Albert Crewe
Albert Victor Crewe (born February 18, 1927 in Bradford , England , † November 18, 2009 in Chesterton , Indiana ) was a British - American physicist , known for contributions to the development of the scanning electron microscope . Around 1964 he invented the scanning transmission electron microscope (Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope, STEM) field emission cathode, the wide practical application of already by Manfred von Ardenne enabled developed in 1937 STEM.
Crewe studied on a scholarship at the University of Liverpool with a degree in 1947 (among other things he studied with James Chadwick ) and his doctorate with Herbert Skinner in 1951. There he was an instructor for physics and developed a beam extraction for protons for the synchro- cyclotron , the first such system. In 1955 he went to the University of Chicago to install a similar decoupling device on the local cyclotron (built under the direction of Enrico Fermi and Herbert L. Anderson ) and became an assistant professor there .
In 1958 he went to the Argonne National Laboratory , where he was commissioned to install and develop a new particle accelerator (Zero Gradient Synchrotron, ZGS), which he did in record time. The ZGS proton synchrotron was in operation for 20 years. From 1961 to 1967 he was director of the laboratory. During this time his interest in electron microscopes began and in 1963 he built an improved scanning electron microscope. In 1964 he developed a new, more powerful electron source for the microscope ( Field Emission Electron Gun ). His microscope ( Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope ) had the highest resolution at that time. Hitachi began commercial production around 1970 (advised by Crewe). 1970 thus reach him images of individual atoms (previously only with the field emission microscopy of Erwin Müller Wilhelm reached) and 1975 moving images of individual atoms. Further innovations followed, such as a correction for spherical aberration with sextupole magnets in 1980.
In 1963 he became a professor at the University of Chicago (in whose faculty of physics he was from 1956) and in 1967 he left the Argonne laboratory entirely. From 1971 to 1981 he was dean of the physics faculty in Chicago. From 1977 he was William E. Wrather Distinguished Service Professor . From 2002 he was Professor Emeritus.
Crewe held 19 patents and published around 275 scientific papers. In 1977 he received the Albert A. Michelson Medal of the Franklin Institute, in 1979 the Ernst Abbe Award of the New York Microscope Society, the Duddel Medal of the Institute of Physics and in 1976 the Distinguished Service Award of the Electron Microscope Society of America. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (both 1972). Crewe has received multiple honorary doctorates, including from the University of Liverpool.
Crewe's electron microscope and its electron source also led in Chicago to the development of a field emission ion source and thus a scanning ion probe and a secondary ion mass spectrometer by Riccardo Levi-Setti .
He was married and had four children.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Crewe, J. Wall, J. Langmore Visibility of single atoms , Science, Volume 168, 1970, pp. 1338-40
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Crewe, Albert |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Crewe, Albert Victor |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | British-American physicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 18, 1927 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Bradford , England |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 18, 2009 |
| Place of death | Chesterton , Indiana |