Aphyosemion
Aphyosemion | ||||||||||||
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Colored splendor ( Aphyosemion australe ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Aphyosemion | ||||||||||||
Myers , 1924 |
Aphyosemion is a genus of freshwater fish belonging to the group of the males in the family Nothobranchiidae . The scientific name comes from the Greek and refers to the extended dorsal and caudal fins of many species ("aphye" = small fish, anchovy; "semeion" = flag, pennant).
Distribution area
The distribution area extends to West and Central Africa and extends from the Ivory Coast to the northern and central Congo Basin . The distribution limit in the east is the Great African Rift Valley , which the genus does not reach. In the north you can find the calves up to the Shari , in the south to the lower reaches of the Kasai . In the extreme, western Africa from Senegal to Ghana , the genus is replaced by Callopanchax .
features
Aphyosemion species have an elongated body with a round front in cross section and in most cases are extremely colorful. Their body length is between 2.5 and 9 cm. The eyes are relatively large, the mouth wide, above and with numerous small teeth. The lower jaw protrudes slightly. The outer row of teeth usually consists of conical teeth. The pectoral fins are set relatively low. Scales are cycloid or cycloctenoid, the sideline is incomplete, with neuromasts on the head and body. Corpses have nine (derived) to twenty (original) chromosomes .
There is a noticeable gender dimorphism . The males are in most cases very colored and have enlarged fins, the females are more gray to brownish with paler markings and colorless fins.
Way of life
Aphyosemion species mostly colonize small streams, ponds and rivulets in the rainforest , but also in open humid savannas . They are bad swimmers, but good jumpers and feed mainly on insects that have fallen on the surface of the water. What they all have in common is that they do not live in flocks, the males are aggressive towards each other, which differs from species to species in its expression.
Among the aphyosemion species, there are annual seasonal fish that live in periodic waters , semi-manual and non-manual species, corresponding to the different water types. The eggs of the first have a thick shell and go through a more or less long diapause . The eggs are laid on aquatic plants or on the ground.
Annual aphyosemion species only live to a maximum of one year, the others can live to around three years.
Systematics
Aphyosemion is a relatively extensive genus that is divided into various subspecies. Some of these subspecies have recently been raised to the genus rank ( Archiaphyosemion , Callopanchax , Fundulopanchax , Scriptaphyosemion ) and others have been assigned to these new genera.
species
According to Fishbase , almost 100 species are included in the genus.
- Subgenus Aphyosemion Myers, 1924; Congo basin, relatively slender, up to 5 cm.
- Chauche's splendid carbine ( Aphyosemion chauchei ) Huber & Scheel, 1981
- Chrystys calf ( Aphyosemion christyi ) (Boulenger, 1915)
- Red Killifish ( Aphyosemion cognatum ) Meinken 1951
- Aphyosemion decorsei - (Pellegrin, 1904)
- Elegant Karpfling ( Aphyosemion elegans ) (Boulenger, 1899)
- Lambert's Ornate Parrot ( Aphyosemion lamberti ) Radda & Huber, 1976
