Albert Londe

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Albert Londe (born November 26, 1858 in La Ciotat , France , † September 11, 1917 in Reuil-en-Brie , at the Bréau Castle near Paris, France) was a French photography pioneer in the field of medical research, X-ray and chronophotography .

Life

Albert Londe: 12 chronophotographic recordings of a naked athlete , undated aristotype , ENSBA archive , Paris
Étienne-Jules Marey: Albert Londes 12-lens camera , 1893

Londe was a medical photographer at the Hôpital de la Salpêtrière in Paris and a pioneer of X-ray photography.

In his two decades at the Salpêtrière (1882 to 1903) he became possibly the most outstanding scientific photographer of his time.

The neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot brought Londe to the Salpêtrière. In 1882, Londe had developed a system with which the physical or muscular movements of patients could be recorded, including during epileptic or “ hysterical ” seizures. He achieved this with a camera with 9 lenses, which were combined with electromagnetically switched shutters that were triggered one after the other with the help of a metronome . A few years later he made a corresponding camera with 12 lenses.

London's camera was used for medical studies of people's muscle movements in activities like blacksmithing and tightrope walking . The individual recordings could be made at intervals of a tenth of a second up to an interval of several seconds.

Although the device was designed for medical purposes, it could also record the movements of animals and ocean waves, according to Londe. General Sobert worked with Londe to develop a chronophotographic apparatus for ballistic studies. Londe's pictures were used as illustrations in books, especially for publications by the anatomy draftsman Paul Richer, for which he gained recognition from medical professionals and artists.

Together with Étienne-Jules Marey (1830–1904) Londe experimented with photographing movement. His laboratory in Salpêtrière resembled Marey's famous Station Physiologique . In 1893 Londe published his first book on medical photography ( La photographie médicale: Application aux sciences médicales et physiologiques ). In 1898 the tract Traité pratique de radiographie et de radioscope followed: technique et applications médicales .

Londe edited six journals and worked with his teacher and mentor, Dr. Jean-Martin Charcot, the leading French neurologist at the time, who also taught Sigmund Freud .

From 1879 Londe was a member of the Société française de photographie , in 1887 he co-founded the Société d'Excursions des Amateurs Photographes .

Albert London's 1891 12-lens camera was featured in the illustrated journal La Nature in 1892 .

bibliography

Works and writings of Albert Londe

  • 1888: La Photographie moderne, pratique et applications, par Albert Londe. G. Masson, Paris 1888
  • 1893: La Photographie médicale, application aux sciences médicales et physiologiques, par Albert Londe. Gauthier-Villars et fils, Paris 1893
  • 1899: La Radiographie et ses diverse applications, par A. Londe. Gauthier-Villars et fils, Paris 1899
  • 1905: La Photographie à l'éclair magnésique, by Albert Londe. Gauthier-Villars et fils, Paris 1905
  • 1914: La Photographie à la lumière artificielle, by Albert Londe. Octave Doin et fils, Paris 1914

literature

  • Corey Keller (eds.), Maren Gröning, Tom Gunning, Jennifer Tucker: Photography and the invisible 1840–1900, exhibition catalog of the Albertina (Vienna) , Brandstätter, 1993, third revised edition 2009, ISBN 978-3-85033-271-2 .

Web links

Commons : Albert Londe  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Who of Victorian Cinema
  2. ↑ Biography of Albert Londe in Michel Poivert, Carole Troufléau, Maison européenne de la photographie Paris, France, Société française de photographie, Le Point du jour éditeur, 2004, 223 pages, pages 198–199
  3. ^ Biography of Albert Londe in HISTORIX
  4. ^ Albert Londe Biography. Retrieved August 20, 2010 .
personal data
SURNAME Londe, Albert
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French photographer, medic and chronophotographer
DATE OF BIRTH November 26, 1858
PLACE OF BIRTH La Ciotat
DATE OF DEATH September 11, 1917
Place of death Reuil-en-Brie , Castle de Bréau near Paris, France