Antimony (III) fluoride

Crystal structure
Sb 3+ : __   /   F - : __
Crystal system	orthorhombic
Space group	C 2 cm (No. 40, position 4)
Lattice parameters	a  = 4.95  Å , b  = 7.46 Å and c  = 7.26 Å
General
Surname	Antimony (III) fluoride
other names	Antimony trifluoride
Ratio formula	SbF 3
Brief description	Liquid, white crystals
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 7783-56-4 EC number 232-009-2 ECHA InfoCard 100.029.099 PubChem 24554 Wikidata Q419591
properties
Molar mass	178.76 g · mol -1
Physical state	firmly
density	4.38 g cm −3 (20 ° C)
Melting point	292 ° C
boiling point	376 ° C
solubility	very light in water (4430 g l −1 at 20 ° C)
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling from  Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , expanded if necessary danger H and P phrases H: 301-311-331-314-411 P: 260-280-301 + 330 + 331 + 310-303 + 361 + 353-304 + 340 + 310-305 + 351 + 338
MAK	repealed as carcinogenic
Thermodynamic properties
ΔH f 0	−915.5 kJ mol −1
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Antimony (III) fluoride is a fluoride of antimony . At room temperature it is present as colorless to slightly grayish crystals with a pungent odor.

Extraction and presentation

Antimony trifluoride can be produced by reacting anhydrous hydrogen fluoride with antimony trioxide . This creates antimony (III) fluoride and water.

${\displaystyle {\ce {Sb2O3 + 6HF -> 2SbF3 + 3H2O}}}$

properties

Physical Properties

Antimony (III) fluoride self-dissociates to form difluoroantimony (III) cations and tetrafluoroantimonate (III) anions.

${\displaystyle {\ce {2SbF3 <=> SbF2+ + SbF4-}}}$

As a result, molten antimony trifluoride also conducts electrical current . The difluoroantimony (III) cations are stabilized by surrounding antimony (III) fluoride molecules. Antimony (III) fluoride crystallizes orthorhombically , space group C 2 cm (space group no. 40, position 4) , with the lattice parameters a  = 4.95  Å , b  = 7.46 Å and c  = 7.26 Å.

Chemical properties

Antimony (III) fluoride is a strong Lewis acid but a relatively weak Lewis base . It forms fluorocomplexes with donor fluorides.

use

Antimony (III) fluoride is used as a moderately active fluorinating agent, preferably for low-melting fluorides. These can then be distilled off from the excess antimony (III) fluoride. It is also used as a mordant for coloring and is used in the manufacture of ceramics .

safety instructions

Antimony (III) fluoride is toxic to humans. Inhalation of antimony (III) fluoride can lead to chemical pneumonia and pulmonary edema . Direct contact can lead to severe damage to the skin, the tissues of the mucous membranes, the respiratory tract and the eyes.

See also

• Antimony (V) fluoride

literature

• AF Holleman , E. Wiberg , N. Wiberg : Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry . 101st edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-11-012641-9 .
• GH Aylward, TJV Findlay: Chemistry data collection in SI units . 3. Edition. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 1999, ISBN 3-527-29468-6 .
• Entry on antimony fluoride. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 8, 2014.
• Georg Brauer (Ed.): Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry . 2nd Edition. tape 1 . Academic Press, 1963, ISBN 978-0-12-395590-6 , pp. 199 , doi : 10.1016 / B978-0-12-395590-6.X5001-7 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} A. J. Edwards: Fluoride crystal structures . Part XIV. Antimony trifluoride: A redetermination. In: Journal of the Chemical Society . No. 0 , 1970, p. 2751-2753 , doi : 10.1039 / J19700002751 .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Entry on antimony (III) fluoride in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 8, 2018(JavaScript required) .
3. ↑ Entry on Antimony trifluoride in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on August 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
4. ^ AF Holleman , N. Wiberg : Inorganische Chemie . 103rd edition. Volume 1: Basics and main group elements. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-049585-0 , p. 952 (reading sample: Part A - Basics of the chemistry of hydrogen. Google book search ).