- Ornate lefini ( Aphyosemion lefiniense ) Woeltjes, 1984
- Aphyosemion lujae (Boulenger, 1911)
- Aphyosemion margaretae Fowler, 1936
- Aphyosemion rectogoense Radda & Huber, 1977
- Schioetz Prachtkärpfling ( Aphyosemion schioetzi ) Huber & Scheel, 1981
- Aphyosemion schoutedeni (Boulenger, 1920)
- Chromaphyosemion subgenus
- Aphyosemion alpha Huber, 1998
- Aphyosemion aurantiacum Chirio, Legros & Agnèse, 2018
- Aphyosemion barakoniense Chirio, Legros & Agnèse, 2018
- Multi-colored splendor ( Aphyosemion bitaeniatum ) (Ahl, 1924)
- Banded Karpfling ( Aphyosemion bivittatum ) (Lönnberg, 1895)
- Aphyosemion ecucuense (Sonnenberg, 2007)
- Aphyosemion erythron (Sonnenberg, 2007)
- Aphyosemion flammulatum Chirio, Legros & Agnèse, 2018
- Aphyosemion flavocyaneum Chirio, Legros & Agnèse, 2018
- Loennberg's magnificent carrot ( Aphyosemion loennbergii ) (Boulenger, 1903)
- Aphyosemion lugens Amiet, 1991
- Aphyosemion kouamense Legros, 1999
- Aphyosemion koungueense (Sonnenberg, 2007)
- Aphyosemion malumbresi (Legros & Zentz, 2006)
- Aphyosemion melanogaster (Legros, Zentz & Agnèse, 2005)
- Aphyosemion melinoeides (Sonnenberg, 2007)
- Aphyosemion omega (Sonnenberg, 2007)
- Aphyosemion pamaense Agnese et al., 2013
- Poliak's splendor ( Aphyosemion poliaki ) Amiet, 1991
- Spotted calf ( Aphyosemion punctulatum ) (Legros, Zentz & Agnèse, 2005)
- Aphyosemion pusillum Chirio, Legros & Agnèse, 2018
- Aphyosemion riggenbachi (Ahl, 1924)
- Aphyosemion rubrogaster Chirio, Legros & Agnèse, 2018
- Glossfin-coated carp ( Aphyosemion splendopleure ) (Brüning, 1929)
- Volcano Killifish ( Aphyosemion volcanum ) Radda & Wilde Kamp, 1977
- Subgenus Diapteron Huber & Seegers, 1977
- Aphyosemion abacinum Huber, 1976
- Aphyosemion cyanostictum Lambert & Géry, 1968
- Aphyosemion fulgens Radda, 1975
- Aphyosemion georgiae Lambert & Géry, 1968
- Aphyosemion seegersi Huber, 1980
- Subgenus Iconisemion Huber, 2013
- Aphyosemion striatum (Boulenger, 1911)
- Subgenus Kathethys Huber, 1977; ( Gr. "Kathos" = vertical, because of the vertically striped body of the ♂), highlands of Cameroon.
- Bamileke calf ( Aphyosemion bamilekorum ) Radda, 1971
- Aphyosemion bualanum (Ahl, 1924)
- Red-stripe Karpfling ( Aphyosemion elberti ) (Ahl, 1924)
- Aphyosemion exiguum (Boulenger, 1911)
- Subgenus Mesoaphyosemion Radda, 1977
- Ahls Killie ( Aphyosemion ahli ) Myers, 1933
- Aphyosemion amoenum Radda & Pürzl, 1976
- Ornate Goldfinch ( Aphyosemion aureum ) Radda, 1980
- Buytaert's Ornate Parrot ( Aphyosemion buytaerti ) Radda & Huber, 1978
- Red-edged Karpfling ( Aphyosemion calliurum ) (Boulenger, 1911)
- Ornate Cameroonian Parrot ( Aphyosemion cameronense ) (Boulenger, 1903)
- Tail stripe Killie ( Aphyosemion caudofasciatum ) Huber & Radda, 1979
- Celia's magnificent carrot ( Aphyosemion celiae ) Scheel, 1971
- Magnificent lemon- finned parrot ( Aphyosemion citrineipinnis ) Huber & Radda, 1977
- Heavenly blue calf ( Aphyosemion coeleste ) Huber & Radda, 1977
- Aphyosemion cryptum - Van der Zee et al., 2018
- Aphyosemion cyanoflavum - Van der Zee et al., 2018
- Edea calf ( Aphyosemion edeanum ) Amiet, 1987
- Aphyosemion escherichi (Ahl, 1924)
- Aphyosemion exigoideum Radda & Huber, 1977
- Werner's Magnificent Karpfling ( Aphyosemion franzwerneri ) Scheel, 1971
- Ornate Gabon ( Aphyosemion gabunense ) Radda, 1975
