Alt St. Martin (Bamberg)

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The Alt St. Martin church in Bamberg was a Gothic church from the 14th / 15th centuries. Century. It stood on Maxplatz and was demolished in the course of secularization in 1805.

View of the parish church Alt St. Martin before the demolition, pen drawing by Casper J. Stahl, 1804

history

The church called Alt St. Martin today came from the 14th / 15th centuries. Century and was a Gothic church with a tower room in the tower . In addition to the upper parish , the church of St. Martin also housed a tower keeper. The Bambergers also called it the Lower Parish , as a counterpart to the Upper Parish of Our Lady . According to current research, it is assumed that there must have been two previous buildings. The last excavations in 1969 during the construction of an underground car park occupied foundations from 1340, whereby one can assume an even older date, since in old writings as early as 1312 there was a "vicus dictus retro S. Martinum" ("village behind St. Martin" ) was spoken. At the beginning this was probably behind the city wall at that time and was only included in the 15th century.

Secularization, relocation and demolition

The bishopric of Bamberg was occupied by Bavarian troops in September 1802 as compensation for left-Rhenish areas lost to France and taken over by the Electorate of Bavaria . On February 25, 1803, the Reichstag in Regensburg approved the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , which, among other things, subsequently approved the annexation of the Bamberg Monastery by Bavaria . One consequence of these changes was secularization , which also meant a major turning point in the religious life of Bamberg. On August 22, 1803, the electoral government expelled the university church of the parish of Alt-St. Martin to limit the "too great dispersion of the worship service in the unnecessarily multiplied churches". Objections on the part of the curate Limmer to a reference to the university church remained ineffective, and so the parish moved on September 25, 1803 from the Martinskirche to the former Jesuit church " To the Holy Name of Jesus ".

Excerpt from the Zweidler plan from 1602 with the abandoned Martinskirche on what was later to become Maxplatz.

Many parts of the church furnishings were transferred to the new parish church, such as the high altar painting, bells, organ, paraments and Vasa Sacra . A Pietà , a Vespers image from the early 14th century, was transferred to the right side altar of today's St. Martin's Church. Also traditional devotions and those at Alt-St. Martin-based brotherhoods received a home in the new church. The tower keeper of Alt St. Martin now also performed his office in the new church.

The old church was demolished in 1805 and the Jesuit church was renamed St. Martin ; the former Martinskirche has been popularly called Alt St. Martin ever since .

Burial places

The parish church of St. Martin housed numerous grave monuments of auxiliary bishops of the Bamberg diocese and other ecclesiastical dignitaries. During a devastating flood on 27./28. In February 1784 the graves in the church collapsed and were badly damaged. The burials in the churchyard by the church, which are mentioned for the first time in 1311, were banned in the course of public hygiene measures in 1801 by a prince-bishop's decree. Under the former Nikolauskapelle, which was located at the end wall of the cemetery, there was an ossuary (Karner). It is worth mentioning that the cemetery of the collegiate church no longer offered sufficient burial space due to the plague year of 1564. For this reason it was decided in 1565 to create a cemetery at the Frauensiechhof in Hallstadter Straße. The last signs of the old cemetery wall can still be seen in the form of two stone vases on pedestals that flank Maxplatz.

Bells

According to current knowledge, five bells from the ringing of the Old Martinskirche are still preserved or known. These were taken over into the new Martinskirche when it was demolished :

