Anne-Lise Stern

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Anne-Lise Stern (born 16 July 1921 in Berlin as Anneliese star , died 6. May 2013 in Paris ) was a French psychoanalyst and survivors of the Holocaust .

Life

Origin, immigration to France and deportation

Anne-Lise Stern was born in Berlin and grew up in Mannheim until she was twelve . She is the daughter of the German Freudian psychiatrist and Marxist Heinrich (Henri) Stern. Because he was Jewish, he fled to France with her and his wife Käthe after the “ seizure of power ” in 1933, initially to relatives in Paris. After the German occupation of France , Henri Stern joined the Resistance in the Albi region .

In 1939 Anne-Lise began studying medicine in Tours ; she gave up her mother tongue and wanted to be French. She made friends with Eva Freud (1924–1944), who also emigrated from Berlin , a granddaughter of Sigmund Freud who, like the Stern family, had found refuge in Nice and to whom she left her job as a secretary in a theater. After Eva died of untreated blood poisoning after an abortion , Anne-Lise returned to Paris. During a police raid on April 13, 1944, she was arrested and deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau , then to Bergen-Belsen and the Theresienstadt ghetto , from which she was finally liberated by soldiers of the Red Army . She returned to France on June 2, 1945, where she found her father again. After the German surrender, Henri Stern visited concentration camps several times as a French military doctor and wrote a report on the behavior of the deportees towards their tormentors. When he got cancer, Anne-Lise helped him come to terms with his fate. He died at the age of 55.

Psychoanalysis

After the end of the war she studied psychology and completed psychoanalytic training, first with Maurice Bouvet, then with Françoise Dolto , and finally with Jacques Lacan . After a suicide attempt , psychoanalysis was first and foremost a way of regaining her personal self-confidence. With Lacan, she was able to link her neurosis with the trauma of the deportation.

“At the time it was very difficult to talk about the concentration camps in the analysis. [...] Lacan was the only one who was able to listen to this as well as to the German language. The result was that I stopped dreaming about it. Whenever I brought letters, photos, objects, reports from the deportations or texts from my father, he would look at everything with interest. [...] I finished my analysis when I dreamed that I was tossing all the things and books out the window in Lacan's office. In the end there was only myself. "

- Anne-Lise Stern

Act

In 1953 she met the pediatrician Jenny Aubry , a pioneer of child psychoanalysis in France, and followed her to the Polyclinique du Boulevard Ney , then to the Hôpital des Enfants Malades in Paris, where she worked until 1960. She mainly devoted herself to hospitalized , psychotic and terminally ill children. She believed that there was a deep connection between the events of the Holocaust and the extreme suffering of the children that had led her to tackle the most difficult cases. Psychoanalysis, as experienced by Françoise Dolto, Jacques Lacan and Jenny Aubry, became the passion of her life. In their opinion, Lacan had re-established psychoanalysis after Auschwitz. In 1964 she became a member of his École Freudienne de Paris .

Inspired by the 1968 movement, she and a group founded a treatment facility for destitute patients in 1969, the Laboratoire de psychanalyse , which she financed with the compensation that her mother had received from the German government for the loss of her father's medical practice. From 1972 to 1978 she worked as a psychotherapist in the department for addiction patients at the Marmottan Hospital in Paris, headed by the psychoanalyst Claude Olievenstein .

In 1979, as a reaction to the public appearance of Holocaust deniers in France, Anne-Lise Stern began seminars with the title Camps, histoire, psychanalyse - leur nouage dans l'actualité européenne (German: camp, history, psychoanalysis - their connection in contemporary European events ), in which she examined contemporary documents for their relation to the Holocaust. For many years from 1992, they took place in the École des Hautes Études Sciences Sociales in Paris.

In 2004 Anne-Lise Stern's book Le savoir-déporté was published , which, in addition to her psychoanalytic essays from 1963 to 2003, contains a report on her experiences in the concentration camp. After her return to France in 1945, Anne-Lise Stern began to write a series of texts about the deportation in her family home: the transport in the cattle wagon, daily life in the camps, the separation from those who were sent to the gas chambers . She does not comment on anything in the texts and gives no explanations. In another chapter she describes pre-war scenes, her studies in Tours and the most important encounters before and after the deportation.

