Blackbird fields

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The Amselfelder ( Serbian Косовско вино Kosovsko vino ) was a lovely red wine brand from Yugoslavia , which in the then Serbian autonomous province of Kosovo as a blending wine grape varieties Gamay , Cabernet Sauvignon , Pinot Noir , Vranac and Prokupac was produced.

Vineyards near Rahovec

The wine was pressed in the former state company "PKB Kosovovino" based in the village of Krusha e Vogël (Serbian Мала Қруша / Mala Kruša ) south of Rahovec , which is part of the Prizren wine region , which also includes the Hoça e Vogël / Mala Hoča and Hoça growing regions e Madhë / Velika Hoča and Suhareka belong. The name Amselfelder is derived from the Amselfeld , the eponymous landscape of Kosovo, which also found its way into the name of the state enterprise Kosovovino . However, the growing area of ​​the blackbird field is in the western part of Kosovo, in Metochien , and not in the eastern part formed by the blackbird field.

history

Viticulture in the Metohija region dates back to Roman times . In Velika Hoča, the historical wine-growing center of Kosovo, pithoi were found during archaeological investigations .

Viticulture began in the Middle Ages under Stefan Nemanja . In 1198/99, Velika Hoča was mentioned as a metochi of the Hilandar Monastery in a manuscript by Nemanja. As a metochi of the Athos monastery , Velika Hoča with its twelve churches grew into a spiritual center in which, in addition to the monks, numerous feudal lords also settled there, who promoted the winery there. Furthermore, the designation Velika Hocas as Metochi on the entire landscape was west of the watershed of Sitnica and White Drin transferred (Metohija) . During the reign of Tsar Stefan Dušan , viticulture was intensified around Prizren in Rahovec , Mala- and Velika Hoča and Suhareka . The residences of the Serbian kings and tsars have also been located around the so-called “tsarist town” of Prizren since the 13th century. Tradition also mentions a 25-kilometer-long pipe made of ceramics between the Velika Hočas wine cellars and the Carske vinarije Nemanjiden wine cellars in the Svrčin and Ribnik residences near Prizren.

When Stefan Uroš III. Dečanski built his burial place near Peja , he gave his burial place Visoki Dečani as well as wineries in Velika Hoča. The monastery vineyard and cellar (Vinarci manastira Visokog Dečana) still exist today . Metochian vines were exported to Belgrade and Smederevo during the reign of Đurađ Branković . A decree of Tsar Dušan from 1350, in which the valuation was set, regulated the export of metochian wines. Thus this agricultural property was of great economic importance in the feudal Serbian empire. With the Ottoman conquest , wine production was banned; However, wine was illegally produced and traded among Serbian residents.

After the vineyards fell into decline in the Balkan Wars and in the First World War, phylloxera also led to total failure on all unrefined vines between 1913 and 1923. In 1920, vines were cultivated in Orahovac, and in 1923 American vines were introduced. After the renewal of the vineyards, 95% of the vines of the Prokupac variety were planted in the vineyards. In 1939 3236 hectares of vineyards were counted in Kosovo (mainly in Metochien).

From 1957 the boom in state wine production began on a socialist economic basis. This was accompanied by changes in agro-technical methods, the choice of product range and the general upswing in the viniculture industry in Kosovo. The “PIK Proges” combine in Prizren was responsible for the expansion of the vineyards in the Prizren wine region. In 1946 a new winery was set up in Landovica near Prizren, and in 1960 one in Mala Kruša. The Zemun Faculty of Agriculture was responsible for projecting the range and the production technology .

Looking for an area in which a lovely red wine could always be grown in the same quality, the Racke company from Bingen am Rhein in Metochien struck gold. The productive soil and more than 300 days of sunshine per year ensured that up to 60 million liters of wine were produced here on around 8000 hectares at weddings. This corresponds roughly to the growing area of ​​the Dornfeld in Germany. A company in Kosovo is said to have been the second largest winery in the world.

