Apteranthes
| Apteranthes | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Burchard's fly flower ( Apteranthes burchardii ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Apteranthes | ||||||||||||
| JCMikan |
The genus Apteranthes belongs to the subfamily of the silk plants (Asclepiadoideae) in the family of the dog poison plants (Apocynaceae). The flowers of these succulent plants give off an unpleasant odor.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Apteranthes species grow as trunk succulent perennial plants . The succulent, 1 to 2.5 cm wide, green or blue-green shoot axes are smooth, hairless, have four sharp edges and grow to heights of 5 to 40 cm and stand together in groups or crawl individually and can then be up to 70 cm long be. They contain clear milky juice . The sessile, succulent leaves are reduced to scales and fall off quickly.
Inflorescences and flowers
The pseudodold inflorescences formed on the internodes, near the tip of the stem axis and standing on smooth inflorescence axes, contain three to 15 sessile flowers. The unpleasant smell of excrement or sweet ( Apteranthes burchardii ) flowers are hermaphroditic, radial symmetry , five-fold with a double perianth . The five sepals are only fused at their base. The five 6 to 16 mm long petals are flat to bell-shaped only at their base or between a quarter to half of their length. The edges of the corolla lobes are curved back and smooth, in Apteranthes europaea ciliate. The inside of the petals is cream-colored to yellow or purple-colored, single-colored, purple-colored speckled or striped, in Apteranthe tuberculata with warts, smooth, papilose or hairy on the whole surface or in the area of the corolla tube. The outside of the petals is green or pink, in Apteranthes europaea mottled purple. The yellow or purple "gynostegium" is sessile. The secondary crown is divided into staminal and interstaminal secondary crown . The free area of the secondary staminal crown is yellow or purple-red. The upright pollinia are D-shaped. There are two smooth, free, upper carpels . The scar head is white. Usually nectar is formed.
Fruits and seeds
The mostly paired, upright arranged follicles are smooth, with a diameter of 4 to 8 mm slender, ovoid in cross section and often quite long with 5 to 13 cm. The light to dark brown seeds are egg-shaped, 5 to 9 mm long, 3 to 6 mm wide. At the edges they have 1 mm wide, entire wings and 1.5 to 3 cm long, pure white flying hairs.
Chromosome numbers
The chromosome numbers are 2n = 22 ( Apteranthes europaea , Apteranthes tuberculata ), 66 ( Apteranthes burchardii subsp. Maura , Apteranthes joannis ) or 132 ( Apteranthes burchardii subsp. Burchardii ).
Systematics and distribution
The distribution area extends from the Iberian Peninsula across North Africa to Macaronesia and the Arabian Peninsula and in Asia to India . North Africa is the center of biodiversity.
The generic name became Apteranthes in 1835 was first published by Johann Christian Mikan in Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum Exhibentia Ephemerides sive Observationes Historias et Experimenta , 17 (2), p. 594, plate 41. Type species is Apteranthes gussoneana J.C.Mikan , now a synonym of Apteranthes europaea (Guss.) Plowes . The genus Caralluma R.Br. was divided into eight genres by Darrel Charles Herbert Plowes in 1995. Apteranthes JCMikan has been reactivated. For Apteranthes J.C.Mikan there is the synonym Borealluma Plowes .
The genus Apteranthes belongs to the subtribe Stapeliinae from the tribe Ceropegieae in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae within the family of Apocynaceae .
There are around six (to eight) species of Apteranthes :
- Burchard's fly flower ( Apteranthes burchardii (NEBr.) Plowes ): With two subspecies:
-
Apteranthes europaea (cast.) Plowes : With three subspecies:
- Apteranthes europaea subsp. europaea : It occurs in southeastern Spain, in Linosa , Lampedusa and in northern Africa.
- Apteranthes europaea subsp. negevensis (D.Zohary) MBCrespo ( Syn . : Apteranthes negevensis (D.Zohary) Plowes , Apteranthes europaea var. judaica (Zohary) Plowes ): It occurs from western Jordan to the Sinai Peninsula.
- Apteranthes europaea subsp. maroccana (Hook.f.) Plowes : It occurs only in Morocco.
- Apteranthes faucicola (Bruyns) Plowes : The species first described in 2013 occurs in northern Yemen .
- Apteranthes joannis (Maire) Plowes : It occurs in Morocco.
- Apteranthes munbyana (Decne. Ex Munby) Meve & Liede (Syn .: Apteranthes munbyana subsp. Hispanica (Coincy) Maire ): It occurs in eastern Spain, Algeria and Morocco.
- Apteranthes staintonii (H.Hara) Meve & Liede : It occurs in western Nepal.
- Apteranthes tuberculata (NEBr.) Meve & Liede : It occurs from Afghanistan to northwestern India and Jordan.
swell
- Manuel Benito Crespo Villalba: Nomenclatural changes in Apteranthes Mikan (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) , in Flora Montiberica , number 32, 2006, pp. 15-20: PDF-Online. (Section description and systematics)
- Sigrid Liede-Schumann & Ulrich Meve: The Genera of Asclepiadoideae, Secamonoideae and Periplocoideae (Apocynaceae) , 2006: On the genus Apteranthes - Online at INTKEY databases of the DELTA System . (Section description and systematics)
- Ulrich Meve & Sigrid Liede-Schumann: A molecular phylogeny and generic rearrangement of the stapelioid Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae). , in Pl. Syst. Evol. , 234, 2002, pp. 171-209.
- Brian M Lamb, Keith Bensusan & Mohamed Amezian: Moroccan Asclepiads Following Autumn Storms , in Cactus and Succulent Journal , Volume 81, Number 5, 2009: PDF-Online.
Individual evidence
- ^ Darrel Charles Herbert Plowes: A reclassification of Caralluma R. Brown (Stapelieae: Asclepiadaceae). in Haseltonia , 3, 1995, pp. 49-70.
- ↑ Ulrich Meve & Sigrid Liede-Schumann: A molecular phylogeny and generic rearrangement of the stapelioid Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae. Pl. Syst. Evol. , 234, 2002, pp. 171-209.
- ↑ Apteranthes in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Enter Apteranthes in the search mask in the African flowering plants database of the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Apteranthes - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on November 9, 2018.
