Amato Lusitano

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Amato Lusitano (Latinized Amatus Lusitanus ), actually João Rodrigues de Castelo Branco , also Juan Rodrigo de Castel (o) -Branco (* 1511 in Castelo Branco , † 1568 in Thessaloniki ), was a Portuguese doctor and botanist. He is considered one of the discoverers of the blood circulation .

Monument to Amato Lusitano in his native town Castelo Branco .

Life

Amato Lusitano was born in 1511 in a Marran (Jewish forcibly converted to Christianity) family in Castelo Branco ( Portugal ). In Spain he studied medicine at the University of Salamanca , where he graduated with a doctorate in 1530. For a short time he worked as a doctor in Spain. After returning to Portugal, he initially practiced in Lisbon. When the situation of the Marran doctors deteriorated in the course of the persecution of the Marranos, he fled to Antwerp in 1533 . Three years later he published the medical-botanical index Dioscorides under his Christian name Johannus Rodericus .

After stays in the Netherlands and France, Amatus was appointed by Ercole II. D'Este in 1540 as a professor of anatomy at the University of Ferrara , where he also worked as an assistant to the well-known anatomist Giovanni Battista Canano (1515–1579) and with this the valves the vena azygos discovered.

In 1547 he left Ferrara for Ancona in order to follow the call of the town doctor of Ragusa (now Dubrovnik ). In Ancona he was stopped to the sister of Pope Julius III. to provide medical care. Several times he also had to treat the Pope's illnesses.

After the election of Paul IV as Pope (1555), the situation of the Marranos of Ancona deteriorated. Amato fled to Pesaro and in 1556 took up his position in Ragusa for two years. In 1558 he moved on to Thessaloniki, where he could openly profess Judaism. Here he died of the plague in 1568.

Works

  • Amati Lusitani curationum medicinalium centuriae I-VII
  • Amati Lusitani, medici physici praestantissimi, Curationum medicinalium
  • In Dioscoridis De medica materia libros quinque enarrationes Amati Lusitani

literature

  • Aaron J. Feingold: Three Jewish physicians of the Renaissance. The marriage of science and ethics . New York 1996.
  • Max Salomon: Amatus Lusitanus And His Time: A Contribution To The History Of Medicin In The 16th Century . Berlin 1901.
  • Friedenwald Harry: The ethics of the practice of medicine from the Jewish point of view . Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin (318), 1917.
  • Joshua O. Leibowitz:  Amatus Lusitanus. In: Encyclopaedia Judaica . 2nd Edition. Volume 2, Detroit / New York a. a. 2007, ISBN 978-0-02-865930-5 , pp. 34-435 (English).
  • Michael Stolberg : Amatus Lusitanus. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 50 f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Axel W. Bauer : Canano, Giovanni Battista. In: Werner E. Gerabek et al. (Ed.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. 2005, p. 229.
personal data
SURNAME Amato Lusitano
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Amatus Lusitanus; Castelo Branco, João Rodrigues de (real name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Portuguese-Jewish doctor and botanist
DATE OF BIRTH 1511
PLACE OF BIRTH Castelo Branco
DATE OF DEATH 1568
Place of death Thessaloniki