Anguloa

Anguloa
	Anguloa clowesii , illustration
Systematics
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Epidendroideae
Tribe :	Maxillarieae
Sub tribus :	Lycastinae
Genre :	Anguloa
Scientific name
	Anguloa
	Ruiz & Pav.

Anguloa uniflora , illustration

Anguloa Hohenlohii var. Hohenlohii , illustration

The genus Anguloa from the family of orchids (Orchidaceae) comprises nine species , all found in South and Central America. Due to the shape of the flowers, they are also called tulip orchids in German-speaking countries . The plants are quite large for an orchid and usually grow on the ground or on rocks.

description

All species of this genus form pseudobulbs on a creeping rhizome at a short distance . These are oval and somewhat compressed at the sides with several indistinct lateral ridges; they consist of a single internode . The rhizome and pseudobulbs are surrounded by lower leaves , at the tip of the pseudobulbs there are three leaves each . The leaves are plicate (folded) with veins clearly visible on the underside . They run out like a stalk at the base. The pseudobulbs reach up to 20 centimeters in length, the leaves up to one meter.

The inflorescence appears laterally from the base of the pseudobulbs and carries only one flower. The resupinated flowers are fleshy or waxy, large and white, pink or yellow in color. The three sepals are inclined together like a bell and enclose the petals . The two lateral sepals have grown together with the column to form a small sack-like depression. The lip is three-lobed, at the base articulated with the column, the two side lobes enclose the column tubular, the middle lobe ends in a curved tip. There is a callus on the lip . The column is straight, at the base with an extension to which the lip has grown ("column foot"). The stamen sits terminally and is bent down towards the column axis. On the side of the stamen there are two small appendages on the column. The four hard, yellow pollinia are connected to a heart-shaped adhesive organ ( Viscidium ) via an elongated stalk .

The species are pollinated by male splendor bees (Euglossini). Due to the weight of the insects, the hinged lip is unbalanced and swings against the column. There, the pollinia is attached to the bees' thorax using the sticky viscidium, or pollinia that are already sticking to the insect are placed on the scar .

distribution

The species of the genus Anguloa occur in northwestern South America from Venezuela via Colombia, Ecuador and Peru to Bolivia. They grow there on rocks, bank breaks or occasionally as epiphytes in moist forests at altitudes of 1500 to 2500 meters.

Systematics

Within the subfamily Epidendroideae , the genus Anguloa is classified in the subtribe Lycastinae . The genus Lycaste is closely related .

The following nine species and some varieties have been described in this genus:

Anguloa brevilabris Rolfe (1915): Colombia and northern Peru.
Anguloa cliftonii Rolfe (1910): Colombia.
Anguloa clowesii Lindl. (1844): Colombia and Venezuela.
Anguloa dubia Rchb.f. (1882): Colombia.
Anguloa eburnea B.S.Williams (1868): Colombia, Peru and Ecuador.
Anguloa Hohenlohii C. Morren (1853): With two varieties:
- Anguloa Hohenlohii var. Hohenlohii : Colombia and northwestern Venezuela.
- Anguloa Hohenlohii var. Macroglossa (Schltr.) Oakeley (1999): Colombia.
Anguloa tognettiae Oakeley (1999): Colombia and northwestern Venezuela.
Anguloa uniflora Ruiz & Pav. (1798): Peru.
Anguloa virginalis Linden ex BSWilliams (1862): With two varieties:
- Anguloa virginalis var. Turneri Oakeley (1999): Colombia.
- Anguloa virginalis var. Virginalis : Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.

There are also some naturally occurring hybrids:

Anguloa × rolfei Sander ex Rolfe (1915): Colombia, parents are Anguloa brevilabris × Anguloa cliftonii .
Anguloa × ruckeri Lindl. (1846): Venezuela, from Anguloa clowesii × Anguloa Hohenlohii .
Anguloa × speciosa Linden (1855): Colombia, the parents are Anguloa tognettiae × Anguloa virginalis .

Culture

Because of the large, colored flowers, the plants can be found in culture. They have no special requirements, but should be fertilized more than other orchids. There are some cultivated varieties as well as hybrids with Lycaste varieties .

photos

Anguloa brevilabris
Anguloa cliftonii
Anguloa clowesii
Anguloa uniflora
Anguloa virginalis

literature

CH Dodson, CA Luer (2005): Orchidaceae part 2 (Aa-Cyrtidiorchis) . In: G. Harling, L. Andersson (Eds.): Flora of Ecuador . Vol. 76, p. 43ff. Botanical Institute, Göteborg University, ISBN 91-88896-51-X
Jürgen Röth (1983): Orchids . P. 120f. VEB German Agricultural Publishing House Berlin.

Individual evidence

↑ Friedrich Gustav Brieger: The orchids: Botanical foundations of orchid research, taxonomic description of orchids (= The orchids: their description, culture and breeding , Volume 1, parts 23-31). P. Parey, Berlin 1990 (3rd edition), ISBN 9783826330841 , p. 1821.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Anguloa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 5, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Anguloa - album with pictures, videos and audio files

[1] Friedrich Gustav Brieger: The orchids: Botanical foundations of orchid research, taxonomic description of orchids (= The orchids: their description, culture and breeding , Volume 1, parts 23-31). P. Parey, Berlin 1990 (3rd edition), ISBN 9783826330841 , p. 1821.

[WCSP-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Anguloa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 5, 2018.