the official exhibition on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the fascist takeover of power. Furthermore, together with the futuristic scenographer Antonio Valente, he also realized the cult space for the fallen of the fascist revolution and thus created a prototype for round fascist cult spaces. The Italian pavilions at the World's Fair in Chicago (1933) and Brussels (1935) were also created in collaboration with De Renzi. Another important design of the 1930s was the Congress Palace for the World Exhibition E42 planned for 1942 in Rome (completion after 1951) with which it made a significant contribution to the creative implementation of fascist architectural policy.

At the end of the thirties, Libera supported the writer Curzio Malaparte on Capri with the design of the red villa made internationally famous by the film The Contempt of Jean-Luc Godard .

In addition to social housing ( Cagliari , 1950–1953) and the Unità d'abitazione orrizontale residential development within the Tuscolano housing estate in Rome, the official building of the Autonomous Region of Trentino-South Tyrol in Trento is an important post-war design (1954–1962). Libera's late works include the King Christ Cathedral in La Spezia (1956–1969) and his residential buildings for the Olympic Village in Rome, which were realized in 1960 .

Adalberto Libera, who, along with Giuseppe Terragni, is one of the most important representatives of Italian modern architecture, died shortly before his 60th birthday on March 17, 1963 in Rome.

See also

Significant structures

  • 1930–1933 Palazzo delle Poste (post office) in Via Marmorata, Rome (with Mario De Renzi )
  • 1932–1934 houses for the Tirrena company in Ostia
  • 1937–1940 project for an entrance arch to the EUR World Exhibition in Rome (not realized)
  • 1938–1940 Villa Malaparte on Capri (design, not realized)
  • 1937–1951 Congress Palace in Rome
  • 1950–1953 residential complex in Trento
  • 1950–1954 Unità d'abitazione orrizontale in the Tuscolano housing estate in Rome
  • 1958–1960 residential buildings for the Olympic Village in Rome
  • 1954–1962 official building of the Autonomous Region of Trentino-South Tyrol in Trento
  • 1956–1969 Cristo Re Cathedral in La Spezia

literature

Web links

Commons : Adalberto Libera  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cf. Luigi Monzo: Croci e fasci - Italian church building in the time of fascism, 1919–1945. 2 vol., Karlsruhe 2017 (dissertation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 2017), p. 132.
  2. ↑ cf. Luigi Monzo: Croci e fasci - Italian church building in the time of fascism, 1919–1945. 2 vol., Karlsruhe 2017 (dissertation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 2017), p. 133.
  3. ↑ cf. Luigi Monzo: Croci e fasci - Italian church building in the time of fascism, 1919–1945. 2 vol., Karlsruhe 2017 (dissertation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 2017), pp. 150–152.
  4. ↑ cf. Luigi Monzo: Croci e fasci - Italian church building in the time of fascism, 1919–1945. 2 vol., Karlsruhe 2017 (dissertation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 2017), pp. 672–678.
  5. ↑ Capri, visita di Casa Malaparte. In: FullTravel.it. Retrieved May 30, 2016 (Italian).
  6. ↑ Casa Malaparte. Restoration report (PDF). Dipartimento di Scienze per l'Architettura , University of Genoa , March 23, 2007, accessed May 30, 2016 (Italian).
  7. ^ Learning from the Casbah: Horizontal Housing Units in Rome by Adalberto Libera. In: Socks-Studio.com, February 20, 2014, accessed May 30, 2016 (English).
  8. ↑ cf. Luigi Monzo: Croci e fasci - Italian church building in the time of fascism, 1919–1945. 2 vol., Karlsruhe 2017 (dissertation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 2017), pp. 672–678.
personal data
SURNAME Libera, Adalberto
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian architect
DATE OF BIRTH July 16, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Villa Lagarina
DATE OF DEATH March 17, 1963
Place of death Rome