Administered price
An administered price is in the business a price for a one on one market offered power , by a government intervention has been set.
General
Administered prices are not market prices that have developed through the market mechanism due to the free formation of prices through supply and demand , but have been unilaterally determined by state sovereignty . There are administered prices for goods and services that are completely or predominantly determined by the state or regulatory authorities . The prices set by large companies that arise from the market power of these companies are also called administered prices.
species
The Expert Council for the Assessment of Macroeconomic Development has divided the state administered prices according to the intensity of their influence by the state as follows:
- Directly administered prices
- Transport tariffs , radio license fees or fees for messaging are set directly by the state and make up 4.6% of the shopping basket .
- Partially administered prices
- such as public supply tariffs , insurance tariffs , health care or flight tariffs are controlled by the state and are subject to approval by it (shopping cart 10.9%).
- Quasi-administered prices
- such as gasoline , heating oil , tobacco and alcohol are influenced by the state through the high tax share via the tax burden (shopping basket: also 10.9%).
- Indirectly administered prices
- Almost the entire food sector is influenced by the state via EU market regulations through minimum , maximum or target prices (shopping basket: 14.9%).
Measured against the shopping basket, 41.3% of goods / services have administered prices.
These administered prices are fixed prices , are fixed by the state through laws and are usually reflected in fixed fees . The legal basis is, among other things, the Federal Fees Act (BGebG), which regulates the levying of fees for public services by authorities . Gross prices are agreed in business dealings with consumers and authorities . These prices remain binding even if the value added tax increases . A price adjustment can only be made if the prices were agreed more than 4 months before the tax change came into effect ( Section 29 UStG ).
Today's meaning
Historically, the classic area of administered prices within a market economy system is agriculture , to which the state guarantees, for example, minimum prices in order to secure a self-sufficient supply of food through sovereign acts .
While these agricultural price guarantees declined in the wake of global liberalization trends, the administered price has held up in a number of other areas, especially in the health sector . The motorway tolls or similar pricing of public infrastructure are among the administered prices.
The importance of government-administered prices for inflation should not be underestimated. In 1980 the fully administered prices had a share of 4.7% in the basket of goods and a share of the inflation rate of 5.51%, the partially administered prices had a share of 22.83% in the basket and a share of 25.73% in the Inflation rate. The higher their share in the basket of goods, the stronger their effect as a cause of inflation.
International
The importance of administered prices varies greatly in the countries of the euro area . According to Eurostat , the share of administered prices in the HICP basket was 11.0% on average in the euro area in 2010 . In terms of share in the HICP basket of goods, Slovakia , Portugal , the Netherlands and Germany were among the top performers in 2010 . For these countries, the share of the HICP basket of goods ranged from 13.0% (Germany) to 23.6% (Slovakia). Austria was also above the euro area average at 12.6%. At the lower end of the scale were Finland , Malta and Slovenia, with shares ranging from 5.0% (Finland) to 6.4% (Slovenia).
In Switzerland, for example, the federal government is empowered to return health insurance premiums that have been increased beyond an extent to cover cost increases to the relevant insurance company for revision. Another example from 2009 is the intervention of the FDP Health Minister Pascal Couchepin to lower medical laboratory tariffs. In many countries, drug prices are also set as maximum prices by the state to contain costs in the healthcare system. In a broader sense, the interventions of the price monitor in Switzerland can also be seen as price administration.
literature
- Hans Rudolf Schwarzenbach: Outline of general administrative law: an introduction for members of the authorities, civil servants and students . Edition: 7, Stämpfli, 1978, ISBN 3-7272-9694-1
Individual evidence
- ↑ Austrian National Bank, Administered Prices, Inflation and Business Cycle - Selective Aspects , 2011, p. 45
- ↑ Dr. Th. Gabler Verlag, Gablers Wirtschaftslexikon , Volume 1, 1984, Sp. 81
- ^ Council of Experts for the Assessment of Overall Economic Development, Annual Report 1982/1983 , 1983, p. 244 f.
- ↑ the proportion has fallen due to deregulation of the Deutsche Bundespost and Deutsche Bundesbahn .
- ↑ Herbert Baum, State-administered prices as a means of economic policy , 1980, p. 247
- ↑ Austrian National Bank, Administered Prices, Inflation and Business Cycle - Selective Aspects , 2011, p. 50
- ^ Austrian National Bank, Administered Prices, Inflation and Business Cycle - Selective Aspects , 2011, p. 50 f.
- ↑ Price reduction for 500 drugs . In: Tages-Anzeiger . 1. November 2013.