Adolphe Nicolas

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Adolphe Nicolas (* 1936 in Rennes ; † March 31, 2020 in Montpellier ) was a French geologist and geophysicist.

Nicolas went to New Cumberland which one? went to high school and received his baccalaureate in New York City and Rabat , Morocco. He then studied physics, chemistry and geology at the Sorbonne , graduating in 1958. He completed the first part of his French doctorate (Doctorat troisième cycle) in 1961 in Paris, the second part (Doctorat d 'Etat) in 1966 in Grenoble. From 1958 he was an assistant at the University of Nancy and from 1968 lecturer ( Maître de conférences ) in Nantes, where he founded the laboratory for tectonic physics. In 1978 he became professor in Nantes, from 1984 professeur de classe exceptionelle. In 1986 he moved to the University of Montpellier as a professor , where he was director of the Laboratory for Tectonic Physics from 1986 to 1998 and director of the Institute for Geosciences (Institut des Sciences de la Terre, de l'Eau et de l'Espace, ISTEEM) from 1994 to 1998. Most recently he was Professor Emeritus at the University of Montpellier 2.

From 2000 to 2004 he was an advisor to the French Ministry of Research in the field of earth and environmental sciences.

He was mainly concerned with the plasticity of the upper mantle and the geodynamics of mid-ocean ridges . He examined these on sea expeditions and also on land in the form of fossilized deep-sea floors ( ophiolites , for example in Oman ) in order to find clues about the rock material involved and the dynamics in the transition to the upper mantle. Nicolas published around 250 scientific papers, including a standard work on mid-ocean ridges.

In 2004 he received the Harry H. Hess Medal of the American Geophysical Union and in 2005 the Grand Prix de l'Académie des Sciences . He also received the Prix ​​Dolomieu of the Academie des Sciences, the Veinig Meinesz Medal and the silver medal of the CNRS . He was a Knight of the Legion of Honor and the Ordre des Palmes Académiques , Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and Senior Member of the Institut Universitaire de France. He was chairman of the French section of the International Geological Commission Program and a member of the CNRS National Committee for Geosciences.

At Kluwer he edited the Petrology and Structural Geology series .

Fonts

  • The oceanic ridges: Mountains under the sea, Springer 1995 (French original 1990)
  • 2050, Rendez-vous à risques, Belin 2004
  • Future tense empoisonné - quels défis, quels remèdes, Belin 2007
  • with RLM Vissers (Ed.): Mantle and Lower Crust exposted in Oceanic Ridges and in Ophiolites, Springer 1995 (in it by Nicolas with B. Ildefonse, S. Billiau: A detailed study of the mantle flow away from Diapirs in the Oman Ophiolite, Pp. 163–180)

Articles (selection)

  • with JL Bouchez, F. Boudier, JC Mercier: Textures, structures and fabrics due to solid state flow in some European lherzolites, Tectonophysics, 12, 1971, pp. 55-86.
  • Was the Hercynian orogenic belt of Europe of the Andean type? Nature., Vol. 236, 1972, pp. 221-223.
  • with Yves Guéguen : Mantle rocks deformation, Ann. Rev. of Earth Sc., 8, 1980, 119-144
  • with F. Boudier, Jean-Luc Bouchez: Interpretation of the peridotite structures from ophiolitic and oceanic environments, American Journal of Science, 280 A, 1980, 192-210
  • with others: The Xigaze ophiolite (Tibet): a peculiar oceanic lithosphere, Nature, Vol 294, 1981, pp 414-417.
  • with F. Boudier, JL Bouchez: Kinematics of oceanic thrusting and subduction from basal sections of ophiolites. Nature, Vol. 296, 1982, pp. 825-828
  • Novel type of crust produced during continental rifting. Nature 315, 1985, pp. 112-115.
  • with K. Benn, L. Reuber: Mantle-crust transition zone and origin of wehrlitic magmas, evidence from the Oman ophiolite, Tectonophysics 151, 1988, 75-85
  • with B. Ildefonse, F. Boudier: Evidence from the Oman ophiolite for suddent stress changes during melt injection at oceanic spreading centers, Nature, Volume 366, 1993, pp. 673-675
  • with F. Boudier: Mapping oceanic ridge segments in Oman ophiolite, Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 100, 1995, 6179-6197
  • with B. Ildefonse: Flow viscosity and viscosity in basaltic magma chambers, Geophys. Res. Letters, 23, 1996, 2013-2016
  • with F. Boudier, L. France: Subsidence in magma chamber and the development of magmatic foliation in Oman ophiolite gabbros, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 284, 2009, 76-84
  • with Francoise Boudier: Axial melt lenses at oceanic ridges - A case study in the Oman ophiolite, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 304, 2011, 313-325

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Nicolas, Adolphe
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French geologist and geophysicist
DATE OF BIRTH 1936
PLACE OF BIRTH Rennes
DATE OF DEATH March 31, 2020
Place of death Montpellier