The book lets readers participate in how Anne-Lise Stern transformed her experience of deportation into a “second birth” from whose perspective she practiced psychoanalysis. She saw the story of the Holocaust as a psychological reality and not as the "big story" as historians tell.

“Can you be a psychoanalyst after you've been deported to Auschwitz? The answer is no. Can one be a psychoanalyst today without this? Again the answer is no. To shed light on how these two impossibilities relate to one another and to report this in turn seems to be a good way to answer the question: Which psychoanalysis after the Shoah? "

- Anne-Lise Stern

Fonts

  • Le savoir-déporté. Camps, histoire, psychanalyse , edited by Nadine Fresco and Martine Leibovici, Edition Seuil (Collection Librairie du XXIe siecle), Paris 2004, ISBN 2-02-066252-3 .
  • Egg why, egg why: O Why. In: Stuart Liebman (Ed.): Claude Lanzmann's Shoah: Key Essays. Oxford University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-19-518864-6 , pp. 95ff. (English)
  • I used to be a German child ... passée du camp chez Lacan. Attempt a translation . Berlin Letter No. 2, November 1999, Freud-Lacan Society Berlin
  • Mending 'Auschwitz, Through Psychoanalysis? In: Strategies. A Journal of Theory, Culture & Politics. No. 8, 1995/1996, pp. 41-52.
  • Point de suture (about the film La vie est belle by R. Benigni). Carnets de l'Ecole de psychanalyse Sigmund Freud No. 21/22, 1999
  • Sois déportée ... et témoigne! Psychanalyser, témoigner: double bind? In: La Shoah: témoignage savoirs, oeuvres. edited by Annette Wieviorka and Claude Mouchard, Cercil Press Universitaires de Vincennes, Orléans 1999, ISBN 2-84292-052-X .
  • Le savoir-déporté. Entretien avec Martine Leibovici. In: Des expériences intérieures pour quelles modernité? published by the Center Roland-Barthes Paris (Essais), Éd. nouvelles Cécile Defaut, Nantes 2012, ISBN 978-2-35018-311-4 .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Elisabeth Roudinesco : Anne Lise Stern, psychanalyst du "Savoir-déporté". In: Le Monde. May 7, 2013. (Obituary)
  2. ^ Pierre Vidal-Naquet: Fragments d'Anne-Lise. Liberation, October 21, 2004.
  3. ^ A b c Elisabeth Roudinesco: Jacques Lacan & Co: A History of Psychoanalysis in France, 1925–1985. University of Chicago Press, 1990, ISBN 0-226-72997-4 , pp. 160f.
  4. ^ Henri Stern: Observation sur la psychologie collective dans le camps de "personnes déplacées". In: Psyché. 21-22, Paris 1949.
  5. ^ Nadine Fresco, Martine Leibovici: Entendre. Une vie à l'œuvre . Introduction to: Anne-Lise Stern: Le savoir-déporté . Paris 2004, quoted in: Michael Dorland: Psychoanalysis after Auschwitz? The "Deported Knowledge" of Anne-Lise Stern. In: Other Voices. 2 (3), 2005.
  6. ↑ (own translation) Quoted by Elisabeth Roudinesco: Jacques Lacan & Co: A History of Psychoanalysis in France, 1925–1985. P. 234.
  7. ^ Elisabeth Roudinesco: Jacques Lacan & Co: A History of Psychoanalysis in France, 1925–1985. P. 456.
  8. ↑ Anne-Lise Stern (1921–2013). In: Brigitte Nölleke: Psychoanalysts. Biographical lexicon.
  9. ↑ Éva Weil: Le savoir-déporté d'Anne-Lise Stern. In: Revue française de psychanalyse. 2005/3 (Vol. 69), ISBN 2-13-055250-1 , pp. 913-916.
  10. ↑ «Peut-on être psychanalyste en ayant été déporté à Auschwitz? La réponse est non. Peut-on aujourd'hui être psychanalyste sans cela? La réponse est encore non. Éclairer comment ces deux impossibilités se tiennent, de quoi est fait leur rapport, me semble une bonne façon d'aborder la question: Source psychanalysis après la Shoah? » Quoted in: Éva Weil: Le savoir-déporté d'Anne-Lise Stern.
personal data
SURNAME Stern, Anne-Lise
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stern, Anneliese
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French psychoanalyst and Holocaust survivor
DATE OF BIRTH July 16, 1921
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH May 6, 2013
Place of death Paris