Antimony (III) fluoride
Crystal structure | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sb 3+ : __ / F - : __ | ||||||||||||||||
Crystal system |
orthorhombic |
|||||||||||||||
Space group |
C 2 cm (No. 40, position 4) |
|||||||||||||||
Lattice parameters |
a = 4.95 Å , b = 7.46 Å and c = 7.26 Å |
|||||||||||||||
General | ||||||||||||||||
Surname | Antimony (III) fluoride | |||||||||||||||
other names |
Antimony trifluoride |
|||||||||||||||
Ratio formula | SbF 3 | |||||||||||||||
Brief description |
Liquid, white crystals |
|||||||||||||||
External identifiers / databases | ||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
properties | ||||||||||||||||
Molar mass | 178.76 g · mol -1 | |||||||||||||||
Physical state |
firmly |
|||||||||||||||
density |
4.38 g cm −3 (20 ° C) |
|||||||||||||||
Melting point |
292 ° C |
|||||||||||||||
boiling point |
376 ° C |
|||||||||||||||
solubility |
very light in water (4430 g l −1 at 20 ° C) |
|||||||||||||||
safety instructions | ||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
MAK |
repealed as carcinogenic |
|||||||||||||||
Thermodynamic properties | ||||||||||||||||
ΔH f 0 |
−915.5 kJ mol −1 |
|||||||||||||||
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Antimony (III) fluoride is a fluoride of antimony . At room temperature it is present as colorless to slightly grayish crystals with a pungent odor.
Extraction and presentation
Antimony trifluoride can be produced by reacting anhydrous hydrogen fluoride with antimony trioxide . This creates antimony (III) fluoride and water.
properties
Physical Properties
Antimony (III) fluoride self-dissociates to form difluoroantimony (III) cations and tetrafluoroantimonate (III) anions.
As a result, molten antimony trifluoride also conducts electrical current . The difluoroantimony (III) cations are stabilized by surrounding antimony (III) fluoride molecules. Antimony (III) fluoride crystallizes orthorhombically , space group C 2 cm (space group no. 40, position 4) , with the lattice parameters a = 4.95 Å , b = 7.46 Å and c = 7.26 Å.
Chemical properties
Antimony (III) fluoride is a strong Lewis acid but a relatively weak Lewis base . It forms fluorocomplexes with donor fluorides.
use
Antimony (III) fluoride is used as a moderately active fluorinating agent, preferably for low-melting fluorides. These can then be distilled off from the excess antimony (III) fluoride. It is also used as a mordant for coloring and is used in the manufacture of ceramics .
safety instructions
Antimony (III) fluoride is toxic to humans. Inhalation of antimony (III) fluoride can lead to chemical pneumonia and pulmonary edema . Direct contact can lead to severe damage to the skin, the tissues of the mucous membranes, the respiratory tract and the eyes.
See also
literature
- AF Holleman , E. Wiberg , N. Wiberg : Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry . 101st edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-11-012641-9 .
- GH Aylward, TJV Findlay: Chemistry data collection in SI units . 3. Edition. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 1999, ISBN 3-527-29468-6 .
- Entry on antimony fluoride. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 8, 2014.
- Georg Brauer (Ed.): Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry . 2nd Edition. tape 1 . Academic Press, 1963, ISBN 978-0-12-395590-6 , pp. 199 , doi : 10.1016 / B978-0-12-395590-6.X5001-7 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b A. J. Edwards: Fluoride crystal structures . Part XIV. Antimony trifluoride: A redetermination. In: Journal of the Chemical Society . No. 0 , 1970, p. 2751-2753 , doi : 10.1039 / J19700002751 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Entry on antimony (III) fluoride in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 8, 2018(JavaScript required) .
- ↑ Entry on Antimony trifluoride in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on August 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
- ^ AF Holleman , N. Wiberg : Inorganische Chemie . 103rd edition. Volume 1: Basics and main group elements. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-049585-0 , p. 952 (reading sample: Part A - Basics of the chemistry of hydrogen. Google book search ).