The Amselfelder was West Germany's best-selling red wine in the 1960s and 1970s. By the beginning of the 1990s it is said to have reached an annual volume of 30 million marks. It was exported in large quantities; With 30 million bottles annually, the Federal Republic was the largest buyer. Until the beginning of the 1990s, viticulture throughout Kosovo was based primarily on the export of this red wine blend. In addition to the red wine, smaller quantities of white and rose wine were also offered under the name Amselfelder. Up to 1990/91 650 million bottles had been sold in Germany.

Due to the chaos of war , wine production came to a complete standstill in the 1990s. It is only in the recent past that winegrowers have tried to build on traditional export successes. From 1993 Racke had replaced the Amselfelder with a wine from Spain made as similar as possible under the "Amselkeller" brand.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rudolf Steurer, Wolfgang Thomann, Josef Schuller: World Wine Almanach . 1992, p. 182 .
  2. ↑ PKB Kosovovino- Komerc DOO Belgrade (ed.): Elaborat o proizvodnju vina za oznakom zasticenog geografskog porekla sa podrucja prizrenskog vinogorja . Belgrade 1999 ( scan [PDF; accessed on September 14, 2014] elaborate carried out by the staff at the Institut za biljnu proizvodnju Peć).
  3. ↑ a b c PKB Kosovovino- Komerc DOO Belgrade (ed.): Elaborat o proizvodnju vina za oznakom zasticenog geografskog porekla sa podrucja prizrenskog vinogorja . Belgrade 1999, p. 3 ( Scan [PDF; accessed on September 14, 2014] Elaborate carried out by the staff at the Institut za biljnu proizvodnju Peć).
  4. ↑ Predrag Nicic: Velika Hoca management plan. Restoration of Vineries and Lodgings . In: Universität Lund (ed.): Conservation and Management of Historic Buildings, 2007 . S. 2 ( hdm.lth.se [PDF; accessed September 14, 2014]).
  5. ↑ Predrag Nicic: Velika Hoca management plan. Restoration of Vineries and Lodgings . In: Universität Lund (ed.): Conservation and Management of Historic Buildings, 2007 . S. 1 ( hdm.lth.se [PDF; accessed September 14, 2014]).
  6. ↑ Istorija. In: Vinopedija, Internet portal o vinima Srbije. Retrieved September 14, 2014 (Serbian).
  7. ↑ a b PKB Kosovovino- Komerc DOO Belgrade (ed.): Elaborat o proizvodnju vina za oznakom zasticenog geografskog porekla sa podrucja prizrenskog vinogorja . Belgrade 1999, p. 4 ( Scan [PDF; accessed on September 14, 2014] Elaborate carried out by the staff at the Institut za biljnu proizvodnju Peć).
  8. ↑ Kosovo and its wines. Not just blackbird fields. In: ARD Studio Vienna. April 24, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2017 .
  9. ↑ stump and stem . In: Der Spiegel . No. 35 , 1968 ( online ).
  10. ↑ Bingen shakes hands with friends in Kosovo. In: Rhein-Zeitung. June 17, 2013, accessed September 14, 2014 .
  11. ↑ Blackbird fields. (No longer available online.) In: Hawesko Wein Lexikon. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014 ; accessed on September 14, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hawesko.de
  12. ^ Hugh Johnson , Jancis Robinson : The Wine Atlas . Hallwag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-7742-0775-5 , p. 254 (Original title: The world atlas of wine. ).
  13. ↑ Rudolf Knoll: The wine book of records . Specialist publisher Dr. Fraund, Mainz 1991, ISBN 3-921156-15-7 , p. 110 .
  14. ^ The State of the Wine Industry in Kosovo. (PDF; 1.3 MB) USAID , July 21, 2006, p. 2 , accessed on August 19, 2014 (English).
  15. ↑ German viticulture. Organ of the German Viticulture Association, Volume 47, 1992, p. 1289.