Altenhammer (Flossenbürg)
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Altenhammer
community Flossenburg
Coordinates: 49 ° 43 ′ 51 ″ N , 12 ° 19 ′ 32 ″ E
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| Height : | 538 m above sea level NN |
| Postal code : | 92696 |
| Area code : | 09603 |
Altenhammer is a part of the municipality of Flossenbürg in the Neustadt an der Waldnaab district in Bavaria .
geography
Altenhammer is located between the Floß market and the municipality of Flossenbürg, which are about 4 and 2 km away. The Czech border is about 6 km as the crow flies.
A special feature is the dual administration of Altenhammer. The course of the Gaisweiher , a popular swimming and camping spot in Flossenbürg, is called Gaisbach and flows through the middle of the village. The boundaries of the two administrative areas run precisely along this natural borderline, which is why one speaks of the “divided” Altenhammer. The properties on the east side of the Gaisbach belong to Flossenbürg, while those on the west side belong to Floß. In addition, a district of the market, Floß-Tannenweg , is directly attached to Altenhammer.
Other neighborhoods of Altenhammer are the Gaismühle in the north, Flossenbürg in the east and the Rückersmühle in the southeast. All three districts belong to the municipality of Flossenbürg. The following districts are part of the Floß market: Würzelbrunn in the south, Plankenhammer in the southwest and Gosen in the west.
Altenhammer itself can be divided into four areas: the Kleeberg at the northeastern end of the village, the Kapellenberg at the southeastern end, the former Waffenhammer in the southwest and in the center of the village.
history
First mention and historical development up to the 17th century
The first mention of the village comes from the year 1280, when there is talk of a "hamer Vnder Flozz". There are still sources from 1374 from Neuburg, which also refer to Altenhammer: "[...] Ulrichs Heckel's sales letter to Floß, Besagent called his Hamerstat on the water floss [...]". In the Upper Palatinate hammer cleaning of 1387, "Hans Wagner, with the hamer to raft" is mentioned. On August 31, 1448, Duke Ludwig of Bavaria-Landshut gave his Hammerstatt, located under the Floß Castle, called zum Altenhammer, to Wastian Oettenhuber , so that he could turn the hammer into a rail hammer .
Around 1580 the hammer is in a desert location, because in the tax book of the market and court Floß it says: Hannß Müllner Bestanntt's owner of the Ödenn Hamers pays taxes on his Varnus ... 1 fl . After the list of citizens to raft and Flossenburg on May 4, 1585 is on the Alltter Hamer of the inventory holder (= tenant) Bartl Eschennwegkh († 1601) called, he did this by his father Niclass Eschenbeck seel. accepted. In the fief book of the rulership of Floß from 1594–1610, the same tenant still speaks of the dreary old hammer , in 1598 he built a cutting mill here. In 1626 Hannß Widenman is the owner, in 1640 and 1652 Hannß Huzler († 1688) is mentioned here as the owner of a mill with two courses and a cutting mill . The hammer existed again after the Thirty Years' War , because in the Salbuch of the Regional Court Parkstein, Weiden and the two offices of Vohenstrauss and Flossenbürg, "vidim September 28, 1658" it says about the Nyderhammer zue raft: item the egenant Hamer has only been discovered and host give anno ect. 18 4 pounds pfennigs. The next owner of the Altenhammer is the hammer master from Plankenhammer , Georg Frank († 1689). On November 18, 1695, Georg Urban exchanged his Altenhammer for the Blendersmühle near Floß from Count Palatine Christian August , who had a new factory built here. It says in a certificate:
" According to the most sublime prince [...], Christiano Augusto, [...] in Bavaria, Duke [...] humbly indicated that he [...] was heard as if his high prince." Your Serene Highness willing to have a hammer mill set up in the Flossenbürg care office and that his brother Mühle, an old, exempt hammer property, had been suggested. [...]
If an exchange with the Hochfürstl. Blendersmühl would like to become popular, Urban would be willing to negotiate at Altenhammer. "
Historical development since 1700
On March 1, 1696, the Altenhammer was handed over to the hammer overseer Wolff Bantzer . In 1700 the princely court chamber in Sulzbach considered building a blast furnace in Altenhammer , but this project failed due to a deterioration in the situation in the iron industry. According to reports from the Princely Nursing Office in Flossenbürg, Altenhammer recorded "6 families, including 4 Inleut" at that time. The latter are comparable to residents without their own property, such as workers, day laborers or shepherds. In 1771 there were already "7 families, including a polisher, two blacksmiths, two grinders, a carpenter, a coal burner and an armorer".
Around 1705/06 one hears from the councilor Kaspar Sperl , who has taken on the obligation to move the iron from the hammer and for this received a ducal salt monopoly. A Daniel Sperl leased the Altenhammer economic estate in 1709, and he also acquired a ducal salt monopoly , as he undertook to ship the iron produced by the hammer downriver to the Danube and bring back the precious salt from there. In 1718 you can find Johann Daniel Sperl , who in 1724 also received the lease for the commercial operations in Altenhammer.
