Alexei Fyodorovich Turchaninov

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Alexei Fyodorovich Turchaninov's tombstone in the Lazarus Cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in St. Petersburg

Alexei Fjodorowitsch Turtschaninow , born Wassiljew , ( Russian Алексей Фёдорович Турчанинов , maiden name Васильев ; * 1704 ; † March 21st July / April 1st  1787 greg. In St. Petersburg ) was a Russian entrepreneur and philanthropist in St. Petersburg .

Life

Alexei Wassiljew has been in the service of the Turchaninov family since childhood with increasingly responsible tasks. The founder of the Turchaninov family was the Turkish prisoner of war Filipp Trofimowitsch Turtschaninow, who came to Solikamsk after the Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681) and became a successful salt producer there. His son Michael Filippowitsch Turtschaninow continued his father's salt business and began producing copper during the Northern War . Since Mikhail Turchaninov had no son, his large fortune fell to his daughter. In 1737 she married her manager, who was not yet twenty years old, Alexei Wassiljew, who took his wife's name in order to inherit her.

Alexei Turchaninow concentrated on copper metallurgy and steadily improved the quality of the products. He supplied the imperial court and won the favor of Empress Elisabeth . Thanks to his good connections to the court, he won control of three ironworks in the Urals in 1758 against the Demidow and Stroganow families . From the government he bought the Gumjoschew copper mine in Polewskoi and the three ironworks in Polewskoi, Sever and Syssert , which formed the beginning of the promising mountain region of Syssert, for a total of 145,500 rubles . He turned out to be a capable entrepreneur. He modernized and expanded production by manufacturing not only primary materials and sheet metal, but also end products, especially household goods such as irons. The review by the Mining Commission in 1776 gave a positive result.

Turchaninow had the residents supplied with free construction and firewood. The workers had one month of paid vacation a year. Medicines, medical care and school attendance were free. In Syssert he set up a zoo , a botanical winter garden , a mineralogical and archaeological museum and a scientific library . He founded several settlements in the Urals.

On Turchaninov's initiative, the extraction and artistic processing of malachite began . The great demand for works of art contributed greatly to the company's profits. During the Pugachev uprising of 1773-1775, he put fortifications around his works, armed the workers and led the defense against the insurgents attacking in excess so successfully that they could not penetrate to Yekaterinburg . For this, Turtschaninow was raised to the hereditary nobility by Catherine II in 1783 with a silver heron in the coat of arms, which was then the trademark on the products of the mountain region Syssert and can also be seen on the coat of arms of the city of Syssert.

Turchaninov's grave is in the Lazarus Cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Convent in St. Petersburg. His fortune was divided between his second wife Filiziata Stefanowna (1740-1822) and his 8 children. The eldest son Alexei (1766-1839) married Alexandra Stepanova Yermolajewa, who after the divorce flew with her second husband André-Jacques Garnerin in 1804 as the first Russian balloonist over Moscow's Red Square . The third daughter Jelisaveta (1774-1827) married the major general and composer Alexei Nikolajewitsch Titow . Pjotr ​​Andrejewitsch Kleinmichel , Pawel Dmitrijewitsch Solomirski and Vladimir Dmitrijewitsch Solomirski were grandsons of Turchaninov .

Web links

Commons : Turchaninov family  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Alexei Fyodorovich Turchaninov's grave  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Полевской край: историко-краеведческий сборник . 1st edition. Изд-во Уралтрейд, Yekaterinburg 1998 ( urbibl.ru [accessed October 7, 2017]).
  2. ↑ Правительство Свердловской области: Историческая справка (accessed October 7, 2017).
  3. ↑ a b c Ирина Мудрова: Русские предприниматели. Двигатели прогресса . Litres, 2017, ISBN 978-5-457-87595-1 .
  4. ↑ Е. Е. Приказчикова: КАМЕННАЯ СИЛА МЕДНЫХ ГОР УРАЛА . In: Izvestiya of the Ural State University . tape 28 , no. 12 , 2003, p. 11–23 ( urfu.ru [PDF; accessed October 7, 2017]).
  5. ↑ Alexei Turchaninov . In: Urals . No. 6 , 1991, pp. 156 (Russian).
personal data
SURNAME Turchaninow, Alexei Fyodorowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wassiljew, Alexei Fjodorowitsch (maiden name); Турчанинов, Алексей Фёдорович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian entrepreneur and philanthropist
DATE OF BIRTH 1704
DATE OF DEATH April 1, 1787
Place of death St. Petersburg