Anton Schlögel

Anton Schlögel (born July 2, 1911 in Pirmasens ; † July 21, 1999 in Marktredwitz ) was a German lawyer and general secretary of the German Red Cross from 1958 to 1976.

family

Schlögel was born as the second child of a chief customs inspector. In June 1944 he married Waltraud, b. Classed. They had five children.

School, studies and work

After attending elementary school in Hohenburg (Palatinate), he and his parents moved to Nuremberg at the beginning of 1921 . After graduating from high school, he studied law in Erlangen and Munich. In 1938 he passed the assessor exam. A "acceptance into the civil service was refused because it was politically intolerable." He delivered his dissertation in Erlangen in 1943. The title is Free will when withdrawing from the experiment. After graduating as Dr. jur. he initially worked as a trainee lawyer in his hometown of Nuremberg . After the Second World War , Schlögel established himself as a lawyer at the Nuremberg Higher Regional Court and Regional Court.

Military service and wounding

Between 1939 and 1945 Schlögel did military service as a mountain hunter and later a tank destroyer. In July 1942 he was seriously wounded by a shot in the lung on the Eastern Front in Voronezh. Until 1945 he was cared for in several hospitals and convalescent companies.

Activity in the German Red Cross (DRK)

With the approval of the American occupation authorities, Schlögel became the provisional head of the then Nuremberg branch of the Bavarian Red Cross (1945-1947). In addition, he was chairman of the BRK district association Upper and Middle Franconia and the BRK district association Nuremberg (1946-1958). During this time he was also a board member of the Coburg Sisterhood and Honorary Chairman of the BRK Sisterhood in Nuremberg. He had the opportunity to take on high positions full-time; however, he preferred to continue working as a lawyer.

Together with the Red Cross lawyers from the British zone, Wilhelm von Starck, and Walter Bargatzky from the French zone, Schlögel prepared the re-establishment of the German Red Cross. He spoke at the founding meeting of the DRK on February 4, 1950 at the Knight's Fall near Koblenz on the topics of the internal structure of the Red Cross and the status of the national Red Cross societies .

One of his first statements in the DRK was the question of the extent to which the newly founded DRK could and should be regarded as the legal successor to the dissolved DRK. Domestically, Schlögel refused legal succession because of the risk of debt liability. In terms of international law, however, he postulated that a renewed recognition of the DRC by the ICRC was superfluous and the tax and administrative preferential treatment of the new DRC was justified.

He was elected General Secretary of the DRK in 1958; he held this position until his retirement in 1976. He held this office under the DRK presidents Heinrich Weitz , Hans Ritter von Lex and Walter Bargatzky . He also advised Prince zu Sayn-Wittgenstein .

A dispute with Weitz came at the end of his second term. The coexistence between the President and the Secretary General was becoming increasingly difficult. Weitz no longer felt accepted as president and accused Schlögel of exposing himself. In spite of this, Weitz praised the Secretary General as a "personality of undoubted cleanliness [...] whose entire professional life was carried and inspired by an admirable idealism for the Red Cross cause".

The decision to send the hospital ship Helgoland to Vietnam was also taken during Schlögel's tenure . For this purpose, Schlögel prepared a detailed legal assessment of the mission. This hospital ship, equipped as a civilian hospital and with civilian personnel from the German Red Cross, was used in agreement with the government in Vietnam from 1966 to the end of 1971, initially in the port of Saigon , later in the port of Da Nang .

He was a welcome guest and speaker at the meetings of the legal advisors and convention representatives of the DRK and gave various lectures there. On his initiative, the Expert Committee on Humanitarian International Law was founded in the DRK in 1973 . His publication on the Geneva Conventions was a standard work for many convention commissioners and was affectionately known as The Schlögel . The almost 100-page introduction by Schlögel provided a very good overview of the origin, development and application of international humanitarian law.

Even after his tenure as General Secretary, he continued to work for the Red Cross. He was a member of the DRK Presidium until 1991 and of the Union of Sororities of the DRK from 1979 to 1987. In 1991 he became an honorary member of the Presidium. On the occasion of his 75th birthday, the DRK honored its former Secretary General with the publication of the book Geist und Gestalt des Red Cross - A selection of speeches and essays by Anton Schlögel.

