Adscita capitalis
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Adscita capitalis | ||||||||||||
| ( Staudinger , 1879) |
Adscita capitalis is a butterfly fromthe ram family (Zygaenidae).
features
The moths reach a forewing length of 9.5 to 11.4 millimeters in the males and 9.4 to 10.5 millimeters in the females. The head is hairy especially on the forehead ( frons ) and vertex and shimmers brownish green, brown or black-brown. The forehead is about twice as wide as the compound eyes . The antennae are strongly club-shaped and shimmer olive green or dark green. They consist of 35 to 37 segments; the last eight segments are made into wide plates. The thorax has a dorsal shimmer of green or brownish green, sometimes it is just black and dull. The back end is covered with long hair. The tegulae are hairy and shimmer golden-green, the legs shimmer laterally green, medially they are dull. The abdomen has a green or bluish green sheen. The upper side of the forewing shimmers light green and has a variable sheen. The hind wings are dark gray or light gray and slightly translucent . The undersides of the wings are light gray. Sometimes there is a narrow strip of blue shimmering scales in the anal angle of the hind wings . The females resemble the males in size and color. The antennae are weakly double serrated, almost thread-shaped and strongly thickened club-shaped at the end.
In the males the uncus is very large and heavily sclerotized . The blades are wide and have no extensions. The aedeagus is slender and slightly curved upwards. Proximally it is somewhat thicker and provided with a short, straight and slender cornutus.
In females, the ostium is lip-shaped. The antrum is long, heavily sclerotized and has a smooth surface. The bursal duct is short and translucent, folded lengthways and twisted distally . The corpus bursae is egg-shaped.
The egg is 0.8 millimeters long, 0.5 millimeters wide and 0.4 millimeters high. It is pale yellow in color and has fine longitudinal ribs.
The caterpillar goes through 6 to 8 stages. In the first stage it is about 1.1 millimeters long and 0.3 millimeters wide. The head is brown, the body light yellow. There is a sclerotized T-shaped plate on the back of the first thoracic segment. The L 1 stage lasts 6 to 14 days.
The second-stage caterpillars are 2.0 millimeters long and have a light yellow body. There is a light brown line on the back. The head and prothoracic plate are brown. The thoracic legs are light brown, the belly legs light yellow. The L 2 stage lasts 5 to 16 days. In the third stage, the caterpillars are 2.5 millimeters long and light yellow. The back line and the side back line are light brown. The L 3 stage lasts 6 to 21 days.
In the fourth stage, the caterpillars are 3.5 millimeters long and gray-yellow and have light brown back, side back and side lines. The abdomen and the ventral part of the abdomen are yellow. There are spiky macrotubercles on the back line. The peritrema - a ring-shaped sclerite that surrounds the breathing openings - is dark brown. The L 4 stage lasts 12 days, in the case of diapause 258 to 277 days.
The 5th stage caterpillars are 3.5 to 4.0 millimeters long and are significantly darker in color compared to the previous stages. The back line and the side back lines are reddish brown. The back line is divided by a white line. The sideline and basal line are light brown. The dorsally and subdorsally located warts are lined with orange and white, the lateral and ventral ones are yellow. The abdomen and the ventral part of the abdomen are yellow. The light brown peritrema is poorly visible on the sideline. Macrotubercles are now present on both the back line and the side back line. Most are single-spined, some with multiple spines. The L 5 stage lasts 12 to 28 days.
In the sixth stage, the caterpillars are 3.8 to 4.5 millimeters long. At this stage they can already be adults and then have a length of 8.0 to 12.5 millimeters. They are similar to the L 5 stage, but are darker. The side lines are brown, the basal line is dark brown. The subdorsal warts are lined with light brown and laterally white. The laterally located warts are light brown, the dorsally located yellowish gray. The ventral part of the abdomen is yellowish gray, the abdominal legs are yellow. The number of macrotubercles on the dorsal, secondary dorsal and lateral lines has increased, there are also some on the basal line. The L 6 stage lasts 12 to 41 days.
The caterpillars of the seventh instar are 5.0 to 5.5 millimeters long, significantly larger and darker in color. The black-brown back line is divided by a gray center line. The secondary ridge lines are light brown and lined dorsally and ventrally with gray. The lateral and ventral warts are brown, the ventral part of the abdomen is gray-brown, and the abdominal bones are orange. The head, prothoracic plate and thoracic legs are dark brown. The peritrema is gray. The spiny macrotubercles are densely arranged, especially on the dorsal and secondary dorsal lines. The L 7 stage, including the diapause, lasts 159 to 182 days.
In the eighth stage, the caterpillars are 8.0 millimeters long and just as colored as in the previous stage. The macrotubercles are multi-spiny, the spines have a crown-shaped tip. The microtubercles are single-spined and taper to a point. While the caterpillars are making the cocoon, they change color. The back warts become lighter and form a wide, light yellow band. The coloring of the lines and the other warts hardly changes. The caterpillars need six to eight days to make the cocoon, the L 8 stage takes 22 to 23 days.
The cocoon is spindle-shaped and 10.0 to 12.5 millimeters long. It consists of white, not very dense silk. The doll is 7.2 to 8.5 millimeters long. The head, thorax, wings and abdomen are smooth and have a light brown sheen. A dark brown back line and an equally colored side back line can be seen on the abdomen.
Similar species
In the Balkans and Turkey, Adscita capitalis is the only species of the genus with strongly club-shaped antennae.
distribution
Adscita capitalis is common in Macedonia , Greece (including the island of Samos ), and Turkey . The species inhabits wet meadows . In Turkey, the moths can be found up to 3000 meters above sea level.
biology
The females lay the eggs individually or in small groups of two to three pieces on the thickly hairy uppermost leaves of the forage plant. Under breeding conditions, the duration of the ice stage was variable, it was between 5 and 15 days. The gray sun rose ( Helianthemum canum ) was detected as a forage plant . Under breeding conditions, other sun rose species such as Helianthemum georgicum and the yellow sun rose ( Helianthemum nummularium ) were accepted by the caterpillars. In captivity, the first three instar caterpillars made short gallery-like mines in the leaves of H. georgicum . In the case of H. nummularium, the caterpillars only ate the parenchyma of the leaves, creating small furrows. On the Crimean peninsula, the large-flowered sun rose ( Helianthemum grandifloris ) was also accepted as a fodder plant. When rearing in Austria, the caterpillars overwintered in the L 4 stage and pupated in the L 6 stage. When raised in the Crimea, however, they overwintered at the L 7 stage and pupated at the L 8 stage. Observations from the field are not yet available. While the caterpillars are making the cocoon, they change color. The puppet rest lasts 15 to 19 days. The moths hatch in the morning and the flight time is from June to July.
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ Otto Staudinger: Lepidoptera fauna of Asia Minor. Horae Societatis entomologicae Rossicae 14 (1879): p. 317 PDF of the first description
- ↑ a b c d C. M. Naumann, WG Tremewan: The Western Palaearctic Zygaenidae . 1st edition. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 1999, ISBN 87-88757-15-3 , pp. 149 (English).
- ↑ a b c d e K. A. Efetov, B. Mollet, GM Tarmann: The biology and early stages of Adscita (Adscita) capitalis (Staudinger, 1879) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae). News from the Apollo Entomological Association, NF 31 (1/2) (2010): pp. 119–125
literature
- CM Naumann, WG Tremewan: The Western Palaearctic Zygaenidae . 1st edition. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 1999, ISBN 87-88757-15-3 (English).
Web links
- Adscita capitalis at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved April 20, 2011
- The Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) photos