Adrian Kluit

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Adrian Kluit

Adrian Kluit (born February 9, 1735 in Dordrecht , † January 12, 1807 in Leiden ) was a Dutch educator and historian.

Life

The eighth child of the pharmacist Wilhelm van Kluit and his second wife Cornelia Louise de la Coste had received their first lessons at the Latin school in his home town. As a particularly keen and intelligent student, he had already written poetry and translations at that time, but with little success. In 1755 he moved to the University of Utrecht . His parents had hoped that he would get into the medical field. However, he was more enthusiastic about the Greek and Latin languages, literature and history. In Utrecht he followed the lectures of Christoph Saxe and especially those of Petrus Wesseling , who exerted a lasting influence on him.

His extraordinary receptivity, his insatiable curiosity and his tireless zeal led to an extensive knowledge in many areas. In addition to his studies, he continued to write poetry, worked on translations and dealt intensively with his mother tongue. In 1760, even before the end of his studies, Wesseling had given him a teaching position at the Latin school in Rotterdam . Here he made the acquaintance of Gerard Meerman (1722–1771), who gave him access to his library. Within a year he went to The Hague as a teacher , where he had more opportunities to advance his research because he had more extensive archives there.

In 1764 he moved to Alkmaar as the rector of the Latin School , in which function he found less and less time for his studies. Here he married his first wife Judith Helena van der Streng († 1799) on September 20, 1767. The marriage resulted in two children: a son Wilhelm Pieter (* 1769) and a daughter (* 1771), who died very young. In 1769 he took over the rectorate of the Latin school in Middelburg , where he also worked as a lecturer in rhetoric and the Greek language at the Illustre grammar school. During that time he became increasingly concerned with Dutch history. For this he collected documents in some archives. The increasingly popular Kluit became in 1776 professor of rhetoric and Greek at the Illustren Gymnasium.

One would have liked to keep him longer in Middelburg, but on August 22, 1778 he was appointed professor of Dutch antiquities and history at the University of Leiden , taking Dutch diplomacy into account. He followed this call and took over the office assigned to him on January 18, 1779 with the speech de jure quo Belgae legitimo suo Principi ac Domino Philippo imperium abrogaverint (Leiden 1779, also Dutch ibid. 1779). In this capacity he also participated in the organizational tasks of the university and was rector of the Alma Mater in 1782/83, which office he held with the speech De eo, quod nimium est in studio juris publici universalis, sive de damnis, ex abusu juris publici universalis deposited in omnem societatem redundantibus .

In his lectures he dealt with the historiography of the manorial house, which was customary at the time, whose opinion he also represented and thus got into serious problems with his patriotic counterpart Johann Luzac (1746–1807) in 1795 . As a result of that dispute, the curators of the Leiden University suspended him on August 8, 1795, while maintaining his salary. In later years he worked as a private teacher and, after the death of his first wife on April 6, 1801, married Johanna van Oursel, the widow of Karl Anselm van Lingen. Due to the later political changes, he was reinstated in his professorship on February 6, 1802 and also gave lectures on Dutch statistics. In addition, his professorship was expanded to include statistics on September 20, 1806. He and his wife were killed in the great powder explosion in Leiden.

Works (selection)

