The genus Alphapapillomavirus combines viruses from the family Papillomaviridae , whose gene for the viral E5 protein ( English early protein 5 ) is highly conserved within this group. This differentiates them from papilloma viruses with a bovine E5 variant or without an E5 protein. The E5 protein interacts with the cellular EGF receptor during virus replication . Members of the genus mainly infect the oral and anogenital mucosa in humans and other primates ( chimpanzees , bonobos , rhesus monkeys ). Among them are the most important human papilloma viruses (HPV). The genus Alphapapillomavirus is the most species-rich within the family and is phylogenetically closest to the genus Betapapillomavirus .
A new virus isolate in polar bears is very close to the genus Alphapapillomavirus . A phylogenetically very archaic genome sequence closely related to the genus showed an isolate in domestic pigs . However, both isolates have not yet been provisionally classified as species of the genus.
Systematics
The systematics of the genus Alphapapillomavirus has since been reorganized ( ICTV as of November 2018) into species names Alphapapillomavirus 1 to 14 . Here is the previous taxonomy:
E.-M. de Villiers et al .: Genus Alphapapillomavirus . In: CM Fauquet, MA Mayo et al. : Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses . London, San Diego, 2005 pp. 243ff ISBN 0-12-249951-4
Peter M. Howley , Douglas R. Lowy: Papillomaviruses . In: David M. Knipe, Peter M. Howley (eds.-in-chief): Fields' Virology . 5th edition, Volume 2, Philadelphia 2007, pp. 2299ff ISBN 0-7817-6060-7
↑ H. Stevens et al. : Novel papillomavirus isolated from the oral mucosa of a polar bear does not cluster with other papillomaviruses of carnivores . Vet. Microbiol. (2008) 129 (1-2): pp. 108-116 PMID 18215475
↑ H. Stevens et al. : Isolation and cloning of two variant papillomaviruses from domestic pigs: Sus scrofa papillomaviruses type 1 variants a and b. J. Gen. Virol. (2008) 89 (Pt 10): pp. 2475-2481 PMID 18796716