Anthim the Iberian

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Anthim the Iberian
Anthim's coat of arms in an 18th century manuscript

Anthim the Iberians ( Romanian Antim Ivireanul , Georgian ანთიმოზ ივერიელი Antimoz Iverieli , Greek ̓Ανϑίμος ὁ ἐξ ̓Ἰβηρίας; family name: Andria ; * 1650 in Georgia ; † September or October 1716 on the Turkish-Bulgarian border) was one of the most important church leaders in Wallachia (and Romania ), a well-known theologian of the Orthodox Church and philosopher , founder of one of the first printing works in Romania, and Metropolitan of the Hungarian Wallachia in Bucharest from 1708 to 1715.

Life

Anthim comes from the Kartli Kingdom in what is now Georgia. As an adult he was captured by Ottoman troops and placed under house arrest in Istanbul and Constantinople in the building of the Orthodox Patriarchate . In 1689 or 1690, Prince Constantin Brâncoveanu asked him if he wanted to settle in the Principality of Wallachia. He answered the call. There he was responsible for the newly founded princely print shop in Bucharest. Later he became an egume of the Snagov monastery. He moved the printing works from Bucharest to the monastery.

In March 16, 1705 he became Bishop of Râmnicu Vâlcea and on January 28, 1708 he became Metropolitan of Wallachia. Anthim spoke several oriental and European languages. Although he was a foreigner, he acquired a good knowledge of the Romanian language. He contributed significantly to the fact that this language became the liturgical language in Wallachia and the Principality of Moldova . In 1693 he published the Gospel in Romanian.

Anthim's open opposition to the Ottoman Empire , which indirectly ruled Wallachia, made him an opponent of the Pro-Ottoman Greek Orthodox regime of the Phanariots . The new prince Nicholas Mavrocordatos had him captured and banished to Mount Sinai . Anthim was arrested there by the Ottomans and killed on the way to what is now Bulgaria. The body was thrown into the Mariza River or the Tundscha River . His killer was reportedly hired by Mavrocordatos. In 1992, Anthim was organized by the Romanian Orthodox Church beatified . The Orthodox Church will commemorate him on September 27th.

Merits

Anthim founded the first Georgian printing company in Tbilisi in 1709 . He trained Georgians in the art of printing. With his student Mihail Ishtvanovitch he printed the first Georgian Gospel in 1710 . In addition, he printed 25 other books in Romanian, Church Slavonic, Greek and Arabic (mostly in bilingual volumes, for example a Greek-Arabic prayer book from 1702). He was the first printer in Wallachia to use Arabic fonts .

His own work, Didahiile, is a collection of sermons that criticize contemporary customs and morals against Christian sources. Anthim also lectured on classical philosophy. In addition to his literary work, he was a cleric builder of the All Saints Monastery in Bucharest, known today as the Anthim Monastery.

Trivia

The Rugby Union Trophee between Romania and Georgia, the Anthim Cup, is named after him.

literature

  • Ștefan Dinulescu, Viața și activitatea mitropolitului Tării Românești Antim Ivireanul , Chernivtsi 1986
  • Fanny Djindjihașvili, Antim Ivireanul, cărturar umanist , Iași 1982
  • Nicolae Dobrescu Viața și faptele lui Antim Ivireanul, mitropolitul Ungrovlahiei , Bucharest 1910
  • Moses Gaster , Chrestomathie roumaine , 1881
  • Moses Gaster: History of Romanian Literature , in Gustav Gröber , Plan of Romance Philology , Vol. 2, 3rd Department, 1901, pp. 262–428 ( digitized version )
  • Otar Gvinchidze, Antimoz Iverieli , Tbilisi 1973
  • Emile Picot, Notice biographique et bibliographique sur l'imprimeur Anthime d'Ivir, metropolitaine de Valachie , in Nouveaux Melanges Orientaux ... , Paris 1886, pp. 513-560
  • Gabriel Popescu, Mitropolitul Ungrovlahiei Antim Ivireanul, cârmuitor bisericesc și propovăduitor al Evangheliei , in Studii Teologice , Year XX, 1969, No. 1-2, pp. 5-97
  • Anthimus of Iberia , in Encyclopædia Britannica , 2007 ( digitized version )
  • Antimoz Iverieli , in Sakartvelo Encyclopedia , Vol. I, Tiflis 1997, p. 158

Web links

Commons : Anthim the Iberian  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Anne Kotzan, Anja Schliebitz: Romania. Baedeker Alliance travel guide . Baedeker, 2009, p. 204, ISBN 3-8297-1172-7
personal data
SURNAME Anthim the Iberian
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Orthodox theologian and metropolitan of the Hungarian Wallachia
DATE OF BIRTH 1650
PLACE OF BIRTH Georgia
DATE OF DEATH September 1716 or October 1716
Place of death Turkish-Bulgarian border