Antimony (III) fluoride

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Crystal structure
Unit cell of antimony trifluoride.
Sb 3+ : __   /   F - : __
Crystal system

orthorhombic

Space group

C 2 cm (No. 40, position 4)Template: room group / 40.4

Lattice parameters

a  = 4.95  Å , b  = 7.46 Å and c  = 7.26 Å

General
Surname Antimony (III) fluoride
other names

Antimony trifluoride

Ratio formula SbF 3
Brief description

Liquid, white crystals

External identifiers / databases
CAS number 7783-56-4
EC number 232-009-2
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.099
PubChem 24554
Wikidata Q419591
properties
Molar mass 178.76 g · mol -1
Physical state

firmly

density

4.38 g cm −3 (20 ° C)

Melting point

292 ° C

boiling point

376 ° C

solubility

very light in water (4430 g l −1 at 20 ° C)

safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling from  Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , expanded if necessary
06 - Toxic or very toxic 05 - Corrosive 09 - Dangerous for the environment

danger

H and P phrases H: 301-311-331-314-411
P: 260-280-301 + 330 + 331 + 310-303 + 361 + 353-304 + 340 + 310-305 + 351 + 338
MAK

repealed as carcinogenic

Thermodynamic properties
ΔH f 0

−915.5 kJ mol −1

As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Antimony (III) fluoride is a fluoride of antimony . At room temperature it is present as colorless to slightly grayish crystals with a pungent odor.

Extraction and presentation

Antimony trifluoride can be produced by reacting anhydrous hydrogen fluoride with antimony trioxide . This creates antimony (III) fluoride and water.

properties

Physical Properties

Antimony (III) fluoride self-dissociates to form difluoroantimony (III) cations and tetrafluoroantimonate (III) anions.

As a result, molten antimony trifluoride also conducts electrical current . The difluoroantimony (III) cations are stabilized by surrounding antimony (III) fluoride molecules. Antimony (III) fluoride crystallizes orthorhombically , space group C 2 cm (space group no. 40, position 4) , with the lattice parameters a  = 4.95  Å , b  = 7.46 Å and c  = 7.26 Å. Template: room group / 40.4

Chemical properties

Antimony (III) fluoride is a strong Lewis acid but a relatively weak Lewis base . It forms fluorocomplexes with donor fluorides.

use

Antimony (III) fluoride is used as a moderately active fluorinating agent, preferably for low-melting fluorides. These can then be distilled off from the excess antimony (III) fluoride. It is also used as a mordant for coloring and is used in the manufacture of ceramics .

safety instructions

Antimony (III) fluoride is toxic to humans. Inhalation of antimony (III) fluoride can lead to chemical pneumonia and pulmonary edema . Direct contact can lead to severe damage to the skin, the tissues of the mucous membranes, the respiratory tract and the eyes.

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. a b A. J. Edwards: Fluoride crystal structures . Part XIV. Antimony trifluoride: A redetermination. In: Journal of the Chemical Society . No. 0 , 1970, p. 2751-2753 , doi : 10.1039 / J19700002751 .
  2. a b c d e f g h Entry on antimony (III) fluoride in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 8, 2018(JavaScript required) .
  3. Entry on Antimony trifluoride in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on August 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
  4. ^ AF Holleman , N. Wiberg : Inorganische Chemie . 103rd edition. Volume 1: Basics and main group elements. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-049585-0 , p. 952 (reading sample: Part A - Basics of the chemistry of hydrogen. Google book search ).