Recession
Under a skidding is understood in the harmonics , the abrupt shift of the tonal center ( tonic ), unlike the (switching) modulation , wherein the change of the key by a cadence and or or harmonic reinterpretation is completed. The shift is therefore the easiest and most direct way to get from one key to the other.
The move is to be distinguished from the chord depression as a 'stylistic device'; a parallel shift of chords which u. a. is used in works of impressionism and also played a formative role in other musical styles of the 20th and 21st centuries. A typical example of this is the shift in power chords in rock music. Simple forms of this type of musical movement can already be found in the Middle Ages (see fifth and octave ganum ).
Classical music
The movement was already used in classical music as a tonal-modulatory process. For example, in Maurice Ravel's popular composition Boléro , in which shortly before the end of the piece the piece moves to E major after the movement has remained static in C major for a particularly long time.
pop music
The shift is common in today's popular music, which as a rule dispenses with modulating processes, which is related to the rudimentary character of its melodic phrasing .
Very common and easy to hear is the move up a whole tone. It is often used to escalate the final chorus. One example is John Lennon's wife .
The song Eisgekühlter Bommerlunder der Toten Hosen uses the multiple half-tone shifting as the main stylistic device, which not only increases the last refrain, but also, in addition to a continuous increase in the use of instruments and volume, makes the song really appealing.
The pop group Kraftwerk elevated this to a principle of style.
Another well-known example of the recession in pop music is the Mull of Kintyre . The song begins in E major and moves up a fourth to A major after the second refrain . The same melody is played as before, only in the new key of A major. After a refrain-verse-refrain sequence in A major, the original key of E major is shifted back down (this can also be interpreted as modulation: the E major tonic sound is reinterpreted as the dominant sound of the A major tonality).
Another example of advancement in pop music is To be with you by David Grahame and Eric Martin ( Mr. Big ). The first and second choruses ( "I'm the one who wants ..." ) are in A major. After the bridge and the repetition of the end of the stanza “When it's through (…) let me be the one to show you” , the chorus suddenly follows a minor third higher, i.e. in C major. Then the chorus is played one more time in the original key of A major, which is where the song ends.
A very popular application in popular music is the chromatic shift up one semitone on one of the last repetitions of the chorus .
This musical device is called sequencing . As in the examples above, it serves to create a psychological “enhancement effect”. One example among many is Michael Jackson's Song History on the album of the same name. The transition is sometimes introduced by the major sub-median , which acts as an intermediate dominant to the target key - in C major z. B. A flat major as an intermediate dominant to D flat major. This phenomenon can be heard well in Udo Jürgens ' hit Ein honorable Haus , in which each stanza begins a semitone higher than the previous one and this is announced by the sub-median of the previous key. One of the best-known examples of this technique is the classic from the New Spiritual Song Thank you for this good morning (1961), which has been performed regularly since the first recording by the Botho Lucas Choir with a semitone shift when changing verses.
An example of the chromatic shift in jazz is the piece So What , which has the 32-bar AABA form. The key of the A part (and of the piece as a whole) is D Doric. The B part is the A part transposed up by a semitone; it is therefore in Es-Doric.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht et al. (Ed.): Meyers Taschenlexikon Musik . Bibliographisches Institut, Mannheim / Vienna / Zurich 1984 (article on "Modulation" and "Rückung").