Gun hammer (hammer forge)

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At the armourer's, picture by Hendricus Johannes Scheeres from 1859
Armorer by Carl von Häberlin , picture around 1911

A weapon hammer is an iron- working hammer mill in which either weapons (for example armor , rifles, swords , sabers , epee blades , halberds , bayonets , spears) or iron tools (such as scythes , shovels, chains, plows or axes) were produced. In this context, the term arsenal is used when the focus is on the manufacture of equipment. Gun hammers are only mentioned in the late Middle Ages.

The blacksmiths working in the gun hammers specialized in certain products, e.g. For example, the armourer in the manufacture of blades, mail shirts or shields , the gunsmith in firearms , the armorer in armor , armor and helmets , the scythe smith in scythes and sickles or in a nail hammer, iron was forged into nails.

Spread and examples

Even in villages there were hammer mills that were used as gun hammers, among other things. In Bärenstein , for example, there is evidence of the (small) hammer built by Georg Meyer in 1667 after purchasing a corresponding piece of land. Meyer was a blacksmith, armor, armor and armorer. Also under his son (hammer master, gunsmith and armorer) Andreas Meyer (1709–1747) and his successors Johann Friedrich Schmiedel (1748–1752), Johann Wilhelm Schott and his wife Eva Barbara Schott, born. Meyer (1752–1783) was the Bärensteiner hammer mill until 1783 a. a. used as a gun hammer.

The Beratzhausen hammer mill became famous because Wolfram von Eschenbach already particularly praised the “Blechsturmhausen von Beratzhausen”. The hammer at Schönhofen was also operated as a gun hammer at times. In the yearbooks of mining and metallurgy from 1815, the Leopold hammer, the hammer from Wellerthal near Blumenthal (Selb) , the Wendenhammer near Hebanz and the Dürrweider weapon hammer are named as weapon hammers in the Bayreuth area . In the topographical-statistical handbook of the Kingdom of Bavaria published in 1867, places called Waffenhammer in the district offices of Deggendorf , Kemnath , Neunburg vorm Wald , Neustadt an der Waldnaab , Lichtenfels , Stadtsteinach ( in the municipality of Wildenstein ), Teuschnitz and Wunsiedel were mentioned.

literature

  • Ress, Franz Michael (1950). History and economic importance of the Upper Palatinate iron industry from the beginning up to the time of the 30-year war. Publishing house of the Historical Association of Upper Palatinate and Regensburg, Regensburg 1950.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Christoph Adelung: Grammatical-Critical Dictionary of High German Dialect , pp. 1331-1332
  2. Waffenhammer in Economic Encyclopedia (1773-1858) by JG Krünitz
  3. keyword stuff hammer in German Dictionary by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. 16 vols. In 32 partial volumes. Leipzig 1854–1961.
  4. Ress, Franz Michael (1950). History and economic importance of the Upper Palatinate iron industry from the beginning up to the time of the 30-year war. Publishing house of the Historical Association of Upper Palatinate and Regensburg, Regensburg 1950, p. 53.
  5. Grammatical-Critical Dictionary of High German Dialect
  6. Sven Rinmann: Instructions for the knowledge of the coarser iron and steel finishing and their improvement. Christian Friedrich Wappler, Vienna 1790, p. 93ff.
  7. Gottfried Schlegel, Hellmut Frank: Ortschronik Bärenstein. Blacksmiths, forges and the hammer mill in Bärenstein. In: Bärensteiner information and news bulletin - edition 1/2011. Pp. 6–7 , accessed on March 13, 2020 .
  8. Gottfried Schlegel, Hellmut Frank: Ortschronik Bärenstein. Blacksmiths, forges and the hammer mill in Bärenstein. In: Bärensteiner information and news sheet - issue 4/2011. Pp. 7–9 , accessed on March 13, 2020 .
  9. ^ Franz Michael Ress (1950), pp. 12 and 17.
  10. ^ Karl Erenbert Freiherr von Moll (ed.): Yearbooks of mining and metallurgy. Volume 3. Steinische Buchhandlung, Nuremberg 1815, pp. 75ff.
  11. ^ Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary-artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, p. (Reg.) 211 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized version ).