Old Synagogue (Bad Kreuznach)

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The old synagogue of Bad Kreuznach in Fährgasse 2 (formerly: "Kleine Eselsgass") was mentioned as early as 1482 as a " Jewish school ", then mentioned for the first time in 1715 at this point. In 1737 a new baroque building followed, and in 1844 it was renovated.

history

Late Middle Ages: "Jewish School"

Three synagogues are occupied for Bad Kreuznach. The oldest is from the late Middle Ages. As reported in the 15th century a Hebrew Source: "The synagogue, the woman synagogue, the home of the synagogue servant and the mikveh were located in a building complex." The late medieval "Jewish school" stood in the same place as the Nachfolgebauten.

1737: Baroque "splendid building"

The synagogue built in Fährgasse was a baroque “splendid building”.

Exterior architecture

It was a plastered building, within a row of houses. The prayer room rested on a high basement. The northeast side of the synagogue was on the street side (Fährgasse). This was traufständig to Fährgasse and showed two high rectangular window and a small oculus in the central axis. In the central axis there was also the portal over which the year of construction of the synagogue “1737” was shown in Hebrew numerals based on the Hebrew alphabet . In the eastern axis there were two smaller rectangular windows one above the other. They indicated a two-story vestibule. One reached this anteroom through the immediately adjoining parish hall. From here a staircase led to the gallery.

Interior design

The prayer room was spanned by a two-bay cross vault, the ribs of which rested on consoles. The vault ribs, like the shield arches, were painted ornamentally. The two-story Aron Ha-Kodesch was made of marble and was flanked in the main zone by columns and volutes . On the entablature rested a two-zone, volute extract with a central medallion as the background of the Ner Tamid . The curtain was embroidered with branches of flowers and a bow- shaped crown . To the left of the Aron Ha-Kodesch was a massive, golden menorah . In 1935 the Bad Kreuznach synagogue was granted the status of a cultural monument. The status was also granted to her after the Second World War.

End of the old synagogue

In the November pogrom of 1938 , the interior of the synagogue was desecrated. After a month, the mill owner Thress bought the old synagogue, who submitted a building application on August 5, 1939, according to which it was intended to be converted for residential and storage purposes. In 1943 the building served as a prisoner of war camp. In World War II destroyed, was in 1950 still a part of the perimeter, which was canceled in 1953/54 except for one wall remaining. In 1975 the last remains were removed. A plaque with an inscription was attached:

“The synagogue of the Jewish Community of Bad Kreuznach has stood here since 1737. It was destroyed by fire on the night of November 8th to 9th, 1938. This plaque was put up in memory of our fellow Jewish citizens who were expelled or killed during the years of the Third Reich. Council and citizenship of the city of Bad Kreuznach. "

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Stefan Fischerbach, Ingrid Westerhoff: Synagogues Rhineland-Palatinate / Saarland . Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2005, ISBN 3-8053-3313-7 , p. 88 (published by the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate with the State Conservatory Office of Saarland and the Synagogue Memorial Jerusalem).
  2. ^ Stefan Fischerbach, Ingrid Westerhoff: Synagogues Rhineland-Palatinate / Saarland . Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2005, ISBN 3-8053-3313-7 , p. 88 (published by the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate with the State Conservatory Office of Saarland and the Synagogue Memorial Jerusalem).

literature

  • Stefan Fischerbach, Ingrid Westerhoff: Synagogues Rhineland-Palatinate / Saarland . Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2005, ISBN 3-8053-3313-7 , p. 87–90 (published by the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate with the State Conservation Office of the Saarland and the Synagogue Memorial Jerusalem).
  • The Jewish synagogues in the Bad Kreuznach district . Bad Kreuznach 1988, p. 28 (published by the Bad Kreuznach district administration).
  • Martin Senner: Small story of Zelemochum . Bad Kreuznach 2002 (From Museums and Archives No. 3).
  • Werner Knopp: Statistical materials on the history of the Jewish population . tape 5 of the publications of the Rhineland-Palatinate State Archives Administration, vol. 18. Koblenz 1995.
  • The Jewish synagogues in the Bad Kreuznach district . Bad Kreuznach 1988, p. 15-17 (published by the Bad Kreuznach district administration).
  • Sylvia Zacharias: Synagogengemeinden 1933. A guide to their traces in the Federal Republic of Germany Part I . , . No. 467 . Berlin 1988 (publisher is the Association for the Care of Jewish Cultural Heritage in Germany).
  • Hermann Arnold: The Jewish synagogues in the Bad Kreuznach district . Bad Kreuznach 1967, p. 12, 14 (published by the Bad Kreuznach district administration).
  • State Center for Civic Education Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Memorials for the victims of National Socialism in Rhineland-Palatinate . Mainz 1991, p. 16 f . (2nd expanded and revised edition).
  • Ulrike Puvogel / Martin Stankowski with the assistance of Ursula Graf: Memorials for the victims of National Socialism in Rhineland-Palatinate . Mainz 1995, p. 650 f . (State Center for Civic Education Rhineland-Palatinate [Hrsg.]).
  • Walter Zimmermann (editor): The art monuments of the Kreuznach district. The historical monuments of the Rhine Province 18.I . Düsseldorf 1935 (reprint 1985).
  • Jacobs: History of the Jews in Bad Kreuznach . In: Public Gazette . No. 81 , 1928, pp. 86 f .
  • Irmgard K. Kuhlmann: The Kreuznach synagogue before demolition after the Second World War . In: Naheland calendar . 1998, p. 207 f .

Coordinates: 49 ° 50 ′ 40.9 "  N , 7 ° 51 ′ 35.3"  E