Alexandre Edmond Becquerel
Alexandre Edmond Becquerel (born March 24, 1820 in Paris , † May 11, 1891 ibid) was a French physicist .
Life
Alexandre Edmond Becquerel was born as the second son of Antoine César Becquerel on March 24, 1820 in Paris . He was first assistant at the natural science museum ( Muséum national d'histoire naturelle ) in Paris and taught there from 1853 as a professor, from 1853 to 1878 at the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers. In 1854 he became a founding member of the Société française de photographie . In 1880 he became president of the Académie des Sciences .
In 1839 he and his father discovered the Becquerel effect , a special type of photoelectric effect . The Becquerel Prize for achievements in the field of photovoltaics has been awarded in his honor since 1989 .
In addition to his participation in the work of his father, he carried out research in other areas, particularly on the phosphorescence of light and its chemical effects, which form an important part of his work La lumiére, ses causes et ses effets .
With the help of his phosphoroscope ( Becquerel's phosphoroscope ) he showed that phosphorescence is a general phenomenon and that phosphorescence light is only a re-output of the light previously absorbed by the bodies.
He also examined the electrical conductivity of various substances for galvanic current, the thermal effect of the current in liquids and the magnetic (discovery of the paramagnetism of liquid oxygen ) or diamagnetic properties of many substances. He has done further research on optics and electricity .
Alexandre Edmond Becquerel is the father of Nobel Prize winner Antoine Henri Becquerel .
Works
- La lumière, ses causes et ses effets , Paris, 2 volumes, 1867–1868
- Mémoires sur les lois, qui président à la décomposition électro-chimique des corps , 1849
- Recherches sur les effets électriques , 1852–55
- Des forces physico-chimiques et de leur intervention des phénomènes naturels , 1875, with atlas
literature
- JB Gough: Becquerel, Alexander-Edmond . In: Charles Coulston Gillispie (Ed.): Dictionary of Scientific Biography . tape 1 : Pierre Abailard - LS Berg . Charles Scribner's Sons, New York 1970, p. 555-556 .
Web links
- Picture by Alexandre Edmond Becquerel ( September 30, 2007 memento in the Internet Archive )
- WDR contribution - Hereditary Physics ( Memento from November 14, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- Article by / about Alexandre Edmond Becquerel in the Polytechnic Journal
- Entry for Becquerel, Alexandre Edmond (1820-1891) in the Archives of the Royal Society , London
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Becquerel, Alexandre Edmond |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Becquerel, Edmond |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French physicist |
DATE OF BIRTH | March 24, 1820 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Paris |
DATE OF DEATH | May 11, 1891 |
Place of death | Paris |