Angelo Tasca

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Angelo Tasca (born November 19, 1892 in Moretta , Piedmont , † March 3, 1960 in Châtillon , Hauts-de-Seine ; pseudonym Jean Servant , A. Rossi ) was an Italian and French politician and journalist . Tasca was one of the co-founders of the Partito Comunista Italiano (PCI) and later a functionary of the Vichy regime , which also collaborated with the Belgian government in exile and the Resistance . After the Second World War, his political career ended, but he campaigned for anti-communism , especially de-Stalinization , as a journalist during the Cold War .

Life

Tasca's life can be roughly divided into four phases: After his youth, his time began in the socialist and communist movements in Italy as well as on a transnational level, which ended in a break with the prevailing Stalinism in the communist organizations . This was followed by exile in France, in which he supported the Vichy regime under anti-communism, but at the same time also maintained contacts with the Resistance. In the last phase of his life after the Second World War, he was only active on the journalistic level against Stalinism in France and Italy. His daughter Catherine has been a member of the French Senate since 2004 .

youth

Angelo Tasca was born in 1892 into a working-class family from Bussoleno and grew up as an only child in poor and broken family circumstances. His father was a railroad worker and socialist with anarchist sympathies; his mother often worked for months as a seasonal worker in neighboring France, she was fascinated by French culture . At the turn of the century the family moved to Turin , shortly afterwards the marriage broke up and Tasca's mother opened a restaurant in Monte Carlo . Tasca stayed with his father and initially graduated from Scuola Tecnica Giovanni Plana for three years and then from Liceo classico Vincenzo Gioberti . In his spare time he attended socialist youth clubs, where he became a leader in below average time.

Rise and Fall in the Communist Movement

Tasca was a sought-after speaker and journalist in the Turin labor movement early on, especially when it came to exchanging blows with nationalism : Together with Benedetto Croce and Giovanni Gentile , he turned against the positivism prevailing at the time in socialism and agitated for a neo-Hegelian philosophy in La Voce, founded in 1908 . In 1909 he gave his first agitational speech against the state visit of Tsar Nicholas II in Italy.

In 1911 he introduced Antonio Gramsci to the socialist movement in Turin .

Tasca served in the military from September 1915 to the summer of 1919, the only time in his adult life when he was not politically active. At the beginning of his military service, he got engaged to Lina Martorelli, a sister of his school friend Renato Martorelli , who was five years younger than Tasca. The couple married in April 1916 in Martorelli's hometown of Asti ; the bride's father then supported the couple financially. The marriage had three children: In March of the following year their first son, Carlo, was born. In December of the same year Tasca completed his university studies with an honors degree; the thesis deals with Giacomo Leopardi .

Front cover of an edition of L'Ordine Nuovo newspaper .

After his discharge from the military, Tasca got a job in the Socialist Party, and it was possible for him, along with some fellow campaigners , to work for the internationalist newspaper L'Ordine on a financial basis of 6000 liren , half of which he received from his father-in-law Founding Nuovo . However, since, unlike Gramsci and Palmiro Togliatti , who saw the councils as the primary organizational vehicle of the labor movement and the revolution, saw councils, trade unions and the communist party on equal terms in the organization of the revolution, he was - with the support of Umberto Terracini - already after the seventh edition of the newspaper victim of an editorial coup.

The following year Tasca was elected secretary of the Turin Camera del Lavoro . In 1921 he was a delegate at the founding party congress of the PCI in Livorno .

On June 11, 1926, Tasca's first daughter, Valéria, was born.

In 1928 Tasca emigrated to Paris without his family. In early summer he was called to the Fourth Congress of the International in Moscow, where he stayed after the congress as the envoy of the Italian Communists. The circumstances that led to this are mostly viewed as a trap of Togliatti, who viewed Tasca as his adversary and recommended him to Moscow as the representative of the right wing of the PCI when Stalin began his campaign against right-wing communists.

He was expelled from the Communist Party in 1929 because of anti-Stalinism .