  • Lijst der Gebruikelijke Zelfstandige Naamwoorden, beteekend door hunne geslagten, door D. van Hoogstraten ... aangevuld uit de Bijvoegselen van G. Outhof, doorgaans avoided en opgeheldert by Adriaan Kluit. Amsterdam 1759
  • Neither the ontzwagtelde en gezuiverde aldervroegste Vaderlandze Oudheden van J. Bent, benevens eene korte Bijlage over het Westfriese Jagtregt van denzelven. The Hague 1761
  • Oratie per Mythica. Alkmaar 1764
  • Dissertatio de genuino anno natali DN Jesu Christi ex his vindiciis dijudicando. Alkmaar 1768-1769
  • Oratie pro Imperatore Juliano Apostata, Middelburg 1769 in Dutch: Inwijings redevoering tot lof van den keizer Juliaan den Afvalligen. Middelburg 1772
  • Conspectus historiae criticae Comitatus Hollandiae et Zelandiae. Accedit epistola ad PH van de Wall, de nonnullis, quae in nup. editiones chron. vernaculi rhytmici Aem. Stoke occurrant. Utrecht 1773
  • Vaticinium de Messia Duce primarium, sive explicatio LXX Hebdomadum Danielis etc. Middelburg 1774
  • Addenda ad Vaticinium Daniëlis de LXX Hebdomadibus, nec non Commonitio ad virum doctum JDVH (Johannem Daniëlem van Hoven) Middelburg 1775
  • De zeventig works by Daniel. Middelburg 1775
  • Oratio de superstitio juxta atque perniciosissimo in templis et urbibus sepeliundi ritu , Middelburg 1776, in Dutch: Inwijins talk about the bijgeloovigen oorsprong en schadelijke followed van het graven in kerken en steden , Middelburg, 1777
  • Historia critica Comitatus Hollandiae et Zelandiae, sistens Chronicon Hollandiae vetustissimi anonymi monachi Egmondani, cum notis Matthaei, Douzae aliorumque nec non perpetuo editoris comment. illustratum. Accedit Codex diplomaticus et probationes. Middelburg 1777–1784, 2nd volume, 1777, 1st volume ([books.google.de/books?id=zFpAAAAAcAAJ Online]); 1780, 2nd volume ( online ), 2nd edition 1779, 1st volume ( online ), 1882, 2nd volume ( online )
  • Declaration of the speeches, waarom hij zich op the army Prof. van den Hoven, om all deszelfs woelingen tegen zijn verklaring about Lucas II: 2 not lost. Middelburg 1777
  • Inwijingsrede about 't right' t welk de Nederlanders gehad hebben om hunnen bet vorst en Heer Philips, kaning van Spanje, af te zweren, uit het Latijn. Leiden 1779 ( online )
  • Brieven van A. Kluit over deszelfs Inwijings speeches. Leiden 1779
  • Primae lineae collegii diplomatico-historico-politici sistentes vetus jus publicum Belgicum, historice enarratum et ex antiquis monumentis et veteris aevi diplomatibus illustratum. Leiden 1780 ( online )
  • The sovereignty of the States of Holland verdedigd tegen de hedendaagsche empty the people's regulation ring, voornamelijk tegen het written: Grondwettige manufacturing van Nederlands Staatswezen. Leiden 1785, 1788
  • Redevoering over het misbruik van het algemeen staatsrecht. Leiden 1787
  • Historiae foederum Belgii Foederati primae lineae. Suffer. 1790-91, 3rd vol. 1790, 1st vol., ( Online ); 1791, 2nd Vol. ( Online ); 1790, 3rd vol. ( Online )
  • Index chronologicus sive Prodomus ad primas lineas historiae federum Belgii Federati. Leiden 1790 ( online )
  • The rights of the people in France geen the rights of the people in the Netherlands. Amsterdam 1793.
  • Iets over den laatsten Engelschen oorlog met de republiek, en over Nederlands Koophandel. Amsterdam 1794 ( online )
  • History of the Hollandsche Staatsregeling tot aan het jaar 1795, met Bijlagen. Amsterdam 1802-1805., 5th vol .; 1802, Volume 1 ( online ); 1803, 2nd vol. ( Online ); 1803, 3rd vol., ( Online ); 1804, 4th Vol. ( Online ); 1805, 5th vol., ( Online )

literature

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personal data
SURNAME Kluit, Adrian
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch educator and historian
DATE OF BIRTH February 9, 1735
PLACE OF BIRTH Dordrecht
DATE OF DEATH January 12, 1807
Place of death Suffer