In 1756 one hears from a Georg Niclas Sperl († 1754), who complained against the armorer Balthasar Zettl , because he did hammer work. The government in Sulzbach then confiscated anvil and a smith hammer from the Zettl . But after he was able to prove that his predecessors had already melted and sold old iron and that he had paid all taxes, his tool was returned to him on July 30, 1756 by a "gracious resolution". The weapons Hammer was in fact on August 6, 1726 by Duke Theodore Eustace for 60 fl to the hoof and armorer Balthasar Altrenöder a plot of land for the building of an armory. This “district” of Altenhammer was popularly called the Waffenhammer , which is said to have helped the owners to prosperity in a short time. The saying came up: "With every blow of the hammer a cruiser in the master's pocket." On May 3, 1826, the gun hammer from the gang mass of the armorer Simon Zettl was bought by Franz Friedrich Bernhard von Sperl from the Altenhammer Sperl estate for 2,600 fl.
The beginning of independence
Until the beginning of the 18th century, the residents of Altenhammer still had to cede labor services to Flossenbürg and Parkstein :
“ Finally the Hochfürstl has to go to the Sägmühl. A number of boards are cut annually for half the wages or 4 days with the wide hoe Scharwerk to the house Flossenbürg. "
However, this changed in 1734. The owners had the opportunity to buy the Altenhammer - or Sperlhammer , as it was now colloquially known - with all special rights and privileges from the indebted Sulzbach duke. The purchase, of which the following contract is handed down, is as follows:
" We, by God's grace, Karl Philipp, [...] in Bavaria Duke [...], hereby announce [...] that after We [...] to some repayment of the [...] debts for found to be advisable to sell one and other goods and properties, including the hammer mill ob Floß, and the current owner of this hammer mill, Nikolaus Sperl, duly reported and stated the buyer as a buyer [...], decided and gave him all the above available for sale as follows [...] as follows. [...] The buyer is supposed to pay 9000 guilders purchase schilling for all of the above in such a way that he pays 7000 guilders in cash and pays the remaining 2000 guilders in full in the coming days of All Saints Day [...]. Just as the 7000 guilders have already been paid in cash and without any disposal, so the buyer is also legally acknowledged in the best form [...], quiet possession is really set [...]. We have graciously approved and confirmed the current purchase and / or receipt [...] letter in a document, and we have also provided these to the buyer. So it was given and happened in Sulzbach, July 13th, after Christ our only Redeemer and Savior, the gracious birth of the one thousand seven hundred and thirty-fourth year. "
The Sperl family received the lower jurisdiction , the fishing and hunting rights, were allowed to damming streams and digging trenches, no servant was allowed to enter the local boundary without their consent, they were only obliged to obey the government,
From the iron hammer to the mirror loop
In the course of time the Upper Palatinate iron industry lost more and more ground to the English and Rhenish ones , and the situation in the now stately Altenhammer estate deteriorated more and more. Therefore, attempts were made to save the Altenhammer for a short time by switching to polishing glass from 1740 . Nicolaus Sperl had received permission to set up a glass loop. In 1740 a mirror manufacturer named Christoph Wiesender and the foreman Georg Wolfgang Siegelin worked here with journeymen. In 1755 the mansion was completed.
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In 1782 Niclas Sperl († 1784) handed over his estate to his son Franz Friedrich Bernhard (* 1751). In 1808 Bernhard Sperl lost the lower jurisdiction after the judicial reform. In 1829 he was raised to the nobility. He also bought the gun hammer for the old hammer. In 1820 Georg Friedrich von Sperl , who had received the Altenhammer from his father, exchanged it with Johann Christoph Bernhard von Sperl from Hammer Trevesen .
In the original cadastre from 1841, Christoph von Sperl is named as the hammer property owner . Here he has a grinding / cutting mill, the justice for a blast furnace, a Zain and two stick hammers . He took over the business from his parents, Franz Bernhard and Christiane von Sperl , for 25,000 fl .
Under his successor, Heinrich Christian von Sperl , the ruin of the ironworks could no longer be stopped, and the business collapsed completely with the construction of the Maxhütte . In 1880 there was a foreclosure auction at which the Steinhardt Brothers Sons company based in Floß bought the Altenhammer. The company enjoyed aid from wealthy private citizen Johann Meissner for the first decade. He was initially a co-owner of the Altenhammer, but got out again after the first year. From this point on, the hammer mill was forever out of order. The company operated extensive grinding and polishing works, a mirror glass factory, a grinding and sawmill, large quarries and agriculture. Almost every house on the Gaisbach was converted into a glass ribbon or foreman. Business went very well and deliveries were even made abroad.
Building applications submitted by Steinhardt:
| date | assignment |
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| May 15, 1922 | Construction of a stable and grinding building |
| 17th August 1923 | Construction of a grinding and polishing plant |
| July 20, 1923 | Construction of a forge with an apartment |
| January 20, 1925 | Construction of a workers' house |
In 1928 the glass no longer met the quality requirements due to neglect. The company got into financial difficulties. The last attempt to keep the company was to found a stock corporation , but in the end it could not be saved and finally had to file for bankruptcy in 1931 .