Years in exile in France

Back in Paris, Tasca met Cécile Beitzman, the daughter of a Russian Jew, and had a brief love affair with her. In 1929 he became an employee of Henri Barbusses Monde .

In the 1930s, Tasca's ideology shifted from communism and its environment to liberal democracy . At first, this meant a rise at Monde , which was more and more concerned with the role of liberalism and communism vis-à-vis the rise of fascism, which was Tasca's expertise . Tasca managed to involve leading intellectuals like Henri de Man , Émile Vandervelde , Jean Zyromski , Karl Renner , Henriette Roland Holst and Marcel Déat in the debate at Monde . But Tasca's open confrontation with the Stalinist strategy of marginalizing liberal democratic opposition to fascism brought him into conflict with Barbusse, the publisher of Monde .

Anti-Stalinism after World War II

In 1953 an influential left-wing critique of Stalinism by Tasca appeared in Il Mondo .

rating

In the reception of Tasca one can distinguish between the evaluation of his political ideology and his analytical work.

Political ideology

Tasca's role during World War II in particular is difficult to classify. For the French historian Laurent Douzou , he is at the same time a politician of the Vichy regime and part of the (French) Resistance. In contrast, William Appleman attests Williams Tasca a complete turn to fascism, an assessment that is, however, mostly judged to be too harsh.

Social science analyzes

Tasca's analysis of fascism is seen as the seminal work and basis of the histography of fascism.

Works

  • A. Rossi: La naissance du fascisme: l'Italie de 1918 à 1922 . Gallimard , Paris 1938.
  • Angelo Tasca: Nascita e avvento del fascismo: L'Italia dal 1918 al 1922 . La nuova Italia, Scandicci (Firenze) 1950 (2. A. 2002. German translation under the title Believe, obey, fight. Rise of fascism . Europa Verlag, Vienna 1969).
  • A. Rossi: Autopsy you stalinisme. Éditions Pierre Horay, Paris 1957 (With the main text of the report on Khrushchev . Afterword by Denis de Rougemont ).
  • Angelo Tasca: I primi dieci anni di vita del PCI . Casa editrice Giuseppe Laterza & figli, Bari 1971 (inlet Luigi Cortesi).
  • Angelo Tasca: Vichy 1940-1944. Archives de guerre. Ed. Denis Peschanski. Series: Annali Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli . Feltrinelli , Milan 1986 ISBN 880799044X ; CNRS , Paris ISBN 222203843X
  • Angelo Tasca, David Pesch Bidussa Ed .: La France de Vichy. Archives inédits d'Angelo Tasca. Series: Annali Fondaz. Giangiacomo Feltrinelli. Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, Milano 1997 ISBN 9788807990526 ISSN  0393-3954

literature

  • David Bidussa:  Tasca, Angelo. In: Raffaele Romanelli (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 95:  Taranto – Togni. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2019.
  • Alexander J. De Grand: In Stalin's Shadow: Angelo Tasca and the Crisis of the Left in Italy and France, 1910-1945 . Northern Illinois University Press, DeKalb, IL 1986, ISBN 978-0875801162 .
  • Catherine Rancon: Angelo Tasca (1892-1960) intellectuelle biography . Université de Paris 1 - Panthéon Sorbonne / Università degli Studi della Tuscia di Viterbo, Paris & Viterbo February 18, 2011.
  • Alceo Riosa: Angelo Tasca socialista: con una scelta dei suoi scritti (1912-1920) . Marsilio, Venice 1979.
  • Emanuel Rota: A pact with Vichy: Angelo Tasca from Italian socialism to French collaboration . Fordham University Press, Bronx, NY 2012, ISBN 978-0-8232-4564-2 .
  • Sergio Soave (ed.): Un eretico della sinistra: Angelo Tasca dalla militanza alla crisi della politica (=  Collana dell'Istituto di studi storici Gaetano Salvemini di Torinob ). FrancoAngeli, Milan 1995, ISBN 88-204-8551-6 .
  • Sergio Soave: Silone e Tasca dal comunismo al socialismo cristiano (1900-1940) . Nino Aragno, Turin 2005, ISBN 888419248X .

