Trailer load
The permissible trailer load is the maximum permissible load that a motor vehicle ( car , truck , tractor, etc.) can pull behind it with one (or rarely more) trailers . The decisive factor here is not the permissible total weight of the trailer, but the permissible trailer load of the towing vehicle and the actual mass (axle load + vertical load) of the towed trailer. The permissible trailer loads generally result from the road traffic licensing regulations (ins. § 42 StVZO) or a possible vehicle-specific (individual) report .
Road vehicles
Car
Technically possible trailer load
The technically permissible trailer loads for cars vary depending on the model and design as well as the trailer coupling between 500 kg and 3500 kg, in most cases they are between 1200 kg and 1500 kg. For heavy cars with a separate chassis (e.g. ladder frame ), the technically possible trailer loads are usually higher than for vehicles with a self-supporting body .
Legally permitted trailer load
According to traffic law in Germany, the towed trailer load of passenger cars must not exceed the permissible total mass of the towing vehicle (1: 1), but in no case more than 3500 kg.
Off-road vehicles
Technically possible trailer load
Smaller off-road vehicles usually have trailer loads of up to 2600 kg. Large off-road vehicles are generally allowed to pull up to 3500 kg (some models in Germany with an additional air brake system up to 4500 kg). Very similar values apply to the technically similar pickups in most cases . Even with these vehicles, which have a separate frame, the trailer loads are greater.
Legally permitted trailer load
Passenger cars that are off-road vehicles according to the definition in Annex II of Directive 70/156 / EEC may tow trailer loads of up to one and a half times their own gross vehicle weight (1: 1.5), but in no case more than 3500 kg .
In Switzerland, heavy pickups (e.g. Dodge RAM) with air brakes are allowed to pull up to 10 t. Of course, this trailer is then subject to the performance-based heavy vehicle tax (LSVA) .
Motorcycles
Legally permitted trailer load
Motorcycle trailers without their own brakes may only be carried behind motorcycles if the towing vehicle has an all-wheel brake and the trailer has only one axle; Despite having separate controls for the front and rear brakes, motorcycles are considered vehicles with all-wheel brakes, but motorcycles with a sidecar only if the sidecar wheel also has a brake.
Transporter
Technically possible trailer load
The pickup truck may move kg depending on size and model to the 2000 large vans (technically often as light trucks and therefore also equipped with a separate chassis) kg pull the 3500, with air brakes and a bar coupling kg to 4500, in some cases, more.
Legally permitted trailer load
as with passenger cars
truck
Technically possible trailer load
For trucks that have an air brake, the trailer loads can vary greatly depending on the size and legislation of a country. The largest trailer loads for trucks are found in Australia on road trains , where a tractor unit with several trailers can pull up to a total of 132 t (132,000 kg), in individual cases up to 200 t (200,000 kg).
Legally permitted trailer load
In Germany, the legally permissible trailer load for trucks in trains with a continuous braking system must not exceed one and a half times the total permissible weight (1: 1.5).
Calculation of the maximum permissible trailer load
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The technically permissible trailer load is calculated in accordance with ECE regulation No. 55 using the formula
- R: maximum permissible trailer load of the vehicle in t
- D: D value
- T: Permissible total weight of the vehicle in t
- g: acceleration due to gravity: 9.81
Tractors
The highest trailer loads have special heavy-duty tractors , which are not intended for the independent transport of goods, but rather carry ballast usually arranged above the rear axles .
With these, the possible trailer load values, depending on the model and design, are in the range of 100 or 200 t, in exceptional cases, however, much higher than with the Australian road trains (e.g. large transformer with 300 t on a low-loader ). However, in contrast to the road trains , such heavy transports (freight goods that are not dimensionally and / or weight-correct) generally only have a single trailer or low-loader of a special type.
If necessary, several tractors can be connected in series with special tow bars .
Rail vehicles
In rail transport , the trailer load or the mass of the wagon train denotes the total weight of the vehicles towed by one or more locomotives . If the trailer load exceeds the permitted drawbar load , an intermediate or push locomotive must be added to the train .
Individual evidence
- ↑ § 42 Paragraph 1 StVZO .
- ↑ § 42 Paragraph 1 StVZO . Council Directive 70/156 / EEC of February 6, 1970 on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to the type approval for motor vehicles and motor vehicle trailers , accessed on September 27, 2016 , to whose Annex II § 42 StVZO refers, was replaced by Article 49 sentence 1 of Directive 2007/46 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 September 2007 on the creation of a framework for the approval of motor vehicles and motor vehicle trailers as well as of systems, components and independent technical units for these vehicles with effect from 29 April 2009 ; Article 49 sentence 2 of Directive 2007/46 / EC stipulates, however, that references to the repealed directive are to be regarded as references to this directive. According to the corresponding table in Annex XXI of Directive 2007/46 / EC, a reference to Annex II of Directive 70/156 / EEC should be read as a reference to Annex II of Directive 2007/46 / EC. (The hyperlinks to the linked directives were accessed and received on September 27, 2016; the linked version of the respective directive is the one that was valid on that date; all changes to directive 2007/46 / EC that only come into effect after this date on the information page on Directive 2007/46 / EC , accessed on September 27, 2016 , in the section Links between documents , subsection Amended by listed and linked (with the most recent one at the bottom of the list) and any more recent consolidated versions that may have been created are in the subsection All consolidated Versions listed (with the most recent at the top of the list) and linked.)
- ↑ § 42 paragraph 2 StVZO .
- ^ Lexicon Railway , Transpress VEB Verlag für Verkehrwesen , Berlin, 1978
- ↑ Federal Office of Transport: Swiss Driving Regulations (FDV) A2016 Federal Office of Transport (FOT), July 1, 2016 (PDF; 3 MB). R 300.1, Section 3.2 Explanation of terms and R 300.5, Section 1.5 Towing load