Activity at the international Red Cross level

Shortly after the end of the war, Schlögel made contact with the International Committee of the Red Cross and the League of Red Cross Societies in Geneva. The partially published correspondence with the former ICRC President Max Huber speaks for a trusting exchange between the two. He also dedicated his book on the Geneva Accords, considered to be the standard work, to him "with grateful admiration". He was also on friendly terms with Hans Haug . He describes Schlögel together with Jean Pictet as disciples of the master [Huber], who not only internalized Huber's thinking, but also developed it through reflection and a wealth of experience. Schlögel paid particular attention to international humanitarian law. This shows u. a. the selection of his writings. Topics such as civil war and the position of aid companies in armed conflicts have always been his themes. He also wrote several articles on the Red Cross principles and the difficult relationships within the Red Cross movement. He participated in preparatory work for the diplomatic conference of 1949 and from 1974 to 1977 on the drafting of Additional Protocols I and II to the Geneva Conventions.

Schlögel took part in the International Red Cross Conferences several times. At the creation of Resolution XX of the XVIII. At the International Red Cross Conference in Toronto in 1952, Schlögel played a decisive role. This resolution was about cooperation between the Red Cross and states to obtain the release and support of victims of the post-war period.

Several of his texts have been published in English in the International Review of the Red Cross.

In recognition of his activities at international level, Schlögel was awarded the Henry Dunant Medal of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement in Rio de Janeiro in 1987 .

Political activities

Schlögel was already active in the student union during his studies . He joined the CDU after the Second World War and was city ​​councilor of Nuremberg from 1956 to 1968 .

Literature by Anton Schlögel (selection)

Monographs

• The Geneva Red Cross Agreement of August 12, 1949 and the Agreement on the Laws and Customs of War on Land of October 18, 1907 and Annex (Hague Land Warfare Regulations). Published in 8 editions.
• Reconstruction of the German Red Cross after the Second World War. Bonn 1983.

German-language essays

• The German Red Cross and modern federal legislation. In: Conference of the Justiziare of the German Red Cross 1960, 1961. Bonn 1962.
• Do the Geneva Red Cross agreements still have a chance? In: From politics and contemporary history (APuZ), issue 34/1964.
• The principles of the Red Cross. In: DRK series 27, legal department, issue 5.
• The XX. International Red Cross Conference and
• The meeting of the League Board of Governors. In: The commandment of the hour: speeches u. Essays in year d. 20. Internat. Red Cross Conference (Vienna, October 2-9, 1965). Bonn 1966.
• The Development of Humanitarian Law in the Present. In: DRK series 27, legal department, issue 6.
• A picture of the future work of the Red Cross - Governorate and International Red Cross Conference in Istanbul and
• The Civil War - A Study. In: Protection of people, chess to war: lectures, essays, reports in year d. 21. Internat. Red Cross Conference. The Resolutions of Istanbul, 6-12 September 1969. Bonn 1969.
• International law aspects of the use of the hospital ship "Helgoland". In: Yearbook for International Law, Volume 16, 1973.
• Possibilities and Limits of the Red Cross in the Present. In: Geist und Gestalt des Red Cross - A selection of speeches and essays by Anton Schlögel . 2nd edition, Bonn 1988.
• The German Red Cross - National Red Cross Society and Central Association of Independent Welfare Care. 1976.
• Five presidents of the German Red Cross. In: Essays on the Red Cross. 1980.
• The humanitarian law in the Hague Land Warfare Regulations (HLKO) from today's perspective. (1982) In: Contributions to international law at the meetings of the Justitiare and Convention Commissioners of the German Red Cross 1957–1989. Bochum 1995.
• The Red Cross and Peace. In: Der Rotkreuz-Spiegel, Issue 5–6. Hanover 1983.
• Red Cross and Peace - 12 theses. In: Geist und Gestalt des Red Cross - A selection of speeches and essays by Anton Schlögel . 2nd edition, Bonn 1988.