Guardian angel or Martin bell
  • Percussive H ° + 1
  • Diameter : 1.785 m
  • Weight : approx. 3300 kg
  • Cast : 1628 by Johannes Kopp in Forchheim (Auxiliary Bishop Friedrich Förner gave 200 florins to the total cost of 2011 fl!)
  • Yoke : former oak wood yoke with the inscriptions “1. 7th 9. 5. Joseph Gruber ”,“ 1897 Lotter ”and“ 1933 Lotter ”replaced by Stahljoch; the historical yoke is preserved.
  • Coat of arms : Office coat of arms of Prince-Bishop Johann Georg II. Fuchs von Dornheim , coat of arms of Auxiliary Bishop Friedrich Förner;
  • Relief : St. Martin as bishop with the beggar and guardian angel with a child Inscriptions : “+ S. ANGELVS. CVSTOS. OMNIVM. ET. SINGVLORVM. INCOLARVM. CIVITATIS. BAMBERGENSIS 1628 / + EXVRGAT. DEVS. ET. DISSIPENTVR. INIMICI. EIVS. ET. FVGIANT. QVI. ORVNT. EVM. A. FACIE. EIVS. SANCTE - DEVS. SANCTE FORTIS SANCTE. ET. IMMORTALIS. MISERERE NOBIS ”“ IOHANES. KOPP. GOSS. / ME. ZV. VORCHEIM / 1628 IESVS NAZARENVS REX IVDAE ORVM TITVLS TRIVMPHALIS LIBERET NOS AB OMNIBVS MALIS ECCE CRVCEM + DOMINI FVGITE PARTES ADVERSAE VICIT LEO DE TRIBV IVDA DAV RADIXID ALLELVIA ”.
  • Special feature : After the Heinrichs bell from 1311 in Bamberg Cathedral, it is considered to be the most beautiful sounding in town with a reverberation of 200 seconds!
Pastoral care bell (Pro cura animarum)
  • Strike tone : c¹ ± 0
  • Diameter : 1.505 m
  • Weight : approx. 200 kg
  • Cast : 1700 by Johann Conrad Roth in Forchheim
  • Yoke : Wooden yoke replaced by steel yoke in 1983
  • Relief : St. Otto, St. Martin as a bishop with a beggar and the Maria-Hilf picture
  • Inscriptions: “IN THE YEAR 1700 THESE BELLS WAS MADE BY THE CHURCH IN THE MIDDLE AND WAS DOCTOR IOHANN SERIOUSLY SCHVBERT AT THE TIME. VIC. GENER. DEGANT BEY S. IACOB PARISH GUARD BEY. S. MARTIN - MR. BVRGERMEISTER IOHANN IACOB ZVBER STIFTVNGS PFLEGER MR. BVRGERMEISTER VND OBEREINAMBS PAY MASTER IOHANN GEORG WAGNER FABRIC PFLEGER DVRCH THE FEVER AM I FLOSSEN / IOHANN CONRAD ROTH HADEN "ME / IOHANN CONRAD ROTHBADEN"
12 o'clock bell
  • Strike tone : G sharp ¹ + 7
  • Diameter : 0.935 m
  • Weight : approx. 450 kg
  • Cast : 1700 by Johann Conrad Roth in Forchheim
  • Yoke : historic wooden yoke
  • Relief : angel heads, tendrils, fruit pendants, Vespers picture
  • Inscriptions : “IN THE YEAR 1700 THESE BELLS WERE MADE BY CHURCHES IN THE MEDIUM WAS THEN. MR . DOCTOR: /: IOHANN ERNST SCHVBERT VIC. GENER. DEGANT BEY S. IACOB VND PARISH VERWESER BEY. S. MARTIN IOHANN CONRADH RODH HAD / ME CASTED IN VORCHEIM "
Fire bell

This bell served the island city as a fire and alarm bell, which was rung by the tower keeper. It hangs separately at the top of the lantern; In 1945 it jumped under artillery fire and was therefore shut down.

  • Strike tone :?
  • Diameter : 1.32 m
  • Weight :?
  • Casting : probably mid-14th century, possibly Nuremberg foundry?
  • Yoke :?
  • Relief : not available
  • Inscriptions : "I * RUEF * WITH * MY * CLANG * ARM * VND * REICH * ZV * SAMM * ZV * FEVER * VND * ZV * NOTEN * SCHEDLEICH * LEVT * SCHOL * MAN * TOTEN"
New bell
  • Strike note : h¹ + 3
  • Diameter : 0.808 m
  • Weight : approx. 300 kg
  • Cast : 1700 by Johann Conrad Roth in Forchheim
  • Yoke : wooden yoke, dated 1814
  • Relief : tendril frieze, fruit hangings, Vespers picture
  • Inscriptions : “1700 HR: BVRGER MEISTER IOHANN IACOB ZVBER STIFTVNGS PFLEGER. / MR. BVRGER MEISTER VND OBEREINAMBS PAYMASTER IOHANN GEORG WAGNER FABRIC PFLEGER IOHANN CONRADH RODH HAD / ME CAST IN VORCHHEIM "

Location today

Today the square is undeveloped and offers space for festivals, markets and the Bamberg Christmas market. An attempt to depict the contours of the former Martinskirche in the pavement has so far failed.

The Catholic parish of St. Martin today has around 6,000 members.

Alt St. Martinskirche, on the right in the picture (letter F) in a color version by Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg

literature

  • Ulrich Knefelkamp (ed.): Diverse Bamberg - a city history. Verlag Fränkischer Tag, Bamberg, 2008, ISBN 978-3-936897-59-3 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ st.-martin-bamberg.de: St. Martin , accessed on October 26, 2018.
  2. ↑ bells. Förderverein St. Martin Bamberg, accessed on October 14, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Holy angel, protector of all and individual inhabitants of the city of Bamberg 1628 / May God arise, and let his enemies be scattered and let those who hate him flee from his face - holy God, holy strong God, holy immortal God, Have mercy on us
  4. ↑ Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews, this triumphant title frees us from all evils - See the cross of the Lord, your opponent flees - The lion from the tribe of Judah, the root David, Alleluia wins

Coordinates: 49 ° 53 ′ 40.3 "  N , 10 ° 53 ′ 21.4"  E