Adolf Martens

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Bust in the building of the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing , Unter den Eichen 87, in Berlin-Lichterfelde
Grave site , Königin-Luise-Straße 55, in Berlin-Dahlem
Adolf Martens, 1907, photo by Rudolf Dührkoop

Adolf Martens (born March 6, 1850 in Bakendorf near Hagenow ; † July 24, 1914 in Groß-Lichterfelde ; full name Adolf Karl Gottfried Martens ) was a German materials scientist and material tester.

Martens studied mechanical engineering, but at an early stage he was more intensively involved in the development of materials testing for construction. In 1879 Martens became a professor at the Technical University of Charlottenburg . There he was director of the Mechanical-Technical Research Institute for many years and, from 1884, director of the materials testing office, which was moved from Charlottenburg to Dahlem in 1904. Martens was one of the fathers of materials research and testing and founded the science of materials testing in Germany.

He was one of the pioneers in using the microscope as an analysis tool for metal structures. He made significant contributions to materials research, including improving the metal microscope and working on the constitution of metal alloys . In 1899 he published the then highly regarded manual of materials science . He constructed numerous materials testing machines. Methods for measuring the scratch hardness of non-metals and the flash point of flammable liquids are associated with his name: scratch hardness according to MARTENS, flash point according to PENSKY-MARTENS.

The establishment of the Royal Materials Testing Office , from which today's Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) emerged , also goes back to him . Martens had been a member of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin since 1904 . In 1905 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Dresden University of Technology . In 1911 he was awarded the Grashof Memorial Medal from the Association of German Engineers .

In his honor, a certain structure in the steel that is formed when it cools down quickly and is responsible for the hardness of the steel is internationally known as martensite . In 2003, the Universal was approved by the ISO -setting in Martens hardness renamed.

In his name, the Adolf Martens Fund eV awards the Adolf Martens Prize for the promotion of materials science, materials research and testing and safety technology every two years.

In 1971 a street in Berlin-Lichterfelde was named after him. His grave is in the municipal cemetery in Dahlem .

literature

Web links

Commons : Adolf Martens  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Members of the previous academies: Adolf Martens. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities , accessed on February 3, 2015 .
  2. ↑ Honorary doctoral students of the TH / TU Dresden. Technical University of Dresden, accessed on February 3, 2015 .
personal data
SURNAME Martens, Adolf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German materials scientist
DATE OF BIRTH March 6, 1850
PLACE OF BIRTH Gammelin at Hagenow
DATE OF DEATH July 24, 1914
Place of death Groß-Lichterfelde