In addition, a large number of Schlögel articles were printed in the magazines Deutsches Rotes Kreuz and Die Rotkreuz-Zeitung .

English-language essays

• Cicil War. In: International Review of the Red Cross. Volume 10, No. 108, March 1970
• Possibilities and Limits of the Red Cross. In: International Review of the Red Cross, Volume 14, No. 155, February 1974 .

Sources

A published biography of Anton Schlögel is not yet known. This Wikipedia entry is based on a lecture at the 55th meeting of the judiciaries and convention officers of the German Red Cross in 2011. The author of this lecture was Deputy Secretary General of the DRK and is currently the state manager of the DRK-Landesverband Hessen eV Further information was given to the Munzinger- Archive , Internationales Biographisches Archiv 34/1958 from August 11, 1958, taken.

literature

• Anton Schlögel: Rebuilding the German Red Cross after World War II. Bonn 1983.
• German Red Cross: Spirit and Shape of the Red Cross - A selection of speeches and essays by Anton Schlögel. 2nd edition, Bonn 1988.
• Dieter Riesenberger : The German Red Cross, Konrad Adenauer and the prisoner of war problem: the repatriation of German prisoners of war from the Soviet Union (1952–1955) . Donat, Bremen 1994.
• Dieter Riesenberger: The German Red Cross. A story 1864–1990. Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 2002.
• Ludger Tewes , Red Cross Sisters Your assignment in the mobile medical service of the Wehrmacht 1939-1945, Verlag Schoeningh, Paderborn 2016, ISBN 978-3-506-78257-1 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Death certificate Dr. Anton Schlögel, July 1999
2. ↑ Thomas Klemp: Dr. Anton Schlögel July 1st, 1911-21. July 1999. 2011
3. ^ Entry in the German National Library
4. ^ Munzinger-Archiv Personen - Internationales Biographisches Archiv 34/1958 from August 11, 1958
5. ^ Anton Schlögel: Rebuilding the German Red Cross after World War II. Bonn 1983. Page 103 f.
6. ↑ Walter Bargartzky occasion of the adoption of Schlögel as general secretary; Documentation of the DRK General Secretariat
7. ↑ Anton Schlögel: Spirit and Shape of the Red Cross - A selection of speeches and essays by Anton Schlögel. 2nd edition, Bonn 1988. page 15 ff.
8. ^ Dieter Riesenberger: The German Red Cross 1864-1999. Page 392 ff .; See DRK law of December 9, 1937, § 18 (DRK exemption from court and administrative fees)
9. ↑ Riesenberger, 2002, page 470 f.
10. ^ Anton Schlögel: Aspects of international law regarding the use of the hospital ship "Helgoland". In: Hospital ship "Helgoland". A report from the German Red Cross. German Red Cross, page 101 ff.
11. ^ German Red Cross: Hospital ship "Helgoland": A report from the German Red Cross.
12. ↑ German Red Cross: Spirit and Shape of the Red Cross - A selection of speeches and essays by Anton Schlögel. 2nd edition, Bonn 1988. page 233 ff.
13. ^ Anton Schlögel: The Geneva Red Cross Agreement of August 12, 1949 and the Agreement on the Laws and Customs of Land War of October 18, 1907 and Annex (Hague Land Warfare Regulations). Published in 8 editions.
14. ^ Hans Haug: The Spirit and Structure of the Red Cross. In: International Review of the Red Corss, Volume 28, No. 263, March-April 1988, pages 189 f.
15. ^ Revue internationale de la Croix-Rouge et Bulletin international des Societes de la Croix-Rouge, Supplement, Volume V, No. 9, September 1952
16. ↑ International Review of the Red Cross, Volume 26, No. 261, November-December 1987
17. ^ Munzinger Personen - Internationales Biographisches Archiv
18. ↑ Thomas Klemp: Dr. Anton Schlögel July 1st, 1911-21. July 1999. 2011.
19. ^ Presidium of the DRK regional association of Hesse