In 1933 Walter Obavsky acquired the factory building in the center of the village and set up a factory for the manufacture of cellophane sausage casings . This operation was partly considered a test operation and was financially supported by the Reich government. The inadequately treated wastewater that accrued destroyed the entire, previously very rich fish population of the raft stream that flows through Altenhammer. This factory had to give way to road construction in 1981 because it had been shut down and dilapidated for many years.
After Altenhammer was sold again, the already established streams with their steep gradients were used to generate electricity by installing turbines with generators. This resulted in the Kleeberg and Waffenhammer power plants . The latter was supplied with water through the construction of the new “Werkbach” in 1935, with the saw antlers serving as a water reservoir. The glass and polishing works were shut down. It was they who initiated the loss of sole ownership from 1280 onwards. The first houses were already sold in the late 1930s. In 1934 Messrs. Krapf and Trinklein from Weiden bought the Altenhammer.
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The new manor house was converted into an inn in 1936, thus relocating the restaurant license from the former “Nägerwirtshaus” to the converted manor house. This means that the liquor license, which was granted in 1721, could now be used profitably. After the innkeeper Heinrich Güntner had leased the inn for 2 years, he bought it on January 16, 1939.
After selling more houses, many quarries also changed hands. At that time, these formed the main livelihood of the population.
From December 1944 to 16 April 1945 during World War II, there was a concentration camp of the SS as a satellite camp of Flossenburg in place. In the last years of the war, part of the Regensburg Messerschmitt factory was relocated to Flossenbürg, with a production facility in Altenhammer also being built to build the Messerschmitt Bf 109 . It had its own siding. However, this hall was demolished immediately after the war. The siding there was used as a loading station for stones and other goods until the tracks were dismantled. In March 1945, 618 prisoners worked for Messerschmitt and another 22 for the Scientific Department .
In 1948 Walter Obavsky leased the electricity works from the company Krapf und Trinklein, but had to give it up after a year due to lack of water. In 1951 the company Krapf and Trinklein also had to file for bankruptcy. Then in 1953 the merchant Xaver Männer from Cham acquired the electricity works with the associated ponds, water rights and streams. Due to the bankruptcy of the Krapf und Trinklein company, the Altenhammer's own hunting rights were also lost and were incorporated into the Flossenbürg community hunt.
In 1955, the former steam works building was rebuilt and leased to the Schulte & Schmidt light metal foundry from Nuremberg. In 1976, the Schulte & Schmidt company expanded its business due to strong expansion and built a new factory building on the former station area in Flossenbürg. The last industrial company left Altenhammer.
The railway in Altenhammer
On May 28, 1898, the Steinhardt Brothers asked the Royal Ministry of State for approval of preliminary technical work for a local Raft – Flossenbürg railway, at which the “Altenhammer stop” should be reached at kilometer 5. However, the application turned out to be unsuccessful and was rejected because the costs were too high.
On September 21, 1902, the municipality of Flossenbürg submitted a second request on the grounds that the traffic between Raft and Flossenbürg was getting stronger and stronger, so that a railway line had become an indispensable need. However, this attempt also failed; so was the third application submitted to the state government on April 12, 1904.
On November 7, 1906, the municipality of Floß repeated their request for the construction of the railway, and the Steinhardt company wrote on November 16 that they intended to build a new factory in Altenhammer that would send 1,500 wagons a year. 25 to 30 wagons of coal and other materials would be needed for this operation every day. After a further check and cost calculation, the railway could then be built. After its completion, the Floß – Flossenbürg railway was inaugurated on May 1, 1913.
In 1959 the passenger traffic was stopped due to unprofitability; the complete shutdown of the railway took place on May 27, 1973. A little later, the track systems were dismantled and the land was sold.
economy
Granite mining is the predominant branch of industry in Altenhammer ; however, the quality of the rock is known nationwide . Outside the village there is a quarry and within Altenhammer there is the granite processing plant belonging to the factory.
literature
- Heinrich Günther: The "old hammer". In Adolf Wolfgang Schuster : History of the community Flossenbürg. Volume 2, pp. 282-309. Flossenbürg community, Flossenbürg 1990.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Adolf Wolfgang Schuster : History of the community Flossenbürg. Volume 1, p. 86. Flossenbürg Municipality, Flossenbürg 1990.
- ^ Adolf Wolfgang Schuster: 100 Years of the Floss. For the local festival of the Floß market in the Upper Palatinate Forest. Marktgemeinde Floß, Floß 1976, pp. 87-88.
- ^ Adolf Wolfgang Schuster, 1990, p. 225.
- ^ Adolf Wolfgang Schuster, 1990, pp. 238, 264 and 292.
- ^ Adolf Wolfgang Schuster, 1990, p. 124.
- ^ Adolf Wolfgang Schuster, 1990, p. 488.
- ^ Adolf Wolfgang Schuster, 1990, p. 592.
- ^ Website of the Flossenbürg Concentration Camp Memorial , accessed on July 6, 2016.
Altenhammer | Flossenbürg | Gaismühle | Hildweinsreuth | Rückersmühle | Rumpelbach | Sankt Ötzen