Angela Rohr

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Angela Rohr , b. Müllner (born February 5, 1890 in Znojmo , Moravia , † April 7, 1985 in Moscow ; Russian Ангелина Карловна Рор , Angelina Karlowna Rohr ) was an Austrian - Soviet doctor and writer.

Life

Angela Müllner left her family before graduation , but from 1914 she attended medical lectures in Paris and took part in unauthorized exercises in the anatomy room. After a failed marriage with the penniless writer Leopold Hubermann, a sham marriage with the expressionist Simon Guttmann and an intense friendship with Rainer Maria Rilke , she studied at the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute from 1920 to 1923 , where she worked as a doctor. When she fell ill with pulmonary tuberculosis , her institute directors Karl Abraham and Sigmund Freud made a healing treatment possible.

In the early 1920s she married Wilhelm Rohr, an intellectual and KPD member, with whom she moved to Moscow around 1926 and took on Soviet citizenship. There Angela did research in the field of biology and wrote feature articles and reports for German newspapers such as the Frankfurter Zeitung - loyal [to the ruling Stalinist system], but not propagandistic.

The Rohrs were arrested in 1941, Wilhelm Rohr presumably died in 1942 in Saratow prison . Bertolt Brecht had spoken out in vain for Angela through Konstantin Alexandrowitsch Fedin . She spent 15 years in prison and exile, from 1943 in the "corrective labor camp" in Nizhny Tagil . She survived the Siberian gulag as her medical skills were useful. In 1957 she was rehabilitated and was able to return to Moscow.

She had eight different family and stage names, the most famous of which was Helene Golnipa . At first she wrote in the style of Expressionism and Dadaism - Rilke raved about her early prose - later, realistic, unvarnished depictions of her experiences from the Gulag shaped the writing style. Despite Fedin's mediation, these texts could not appear in either the Soviet Union or the GDR . Her manuscripts from the Gulag were smuggled from Moscow to Vienna in the early 1980s, and some of them were published there.

Works (selection)

  • Helene Golnipa: In the face of Stalin's angel of death. Edited by Isabella Ackerl . Edition Tau, Mattersburg-Katzelsdorf 1989, ISBN 3-900977-01-1 .
  • The bird. Collected stories and reports. Edited by Gesine Bey. BasisDruck, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86163-117-0 .
  • Camp. Autobiographical novel. Edited by Gesine Bey. Structure, Berlin, 2015, ISBN 978-3-351-03602-7 .
  • Ten women on the Amur. Features for the Frankfurter Zeitung from the Soviet Union (1928–1936). BasisDruck, Berlin, 2018, ISBN 978-3-86163-159-0 .

literature

  • Gesine Bey: As an author for the Frankfurter Zeitung in the Soviet Union. Angela Rohr in the years 1928 to 1936. In: Berliner Debatte Initial , 29th year (2018), Issue 3 (focus: Germans see the Soviet Union), ISBN 978-3-945878-91-0 , pp. 42–52 .
  • Hans Marte: The border crosser. The extraordinary fate of the Austrian doctor Dr. Angela Rohr. In: Erhard Busek (ed.): The border crosser. Wieser, Klagenfurt / Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-85129-323-1 , pp. 143-153.
  • Gesine Bey: There, in the bookstore, I met [...] a strange woman. Rilke in letters about Angela Guttmann (1919–1922). In: Alexander Honold, Irmgard M. Wirtz (eds.): Rilkes Korrespondenzen. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2019, ISBN 978-3-8353-4396-2 , pp. 163-178.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Elke Schmitter : The nail board of the revolution . In: Der Spiegel , No. 25, June 21, 2010, pp. 118–121 and on the website of the publishing house BasisDruck , accessed on June 2, 2016.
  2. ↑ Annotation of the Russian edition of In the Face of the Angels of Death of Stalin ( Cholodnye zvëzdy GULAGa. Memorial, Zvenʹja, Moscow 2006) in Nowy Mir , 6/2007 (Russian)
  3. ↑ Judith Leister: Hemlock was better than hunger. Banned forever: The shocking GULag memories of doctor and writer Angela Rohr . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of May 24, 2016, p. 10.
  4. ↑ Review of Der Vogel .
  5. ↑ camp. Autobiographical novel. Edited by Gesine Bey. Structure, Berlin, 2015, ISBN 978-3-351-03602-7 , p. 420.
personal data
SURNAME Pipe, Angela
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hubermann, Angela; Golnipa, Helene; Müllner, Angelina; Guttmann, Angela; Rohr, Angelina; Рор, Ангелина Карловна (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austro-Soviet doctor and writer
DATE OF BIRTH February 5, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH Znojmo
DATE OF DEATH April 7, 1985
Place of death Moscow