supporting documents

  1. ^ Sergio Soave: L'amore in Tasca . In: l'Unità , June 19, 2001, p. 24. Archived from the original on September 25, 2013 Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved April 27, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / cerca.unita.it 
  2. ↑ a b c d Emanuel Rota: A pact with Vichy: Angelo Tasca from Italian socialism to French collaboration . Fordham University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-8232-4564-2 , p. 12.
  3. ^ Emanuel Rota: A pact with Vichy: Angelo Tasca from Italian socialism to French collaboration . Fordham University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-8232-4564-2 , p. 13.
  4. ^ Alceo Riosa: Angelo Tasca socialista: con una scelta dei suoi scritti (1912-1920) . Marsilio, Venice 1979, p. 15.
  5. ^ Quintin Hoare, Geoffrey Nowell Smith: Introduction . In: Selections from the Prison Notebooks. . International Publishers, New York 1971, ISBN 0-7178-0397-X , pp. Xxviii.
  6. ↑ a b c d Emanuel Rota: A pact with Vichy: Angelo Tasca from Italian socialism to French collaboration . Fordham University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-8232-4564-2 , p. 20.
  7. ↑ Giancarlo Monina: Il Movimento di unità Proletaria, 1943-1945: con due contributi su Lelio Basso e il PSI nel Dopoguerra . Carocci, Roma 2005, ISBN 88-430-3538-X , p. 148.
  8. ^ Emanuel Rota: A pact with Vichy: Angelo Tasca from Italian socialism to French collaboration . Fordham University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-8232-4564-2 , pp. 21-23.
  9. ↑ Flavio Silvestrino: Dopo la trincea: Gramsci, “L'Ordine Nuovo” e la rivoluzione italiana . In: Etica & Politica / Ethics & Politics . XIV, No. 2, 2012, pp. 150-196, p. 183.
  10. ↑ Denis Peschanski, Angelo Tasca: Vichy 1940-1944: quaderni e documenti ined. di Angelo Tasca: archives de guerre d'Angelo Tasca . Feltrinelli, Milano 1986, ISBN 88-07-99044-X , p. 388, fn. 10.
  11. ^ Emanuel Rota: A pact with Vichy: Angelo Tasca from Italian socialism to French collaboration . Fordham University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-8232-4564-2 , p. 46.
  12. ^ Emanuel Rota: A pact with Vichy: Angelo Tasca from Italian socialism to French collaboration . Fordham University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-8232-4564-2 , pp. 50ff.
  13. ↑ Fertilio Dario: Angelo Tasca, l 'amore al tempo dell' esilio e della rivoluzione . In: Corriere della Sera , September 13, 2001, p. 37. Retrieved April 27, 2013. 
  14. ^ A b Emanuel Rota: A pact with Vichy: Angelo Tasca from Italian socialism to French collaboration . Fordham University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-8232-4564-2 , pp. 64f.
  15. ^ Emanuel Rota: A pact with Vichy: Angelo Tasca from Italian socialism to French collaboration . Fordham University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-8232-4564-2 , p. 64.
  16. ^ Emanuel Rota: A pact with Vichy: Angelo Tasca from Italian socialism to French collaboration . Fordham University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-8232-4564-2 , pp. 65ff.
  17. ^ Aldo Agosti: L´ “età dell´ oro” della storiografia sul Partito comunista italiano (1960-1989) . In: Revista de Historia Actual . 6, No. 6, 2008, pp. 103-113, p. 105.
  18. ↑ Laurent Douzou, "La gauche, Vichy, et la Resistance", dans Jean-Jacques Becker and Gilles Candar (dir.), Histoire des gauches en France , éd. La Découverte, 2004, p. 393
  19. ^ A b Ronald Hilton: Angelo Tasca . July 30, 2004. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  20. ↑ contains: Journal de guerre, 1940-1941, by Tasca; partly French, partly Italian.
personal data
SURNAME Tasca, Angelo
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian-French journalist and politician
DATE OF BIRTH November 19, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Moretta
DATE OF DEATH March 3, 1960
Place of death Châtillon (Hauts-de-Seine)