- Hannelore's magnificent carrot ( Aphyosemion hanneloreae ) Radda & Pürzl, 1985
- Heinemann's magnificent carrot ( Aphyosemion heinemanni ) Berkenkamp, 1983
- Herzog's Ornate Parrot ( Aphyosemion herzogi ) Radda, 1975
- Hofmann's magnificent carrot ( Aphyosemion hofmanni ) Radda, 1980
- Aphyosemion jeanhuberi Valdesalici & Eberl, 2015
- Aphyosemion joergenscheeli Huber & Radda, 1977
- Aphyosemion labarrei Poll, 1951
- Aphyosemion louessense (Pellegrin, 1931)
- Speckled Magnificent Parrot ( Aphyosemion maculatum ) Radda & Pürzl, 1977
- Aphyosemion mandoroense Van der Zee et al., 2018
- Aphyosemion mimbon Huber, 1977
- Scapular calf ( Aphyosemion ocellatum ) Huber & Radda, 1977
- Red- doted carrot ( Aphyosemion ogoense ) (Pellegrin, 1930)
- Aphyosemion pascheni (Ahl, 1928)
- Aphyosemion passaroi Huber, 1994
- Aphyosemion primigenium Radda & Huber, 1977
- Aphyosemion punctatum Radda & Pürzl, 1977
- Raddas Kärpfling ( Aphyosemion raddai ) Scheel, 1975
- Schlupps Killie ( Aphyosemion schluppi ) Radda & Huber, 1978
- Thys Karpfling ( Aphyosemion thysi ) Radda & Huber, 1978
- Wachters' splendor fish ( Aphyosemion wachtersi ) Radda & Huber, 1978
- Aphyosemion wuendschi Radda & Pürzl, 1985
- Wildekamp's Ornate Parrot ( Aphyosemion wildekampi ) Berkenkamp, 1973
- Mindouli calf ( Aphyosemion zygaima ) Huber, 1981
- Subgenus Raddaella Huber, 1977
- Bates' daisy ( Aphyosemion batesii ) (Boulenger, 1911)
- Subgenus Scheelsemion Huber, 2013
- Brightly colored Carapace ( Aphyosemion australe ) (Rachow, 1921)
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incertae sedis
- Aphyosemion bitteri Valdesalici & Eberl, 2016
- Aphyosemion bochtleri Radda, 1975
- Black- finned Karpfling ( Aphyosemion congicum ) (Ahl, 1924)
- Mbam calf ( Aphyosemion dargei ) Amiet, 1987
- Aphyosemion fellmanni Van der Zee & Sonnenberg, 2018
- Aphyosemion ferranti (Boulenger, 1910)
- Aphyosemion grelli Valdesalici & Eberl, 2013
- Aphyosemion guineense Daget, 1954
- Aphyosemion halleri Radda & Pürzl, 1976
- Aphyosemion hera Huber, 1998
- Aphyosemion jeanpoli (Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1979)
- Aphyosemion lividum (Legros & Zentz, 2007)
- Aphyosemion maeseni Poll, 1941
- Aphyosemion mengilai Valdesalici & Eberl, 2014
- Aphyosemion obscurus (Ahl, 1924)
- Aphyosemion petersi (Sauvage, 1882)
- Aphyosemion polli Radda & Pürzl, 1987
- Aphyosemion tirbaki Huber, 1999
- Aphyosemion trilineatus (Ladiges, 1934)
- Aphyosemion viride (Ladiges & Roloff, 1973)
literature
- Werner Neumann: Aphyosemion. In: Claus Schaefer, Torsten Schröer (Hrsg.): The large lexicon of aquaristics. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-7497-9 , pp. 63-71.
- Günther Sterba : The world's freshwater fish. 2nd Edition. Urania, Leipzig / Jena / Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-332-00109-4 .
- Melanie Stiassny, Guy Teugels & Carl D. Hopkins: The Fresh and Brackish Water Fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa. Volume 2, ISBN 9789074752213 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Agnèse, J.-F., Chirio, L., Legros, O., Oslisly, R. & Bhé, HM (2018): Unexpected discovery of six new species of Aphyosemion (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae) in the Wonga-Wongué Presidential Reserve in Gabon. European Journal of Taxonomy, 471: 1-28.
Web links
- Aphyosemion on Fishbase.org (English)
- Splendid carvers